山东省济宁群形成时代探讨

济宁群是在铁矿勘查过程中发现的埋藏于地下近千米深度以下的全隐伏浅变质地层。通过对济宁群中变质火山岩同位素年龄测试和千枚岩中微体古生物分析,结合区域地层和含铁建造对比,探讨了济宁群的形成时代。结果表明,翟村组变英安岩中的锆石成因比较复杂,在15颗锆石上进行了16个数据点分析,其中7个数据点构成不一致线的上交点年龄为(2 522±7)Ma,最年轻锆石的年龄值为(2 487±7)Ma;在30件岩石样品中,发现11件样品含有微古植物化石,为类型分异度不高的疑源类化石组合,以简单球形的疑源类为主,如光面球藻(Leiosphaeridia)、鮫面球藻(Trachysphaeridium)、线脊球藻(Stictosphaeridium)。比较发现:济宁群特征及变质程度,与华北古-中元古代地层的相似程度大于与太古宙地层的相似程度;含铁岩系特征与鲁西及华北克拉通其他新太古代BIF有明显差异,而与山西袁家村BIF相似。综合分析认为,济宁群是新太古代—古元古代过渡期的岩石地层单位,对其深入研究可以揭示太古宙—元古宙过渡期的地质环境演变。     

湖北张福山矿浆-热液过渡型矽卡岩铁矿蚀变矿化分带

湖北张福山铁矿属矿浆-热液过渡型矽卡岩矿床。蚀变矿化具有立体分带性(分五个带)。从矿浆贯入到热浪交代带是连续过渡的,成矿温度由高到低,矿石TFe/FeO的比值逐渐升高,CaO的含量由低变高,品位由高变低,蚀变强度逐渐增强,矿体与围岩由截然接触渐变为过渡关系。最后本文对矿床的成矿机制进行了探讨。     

Sedimentary Patterns and Stratigraphic Trap Models of Deeply Buried Intervals in the Baxian Depression, North China

The Baxian depression is a typical half-graben located in the Jizhong sub-basin, north China. Commercial petroleum traps have been discovered in the Jizhong sub-basin. However, the 3rd and 4th members of the Shahejie Formation in this sub-basin have been poorly explored. These two members, belonging to the Lower Paleogene age, are buried deeply in the depression. Favorable petroleum reservoir conditions exist in such deep intervals of the half-graben due to the presence of different types and extent of deltas and turbidity fans in various areas. In fact, three types of turbidite fans are developed in the sag below the transitional belt on the eastern gentle slope. This work summarized three stratigraphic trap belts, i.e., the steep slope, gentle slope, and sag. On the steep slope, structural-stratigraphic traps with small-scale delta fronts and turbidite sandbodies are well developed. On the gentle slope, hydrocarbons generally accumulate in the large-scale delta front, onlapping beds and those sandbodies adjacent to unconformities. In the sag, petroleum trap models are typically characterized by pinched-out turbidite sandbodies. Stratigraphic traps were easily formed in turbidite fans below the eastern transitional belt. The petroleum traps that have already been discovered or predicted in the study area indicate that stratigraphic traps have favorable petroleum exploration potential in deeply buried areas (depth >5000 m) in a half-graben basin or depression.     

过渡金属的有机酸盐对稠油水热裂解降黏反应的催化作用

研制了过渡金属有机酸盐催化剂,并据此对胜利油田的稠油进行了水热催化裂解降黏室内实验.在反应温度为280°C、反应时间为36 h、加水量为20%、催化剂质量分数为0.2%的条件下,原油脱水降黏率达到97%.利用红外光谱、气相色谱-质谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测试方法对稠油反应前后的的物理和化学性质进行了分析,探讨了稠油水热催化裂解降黏反应的机理.研制的过渡金属有机酸盐可用于特稠油、超稠油的现场开采.     

秦巴山地植物南北变化与过渡模式研究

秦岭—大巴山是中国重要的南北地理分界线和生态过渡带,建立秦巴山地南北方向上植物种类组成及重要值的详细变化序列和过渡模式,对于深入认识中国南北过渡带的过渡性、复杂性及暖温带与亚热带分界线具有十分重要的科学意义。本文通过野外实地调查获取秦巴山地东、中、西部3条南北穿越样线163个采样点的植被序列数据,分析了物种丰富度、相对重要值及优势种多度的纬向变化,并将亚热带与温带物种相对重要值的差值（SND-RIV）用于表现南北方物种的优势程度,以分析和归纳植物的空间变化模式。结果表明：① 东部（三门峡—宜昌）、中部（西安—达州）、西部（天水—广元）亚热带物种丰富度及相对重要值自北向南递增,温带物种自北向南递减。东部温带物种丰富度及相对重要值在神农架和伏牛山由于海拔高度的影响出现两个峰值,中部亚热带物种在大巴山地区最高,西部亚热带物种在陇南以南超过温带物种;② 东部南北方物种的交错过渡带最宽,约180 km;中部大约在秦岭南坡至大巴山北坡之间,约100 km;西部交错过渡带偏南,约50~60 km。③ 东、中、西部山地植物纬向过渡模式和驱动因子有明显差异。东、西部自南向北亚热带物种的减少主要与年均降水量减少有关,年平均气温影响较小;中部年平均气温的作用比湿润指数稍大。本文揭示了秦巴山地东、中、西部植物的南北变化及过渡模式,提升了对中国南北过渡带复杂性和多样性的科学认识。     

