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81.
A 3D discrete FEM iterative algorithm for solving the water pipe cooling problems of massive concrete structures
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Water pipe cooling has been widely used for the temperature control and crack prevention of massive concrete structures such as high dams. Because both under‐cooling and over‐cooling may reduce the efficiency of crack prevention, or even lead to great harm to structures, we need an accurate and robust numerical tool for the prediction of cooling effect. Here, a 3D discrete FEM Iterative Algorithm is introduced, which can simulate the concrete temperature gradient near the pipes, as well as the water temperature rising along the pipes. On the basis of the heat balance between water and concrete, the whole temperature field of the problem can be computed exactly within a few iteration steps. Providing the pipe meshing tool for building the FE model, this algorithm can take account of the water pipe distribution, the variation of water flow, water temperature, and other factors, while the traditional equivalent algorithm based on semi‐theoretical solutions can only solve problems with constant water flow and water temperature. The validation and convergence are proved by comparing the simulated results and analytical solutions of two standard second‐stage cooling problems. Then, a practical concrete block with different cooling schemes is analyzed and the influences of cooling factors are investigated. In the end, detailed guidance for pipe system optimization is provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
The understanding of nutrient uptake in streams is impeded by a limited understanding of how geomorphic setting and flow regime interact with biogeochemical processing. This study investigated these interactions as they relate to transient storage and nitrate uptake in small agricultural and urban streams. Sites were selected across a gradient of channel conditions and management modifications and included three 180‐m long geomorphically distinct reaches on each of two streams in north‐central Colorado. The agricultural stream has been subject to historically variable cattle‐grazing practices, and the urban stream exhibits various levels of stabilisation and planform alteration. Reach‐scale geomorphic complexity was characterised using highly detailed surveys of channel morphology, substrate, hydraulics and habitat units. Breakthrough‐curve modelling of conservative bromide (Br?) and nonconservative nitrate (NO3?) tracer injections characterised transient storage and nitrate uptake along each reach. Longitudinal roughness and flow depth were positively associated with transient storage, which was related to nitrate uptake, thus underscoring the importance of geomorphic influences on stream biogeochemical processes. In addition, changes in geomorphic characteristics due to temporal discharge variation led to complex responses in nitrate uptake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
The transient response of a cylindrical casing–cement structure in a poroelastic stratum under dynamic radial tractions is one of the significant issues during the analysis of downhole operations and the selection of safe material. Based on the Biot theory and general elastic mechanics, this paper gives a set of exact solutions for radial displacement, stresses for the casing–cement system and the pore pressure of the infinite surrounding poroelastic stratum in the Laplace transform space. Solutions are presented for three different types of transient radial loadings acting on the surface of casing, i.e., suddenly applied constant load, gradually applied step load and triangular pulse load. Time domain solutions are obtained using a reliable numerical method of inverse Laplace transforms. A detailed parametric study about the transient response is presented both at the casing–cement interface and the cement–stratum interface, and the distributions of the pore pressure and the effective stresses in the stratum are also examined. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
84.
本文介绍了应用电磁反馈零位检测技术改装的重力仪进行高频信息的观测。阐述重力仪高频信息频谱分布特征、数据采集、数字计算和随机信息的处理方法。利用高频信息可以很好地观测和研究地脉动,给出北京香山地震台利用重力仪高频信息观测所得的地脉动功率谱。分析了地脉动特征及其与台风过程的关系;讨论了某些大地震前所出现的地脉动异常现象。得出北京地区正常地脉动频率分布范围为0.13-0.32Hz,优势频率为0.2Hz,相应的卓越周期为5s的脉动频率异常,也可能在地脉动的正常频率处(0.2Hz左右),出现幅度很大的脉动幅度异常,后者又往往与台风引起的幅度异常相混淆。 相似文献
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电偶源瞬变电磁测深一维全区视电阻率解释方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文从理论计算和野外实测资料处理两方面讨论了电偶源瞬变电磁测深─维全区视电阻率解释方法以及与之相关的实测数据预处理、磁场计算及─维磁场数值反演方法. 相似文献
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我们建立了用于地球物理信号对比的一种人机联作的处理方法.对多种信号匹配的算法做了研究、改进和实现,把算法研究和人工测井对比的知识和经验进行归纳,形成基于规则的信号处理,并设计了层次化分解处理结构,实现多种算法的混合运用和数据驱动的算法参数选择.由于结合了相关资料信息和解释人员判断,信号对比问题才能更为适定.人机联作的处理模式以用户的参与来克服一些智能化处理实现的困难.实测结果证明该方法有效. 相似文献
90.
John C. Patterson 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1991,53(2-3):218-238
A model of the time dependent relationship between productivity and light intensity following changes in light intensity is briefly described. The model incorporates two response timescales simulating initial response and photoinhibition, although additional timescales could easily be incorporated. The model is calibrated against one set of time dependent data, and applied to two simple models of motion in the upper mixed layer of a lake. The two models are: organised motion simulating Langmuir cells, and disorganised motion simulating the turbulent velocity field associated with surface wind stirring. The depth and therefore light histories for a number of photosynthesising particles are calculated by these models, and used by the productivity model to calculate mean productivities. The results show that the influence of the time dependent nature of the productivity relationship depends on the ratio of the mixed layer depth to the euphotic depth, and to a less extent, on the rate at which the particles circulate in the mixed layer. 相似文献