塔里木东南缘早二叠世牙形刺的发现及其意义

首次于塔里木盆地东南缘洛浦阿其克克孜里奇曼组发现牙形刺，其中重要的有Ｎｅｏｓｔｒｅｐ－ｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓｐｅｑｕｏｐｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｓｗｅｔｏｇｎａｔｈｕｓｉｎｏｒｎａｔｕｓ，根据化石组合面貌，属Ｎｅｏｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓｐｅｑｕｏｐｅｎｓｉｓ带，其时代为二叠纪亚丁斯克期（Ａｒｔｉｎｓｋｉａｎ），说明塔里木盆地东南缘洛浦阿其克克孜里奇曼组应属早二叠世，而不是晚石炭世。     

秦岭-黄淮平原交界带地貌演化阶段的信息熵判定

地地貌信息熵计算方法和涵义讨论的基础上，计算了秦岭-黄淮平原交界带面积大于100km^2各流域的地貌信息熵值，进而分析了秦岭-黄淮平原交界带的地貌定化阶段。得出以下结论；该区地貌演化处于壮年期和老年期的过渡阶段；各流域坡面形状多为下凹形为主，但山地整体的坡面形状近于直线形。     

中国南北过渡带土壤碳氮空间特征及暖温带与亚热带界限

秦巴山区是中国南北过渡带的主体,过渡带分界划分在学界一直存在争议,确定和改进划分指标对构建中国生态地理格局有重要作用。土壤作为过渡带的核心部分,其关键指标的空间分布及变异机制对识别过渡效应和区域特征有指示作用。本文基于土壤二普资料,采用空间模拟和地统计方法分析土壤有机碳/全氮空间特征及与主要自然地理要素的关系。结果显示,秦巴山区有机碳/全氮含量空间分布趋势一致,存在3个高值区、1个次高值区和1个低值区。高值区分布在秦岭、大巴山高海拔区域和嘉陵江以西山地,含量分别为15.03~71.04 g/kg、1782.61~7710.00 mg/kg;低值区沿秦岭北坡的渭河谷地、南五台山和伏牛山分布,含量分别为0.64~6.50 g/kg、110.00~885.96 mg/kg;次高值区主要在汉江两侧、秦巴山地之间海拔< 1000 m及嘉陵江两侧略高于1000 m的山体,含量介于以上二者之间,自西向东呈南北向宽幅逐渐增大的“喇叭状”趋势。综合考虑地形—植被—气候作用,发现秦岭南坡—大巴山北坡有机碳/全氮次高值区分布范围与1000 m等高线、暖温带落叶阔叶林带（含常绿成分）和亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林带上限、1月0 ℃等温线、7月24 ℃等温线较一致,区内1月、7月、季节和全年气温变化较小,各季降雨变幅大,该区是亚热带向暖温带过渡的主体,北界大致沿都江堰—茂县—平武—文县和秦岭南坡1000 m等高线分布,南以都江堰—北川—青川和大巴山北坡1000 m等高线为界。有机碳/全氮空间变化为亚热带—暖温带的划界提供一定依据,进一步识别典型区土壤过程及生态效应,将全面揭示土壤多维过渡特征及其变异机理。     

福建秋冬之交降水强度变化及其环流背景分析

以福建省为例,着眼气候上少雨的秋冬过渡期近年多雨涝事件的现象,分析了近55年降水强度演变特征,采用合成分析探讨了东亚季风主要环流系统及区域水汽、对流条件与福建秋冬之交降水强弱的联系机制。结果显示:(1)福建秋冬之交暴雨过程频数和整体降水强度都趋于增加,降水强度在2010年前后出现突变;(2)降水强(弱)年副高偏西(东)偏强(弱),东亚高纬环流较平直(经向度较大),东亚冬季风偏弱(强),冷空气主体偏北(南),有利(不利)于冷暖气流在福建的交汇;(3)降水强(弱)年福建上空西南(东北)水汽输送明显加强,垂直上升运动加强(减弱),水汽和对流条件均有利(不利)于强降水的发生。     

中国亚热带北界及其过渡带

本文根据亚热带热量指标构造了热量综合指数表达式,确定亚热带北界的具体位置、宽度和特征,分析过渡带内气候变量在时间上和空间上的内在联系。     

等鞭金藻属(等鞭金藻目)1新种——湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis sp.nov)及其超微结构的观察

描述了从广东湛江南三岛沿岸采集、分离的等鞭金藻1新种———湛江等鞭金藻,应用电镜技术观察了湛江等鞭金藻运动细胞的超微结构.电镜观察证明,其运动细胞表面覆盖2~4层鳞片,鳞片有两种类型,一种较大,椭圆形;另一种较小,圆形.细胞顶端具有2条等长的平滑的鞭毛,两鞭毛间具有一条退化的定鞭(haptonema),很短,仅有1~2条微管.湛江等鞭金藻鞭毛过渡区中央轴丝与周边微管之间有5~6条螺旋条纹.两个金褐色色素体位于细胞两侧.3条类囊体为一组,无带片层.每个质体内侧具1个单层膜包裹的裸露的蛋白核.蛋白核内常具1对横列的类囊体.高尔基器位于鞭毛基体基部.线粒体长管状,具多个不分枝或分枝的脊.细胞中下部具1个至多个金藻昆布糖(Chrysolaminaran)颗粒.细胞核位于两质体之间、细胞基部.     

