地层剖面计算表的计算机自动处理

地层剖面计算表的计算机自动处理 ,涉及剖面是由老地层向新地层测制还是由新地层向老地层测制、褶皱的识别处理、存在回测时 (特别是在回测中又存在背向斜时 )的处理、测段厚度及分层厚度的计算等几个主要环节。文章引入剖面方向系数 η、测段方向系数κ、回测系数 ρ 3个新参数 ,建立了地层剖面计算表自动处理的数学模型 ,可以非常方便地将剖面图及其柱状图以矢量格式输出     

澳大利亚拉克兰造山带成矿地质条件与主要矿化类型

澳大利亚拉克兰造山带（又称拉克兰褶皱带,简称LFB）由强烈变形的寒武纪—泥盆纪深海沉积岩、燧石和基性火山岩,以及更年轻的盖层所构成,其造山过程表现为澳大利亚板块向东南方向不断增生的过程。该造山带的长期演化,形成了以维多利亚金矿省为典型代表的造山型金矿床及其它类型的多金属矿床,本质上这些矿床的形成与特殊的成矿地质条件密切相关。对该区相关文献进行分析和总结,提炼出拉克兰造山带金及多金属矿床的主要地质特征,划分出5种主要矿化类型：造山型金矿、花岗岩中细脉浸染型钨—锡矿、斑岩型铜—金矿、火山喷流铜—锌—金硫化物矿床、产于断陷盆地沉积岩中的铜—铅—锌—金矿。5种矿化类型各具特色,空间上有规律性地分布。     

潼峪金矿区成矿断裂构造特征

潼峪金矿区发育过冲剪滑型、平移剪张型和平移剪滑型三种不同性质、不同方向成矿断裂,分布在金罗斑背形的不同部位,其形成有先后差异,但变形环境大体相同,具脆-韧性变形特征。空间上一般不超越褶皱主体。三类断裂中,前两者具石英脉型金矿化,后者形成构造蚀变岩型及小规模石英脉型金矿化。矿化差异与断裂产出的褶皱部位及其相应的应力应变条件的不同有关。     

台风“麦德姆”后海岸横向沙丘年内形态变化的观测

基于2014年第10号强台风“麦德姆”登陆前后一年内不同时间的福建平潭岛长江澳海岸横向沙丘形态高精度观测数据,分析了台风后典型海岸横向沙丘的年内形态变化过程及其特征。结果表明：（1）台风“麦德姆”造成海岸横向沙丘的体积减小、高度降低,其中体积减少了1.3%、丘顶高度最大降低1.43 m,且不同部位的变化程度亦非完全一致。（2）海岸横向沙丘形态在台风“麦德姆”后的一年内主要以体积增加、高度增大为特征,半年内海岸横向沙丘的体积与高度即已超过台风登陆前,丘顶高度最大月均升高0.39 m,沙丘迎风坡基本恢复到台风登陆前状态,背风坡以堆积为主且高度超过台风之前。（3）海岸横向沙丘的形态特征是由丰富的海滩沙源、强劲的常态向岸风、沙丘原形态及植被盖度等因素相互作用的结果,其中丰富的海滩沙源和强劲的常态向岸风是决定性因素,台风对海岸横向沙丘形态的影响应是暂时性的,较长时间尺度而言低频高能的台风对海岸横向沙丘形态的塑造作用相对有限。     

基于克里格法刻画砂岩型铀矿U、Ra和U-Ra平衡系数垂向分布规律——以二连盆地芒来铀矿床为例

砂岩型铀矿是绿色经济可采的重要能源矿种,目前是世界上重要的铀矿勘探类型之一。二连盆地芒来铀矿床、鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟铀矿床铀矿体多呈板状产出,板状铀矿体成因备受关注。为研究砂岩型铀矿内部U、Ra和铀镭平衡系数（Kp）分布的垂向分布规律,本文以二连盆地芒来铀矿床为例,采用具有网格精度高优点的克里格插值法研究U、Ra和Kp垂向分布规律,分别利用放射性样品分析数据和定量伽马测井五点式反褶积法反演U含量数据,通过克里格法精细刻画砂岩型矿体中U、Ra和Kp分布的垂向分布规律。研究发现,该矿床板状矿体内部具有卷状的特征,Kp分布形态可以用来判断含氧含铀水的运移方向以及氧化强弱。该方法对研究铀矿体形态、铀矿成矿规律和后续地浸开采具有重要意义。     

