瞬变电磁技术在巷道超前探测中的应用

瞬变电磁法具有测距大(150～200m)、对水敏感、定向性好等优点,能够有效探测井下掘进巷道前方隐伏含水异常体,为矿井生产提供地质保障。在勘探实例中,根据井下巷道环境条件和技术要求,消除金属体及非测量电源等干扰因素,并采用偶极装置方式,选择2种规格的发射线圈(2m×2m及1m×1m),在探测巷道距离足够大的情况下,较成功地圈定了老窑采空区及陷落柱的位置、范围、富水性等地质信息,为矿井防治水害提供了依据。     

基于小波分析的瞬变电磁信号消噪

密集采样的瞬变电磁信号其中晚期信号一般较弱,常规的滤波方法有时难以取得好的效果。应用多尺度小波分析方法进行瞬变电磁信号的去噪处理,可有效地区分有用信号与干扰噪声,经试算得到了比较满意的去噪效果,是一种瞬变电磁信号去噪的可行实用的方法。     

Suppressing random noise to broaden the useful bandwidth of seismic reflection data

The signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of seismic reflection data in many areas is rather poor and conventional two-dimensional filters designed to suppress noise with different moveout from the signal tend to generate artifacts. We have extended a method of multichannel filtering, based on the hypothesis that signals on adjacent channels are similar, for enhancing the SNR on stacked sections. Using only the mid-range frequencies where the SNR is highest, the event trend is found for overlapping windows on the section and the average signal vector is calculated. Then the data from the full bandwidth section are projected onto the spatially varying unit similarity vectors and the results are merged for the overlapping windows. Application of the method to synthetic data containing steeply dipping events and to a stacked section for a marine 2D line has produced good results. The modifications we have introduced carry a small overhead in computing time but they should enable the method to be used effectively even on sections containing steep dips.     

数字滤波器在高台地震台地震记录日常分析中的应用

简要介绍了滤波器的一般原理与Butterworth低通滤波器、高通滤波器和带通滤波器在高台地震台日常工作中的应用。     

可展宽地震资料有效频宽的随机噪声衰减方法

很多地区地震资料的信噪比较低,而用于压制与信号具有不同方向的随机噪声的常规二维滤波方法常常产生假信息。基于相邻信号具有相干性这一假设,本文提出了一种叠后衰减随机噪声的多道滤波方法。该方法利用信噪比最高的中频段信息(含有主频的这一频率区间)分时窗计算信号单位矢量,并将该时窗内全频段数据向信号单位矢量方向投影,对各时窗(包括时间方向和空间方向)重叠部分按比例进行加权。我们利用这种方法对含有陡倾角的合成地震数据和海上二维实际地震资料进行了处理,处理效果很好。这种方法较为费时,但不受倾角限制,应用范围广。     

A method of comparison of exact and asymptotic wave field computations

Summary. A method of comparison of exact numerical computations with an asymptotic ray series expansion consisting of the two first terms is proposed. The method makes it unnecessary to derive complicated explicit expressions for the second leading term of the ray series.
As a practical example we consider the anomalous PS arrival generated in the case of a near-vertical incidence of a spherical P wave on a solid/solid boundary. The areas in which the PS wave may be described by two leading terms of the ray series expansion are marked and deviations from the ray theory are analysed.     

高频时域电磁场模拟

根据不同时域电磁场的频率特性,从频率域到时间域的转换一般有二种方法,即线性滤波算法(余弦变换)和快速傅氏变换(FFT)。利用高密度采样的线性滤波算法计算余弦变换,对层状介质的甚早期瞬变电磁进行模拟,并与均匀半空间的闭合解析式结果进行对比,证明了该方法的有效性。另外,从层状介质的高频电磁场响应出发,利用FFT算法,有效地模拟了不同频率和地电参数的GPR射线,以及层状介质的剖面图。甚早期瞬变电磁和低频GPR的频率,都跨越了传统电磁法中所忽略的中间频率。这里的主要目的就是通过对比选择有效的模拟方法,利用模拟结果来分析该频段时域电磁场的特征。