Climatic implications of latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene mammalian sympatries in eastern Washington state, USA

For more than fifty years it has been known that mammalian faunas of late-Pleistocene age are taxonomically unique and lack modern analogs. It has long been thought that nonanalog mammalian faunas are limited in North America to areas east of the Rocky Mountains and that late-Pleistocene mammalian faunas in the west were modern in taxonomic composition. A late-Pleistocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter in southeastern Washington State has no modern analog and defines an area of maximum sympatry that indicates significantly cooler summers than are found in the area today. An earliest Holocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter defines an area of maximum sympatry, including the site area, but contains a single tentatively identified taxon that may indicate slightly cooler than modern summers.     

癞子岭黄玉云英岩中流体—熔融包裹体研究—黄玉云英岩成因的探讨

癞子岭黄玉云英岩矿物中流体－熔融包裹体研究揭示黄玉云英岩是岩浆－热液过渡阶段的结晶产物。而黄玉云英岩中岩浆作用与交代作用特征并存现象则是低温成岩熔体在结晶过程中共存的热液对已形成的矿物产生水岩反应的结果。     

Analysis of a lower jurassic geomagnetic reversal based on a model that relates transitional fields to variations of flux on the core surface

Summary For the last 12 Myr the transitional virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) of different reversals lie close to two preferred and practically antipodal longitudinal paths. In spite of some controversies about these transitional paths, it has been pointed out that they are linked to geomagnetic phenomena. Jurassic transitional VGP paths are quite similar to those of the last 12 Myr. Paleomagnetic data recorded in Stormberg Lavas (195 ± 5 Ma) belonging to two sampling localities of South Africa have been rotated according to an absolute palaeoreconstruction of Africa for the lower Jurassic. In order to avoid the hypothesis about dipolarity implicit in the VGPs calculations, the transitional directions recorded in the lavas were compared with others that were simulated on the basis of a model that relates transitional fields to variations of flux on the Earth's core surface. They were quite similar. For both, recorded and simulated data, the VGPs showed similar paths. Similar conditions could thus have driven both late Cenozoic and Jurassic reversals.     

Logging identification and characteristic analysis of marine–continental transitional organic-rich shale in the Carboniferous-Permian strata,Bohai Bay Basin

Currently, global shale gas exploration and exploitation are focused on marine shale. Recently, major shale gas-oil breakthroughs have been made within continental and marine–continental transitional shale in China. This study will show how transitional shale is of great importance. Based on geological field surveys, core observations, thin section analysis, organic geochemistry and X-ray diffraction, we systematically studied the basic geological characteristics (including lithology, mineral composition, and organic geochemistry) of this transitional shale. By comparative analysis of well logging data from 260 wells in the Taiyuan–Shanxi shale, we will show that these methods are effective for identifying organic-rich shale from conventional well logs and determining its thickness distribution in the Carboniferous–Permian strata of the Taiyuan–Shanxi transitional coal-bearing formation.The results indicate that the Taiyuan–Shanxi shale has a high TOC (most 2%–4%) and that the lithology is primarily carbonaceous shale with type Ⅱ₂-Ⅲ kerogens. The high thermal maturation (Ro ≥ 1.1%) favors the generation of gas. The mineral components primarily include clay minerals, quartz, and plagioclase with a moderate brittle mineral content (47 wt.%) and high clay mineral content (51 wt.%) dominated by kaolinite (43%) and mixed-layer illite-smectite (31%). The transitional organic-rich shale on conventional log curves is generally characterized by higher gamma ray (GR), neutron porosity (CNL), acoustic travel time (AC), resistivity (R_t), potassium (K), and uranium (U) readings and a lower density (DEN), photoelectric absorption index (PE) and thorium-uranium ratio (TH/U). After analyzing the log response characteristics of the organic-rich shale, the most sensitive logging curves (such as CNL, AC, DEN, PE and U) were optimized to conduct logging overlays and to construct cross-plots to qualitatively identify organic-rich shale. The identified organic-rich shale amalgamates in the middle-upper member of the Taiyuan Formation and the lower member of the Shanxi Formation consistent with the results of the TOC analysis and practical gas logging. Based on the qualitative evaluation methods of the modified △LogR and a multivariate linear regression model, we calculated the TOC of shale wells in the Taiyuan–Shanxi formation. From this we calculated the characteristic values of organic-rich shale thickness. The results indicate that organic-rich shale in the Taiyuan formation is thicker than that in the Shanxi formation. Additionally, the thickness of organic-rich shale within lagoons and deep reed swamp facies are much thicker (25–35 m and 40–80 m) than other structural profile types, whereas their lateral distribution is less than that of marine shale. The relatively small continuous thickness of the single shale layer and high clay content may have negative effects for developing the shale gas potential.