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill

Extensional faults and folds exert a fundamental control on the location, thickness and partitioning of sedimentary deposits on rift basins. The connection between the mode of extensional fault reactivation, resulting fault shape and extensional fold growth is well‐established. The impact of folding on accommodation evolution and growth package architecture, however, has received little attention; particularly the role‐played by fault‐perpendicular (transverse) folding. We study a multiphase rift basin with km‐scale fault displacements using a large high‐quality 3D seismic data set from the Fingerdjupet Subbasin in the southwestern Barents Sea. We link growth package architecture to timing and mode of fault reactivation. Dip linkage of deep and shallow fault segments resulted in ramp‐flat‐ramp fault geometry, above which fault‐parallel fault‐bend folds developed. The folds limited the accommodation near their causal faults, leading to deposition within a fault‐bend synclinal growth basin further into the hangingwall. Continued fold growth led to truncation of strata near the crest of the fault‐bend anticline before shortcut faulting bypassed the ramp‐flat‐ramp structure and ended folding. Accommodation along the fault‐parallel axis is controlled by the transverse folds, the location and size of which depends on the degree of linkage in the fault network and the accumulated displacement on causal faults. We construct transverse fold trajectories by tracing transverse fold hinges through space and time to highlight the positions of maximum and minimum accommodation and potential sediment entry points to hangingwall growth basins. The length and shape of the constructed trajectories relate to the displacement on their parent faults, duration of fault activity, timing of transverse basin infill, fault linkage and strain localization. We emphasize that the considerable wavelength, amplitudes and potential periclinal geometry of extensional folds make them viable targets for CO₂ storage or hydrocarbon exploration in rift basins.     

南海东北部陆缘区新近纪早期反转构造特征及其动力学意义

通过深入分析"九七三"项目所获取的高分辨率多道地震剖面,结合区域钻井资料,探讨了新生代以来南海东北部陆缘所历经的新生代早期张裂、中新世晚期阶段性挤压及上新世以来的稳定热沉降等复杂构造运动;张裂背景下的南海东北部陆缘在中新统中部、下部出现的背斜、逆断层等典型压性反转构造,凸现了南海东北部陆缘在晚中新世发生的阶段性挤压构造运动;分析表明,此构造活动是东沙运动在台西南海域的表现,其动力来源同菲律宾海板块的北西向运动有关。     

三角剪切断层传播褶皱在祁连山北缘断裂中的应用:以黑河口断层为例

逆冲断层运动学过程研究可为造山作用和盆地演化提供重要的信息。位于青藏高原东北缘的祁连山北缘逆冲断裂（NFT）是一条主要的边界断裂,控制着祁连山晚新生代以来的隆升变形,但对于该断裂系统的运动学过程缺乏研究。甘肃张掖西南莺落峡附近,黑河口断层（祁连山北缘断裂的一部分）穿过红沙沟并导致其阶地面错断和褶皱变形。为了研究该区域褶皱变形特征和断层运动学过程,我们首先在红沙沟区域进行了详细的野外考察并对变形的地层和阶地面进行了测量,然后通过数值模拟方法来验证褶皱模型。红沙沟保存有9级河流阶地,利用差分GPS对阶地面的高程进行了测量,同时在野外测量了部分地层的产状。多处断层剖面表明该区域变形属于基底卷入的构造类型,另外变形的阶地面在近断层处表现出明显的褶皱形态。结合阶地面变形特征以及地层的变形,三角剪切断层传播褶皱模型被初步用于该区域构造变形的解释。模型模拟得到自T5、T6和T7形成以来断层滑动量分别是 44±7m、59±10m和 164±28m;结合T6年代得到自约9万年以来该断层的平均滑动速率为 0.68±0.19mm/a,垂直分量为 0.58±0.13mm/a。根据地层与阶地变形特征,并结合模型模拟结果,我们认为祁连山山前基底断层卷入的构造中,在断层出露地表之前,断层顶端存在一个分散式的三角形变形区,区域的应力状态控制着下伏地层和上覆地貌面的褶皱变形。     

The Vema Transverse Ridge (Central Atlantic)

Transverse ridges are elongate reliefs running parallel and adjacent to transform/fracture zones offsetting mid-ocean ridges. A major transverse ridge runs adjacent to the Vema transform (Central Atlantic), that offsets the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by 320 km. Multibeam morphobathymetric coverage of the entire Vema Transverse ridge shows it is an elongated (300 km), narrow (<30 km at the base) relief that constitutes a topographic anomaly rising up to 4 km above the predicted thermal contraction level. Morphology and lithology suggest that the Vema Transverse ridge is an uplifted sliver of oceanic lithosphere. Topographic and lithological asymmetry indicate that the transverse ridge was formed by flexure of a lithospheric sliver, uncoupled on its northern side by the transform fault. The transverse ridge can be subdivided in segments bound by topographic discontinuities that are probably fault-controlled, suggesting some differential uplift and/or tilting of the different segments. Two of the segments are capped by shallow water carbonate platforms, that formed about 3–4 m.y. ago, at which time the crust of the transverse ridge was close to sea level. Sampling by submersible and dredging indicates that a relatively undisturbed section of oceanic lithosphere is exposed on the northern slope of the transverse ridge. Preliminary studies of mantle-derived ultramafic rocks from this section suggest temporal variations in mantle composition. An inactive fracture zone scarp (Lema fracture zone) was mapped south of the Vema Transverse ridge. Based on morphology, a fossil RTI was identified about 80 km west of the presently active RTI, suggesting that a ridge jump might have occurred about 2.2 m.a. Most probable causes for the formation of the Vema Transverse ridge are vertical motions of lithospheric slivers due to small changes in the direction of spreading of the plates bordering the Vema Fracture Zone.