甘肃永昌南坝杂岩体的地球化学特征及构造意义

走廊过渡带石羊硐岩基南坝杂岩体含有大量的闪长质包体,作者在原1∶5万区域地质填图资料的基础上,再次开展了该杂岩体内的包体和寄主岩的岩石学、主量及微量元素地球化学研究工作,确定南坝杂岩体的包体具火成结构,包体与寄主岩存在地球化学差异、但同时二者主量元素、微量元素在比值-比值协变图中呈双曲线或直线变异关系,在共分母比值-比值成分变异图中则呈直线变异特点,反映了壳幔混源的特征;根据杂岩体内强烈的塑性构造变形及杂岩体主要岩性在R1-R2图解及微量元素洋脊花岗岩标准化图解上的判别结果,确定该杂岩体属同碰撞花岗岩,与祁连地体与阿拉善地体的碰撞有关,是碰撞晚期构造机制转化阶段的产物,而与二地体碰撞有关的底侵作用是走廊过渡带地壳生长的重要因素之一。     

Impacts of Recent Climate Change on Dry-Land Crop Water Consumption in the Northern Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone of China

Climate change has substantially impacted crop growth and development in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone. Examination of the response of crop water consumption to climate change may provide a guide for adapting local agricultural production and ecological construction to new realities. The water consumption of three local crops (wheat, naked oats, and potatoes) is examined for Wuchuan County in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone of China using meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 and soil moisture data from 1983 to 2007. The relationships between climate change and the crop water consumption are discussed. The results show that Wuchuan experienced both a warming trend and a reduction of precipitation between 1960 and 2007. The annual mean surface air temperature increased at a rate of 0.04℃ yr-1 and the annual precipitation decreased at a rate of 0.7 mm yr-1 . Both trends are particularly pronounced between 1983 and 2007, with an increase in annual mean temperature of 0.09℃ yr-1 and a decrease in annual mean precipitation of 2.1 mm yr-1 . Crop water consumption decreased between 1983 and 2007 for wheat (1.65 mm yr-1 ), naked oats (2.04 mm yr-1 ), and potatoes (3.85 mm yr-1 ). Potatoes and naked oats consume more water than wheat. Climate change has significantly impacted crop water consumption. Water consumption and rainfall during the growing season are positively correlated, while water consumption and active accumulated temperature are negatively correlated. Compared to precipitation, accumulated temperature has little impact on crop water consumption. Recent climate change has been detrimental for crop production in Wuchuan County. Adaptation to climate change should include efforts to breed drought-resistant crops and to develop drought-resistant cultivation techniques.     

全球变化与海岸海洋科学发展

研究海陆过渡带的表层系统作用过程、环境资源特性及发展变化规律,与人类生存发展关系密切。全球气候与海平面自然变化、全球性频繁的地震、火山构造活动研究及国际海洋权益之重新组合,促进海岸海洋科学的新发展。     

鄂尔多斯农牧交错土地利用格局的演变与机理

依据史料和已有研究成果恢复了鄂尔多斯农牧交错土地利用格局的演变过程,即清代、民国是一个由自发开垦到政府组织开垦、由汉人租佃开垦到蒙汉共同开垦、由鄂尔多斯周缘 向其内部深入的过程。进而从自然条件、人口压力、经济利益和民族融合等因素的作用探讨 鄂尔多斯农牧交错土地利用格局的演变机理。清代气候进入暖湿期,为土地开垦奠定了条件; 生态系统脆弱性又阻碍了过度开垦。中国人口空前增长和耕地单产徘徊促使耕地开发向边疆 拓展;鄂尔多斯与周边的人口梯度力以及黄土高原土地退化对人口的排斥力是促进鄂尔多斯土地开垦的根本动力。无论是民间自发的还是政府组织的,都是在追逐利益中促进了土地开垦;同时,中央与地方、蒙古人与汉人、豪强与贫民之间的利益争夺阻碍了开垦进程。蒙汉 人口结构改变和开垦中建立的共同利益关系促进了民族融合,其中的彼此接受和排斥,既加强了农业的地位,又巩固了畜牧业的地位。鄂尔多斯的农牧交错土地利用格局正是这些因素 的共同驱动和阻碍的平衡中形成和发展的。