土地利用现状图的矢量化方法研究

土地利用现状图的数字化是建立土地利用数据库的主要技术手段之一,图斑作为土地利用现状图的主要要素,其矢量化方法的优化与否不仅关系着整个数据采集的进程,而且还将影响到土地信息系统的稳定与否。文章针对传统的图斑矢量化引起的面域交叉、对象撕裂等问题研究提出了基于弧段的图斑矢量化方法,并通过线状地物与图斑的叠合分析,建立线状地物...     

从东江调水后契爷石水库的水质和浮游植物群落结构特征

本文比较了太湖梅梁湾敞水区2004年秋季渔汛期刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)和间下鱵(Hyporhamphus intermedius)的食性,同时对不同食物的重要性、选择性以及两种鱼类食物的重叠进行了分析.结果表明,秋季刀鲚、间下鱵的食物主要由浮游甲壳动物、鱼和昆虫等组成.镖水蚤中的指状许水蚤(Schmackeria inopinus)是刀鲚最重要的食物,而间下鱵最重要的食物是裸腹溞(Moina sp.),而且摄食鱼和昆虫的比例远高于刀鲚.刀鲚和间下鱵对个体较大的指状许水蚤的选择性都比较高,对个体较小、而在太湖密度很高的象鼻溞(Bosmina spp.)都表现出主动回避.刀鲚与间下鱵的食物重叠系数较高,表明对竞争比较激烈,但要完全了解这两种鱼类的竞争关系,还要对它们在太湖的分布,不同发育阶段和不同季节的摄食情况进行详细的调查研究.     

Resource Partitioning Among Planktivorous Fish Larvae and Fry in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon

Resource partioning among the planktivorous stages of eight fish species occurring in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon was studied. Five species were migratory mullets that spawned in the sea (Liza ramada, L. aurata, L. saliens, Chelon labrosusandMugil cephalus), while the other three species were resident and spawned in the lagoon (Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpioandGambusia holbrooki).Mullet fry exhibited similar diets, based on the consumption of zooplanktonic Crustacea such as copepods and cladocerans, although adult chironomids were also important.Gambusia holbrookiandA. boyerifed on small prey such as copepod nauplii, copepodites and rotifers, whileC. carpioconsumed larger prey preferentially (cladocerans and copepods).According to the trophic overlap and niche width results, seven species pairs could be competing in the estuary, although further experimental evidence is still required.     

The Diets in Four Pacific Tube Blennies (Acanthemblemaria: Chaenopsidae): Lack of Ecological Divergence in Syntopic Species

Abstract. The diets of three syntopic Gulf of California Acanthemblemaria (A. balanorum, A. crock-eri and A. macrospilus) and A. castroi from the Galapagos Island are nearly uniformly composed of harpacticoid copepods and other small benthic-vagile or planktonic crustaceans. On occasion, large prey items such as crabs or other small fishes are taken. HORN'S index of niche overlap indicates that the three syntopic Acanthemblemaria are not separated along the food resource utilization axis. Slight variations in diets among the syntopic species seem to be related to differences in degree of microhabitat specialization.     

冰后期珠江三角洲沉积物通量的初步研究

从珠江三角洲283个钻孔资料中识别出了冰后期海侵旋回底界面,从269个钻孔中识别出了最大海侵面,记录了它们的埋深值,并由此计算了冰后期及其海侵和海退期间的沉积物总量,结果表明,珠江三角洲在冰后期及其海侵和海退期间的沉积物总量分别为114.09,36.70,77.39Gt.海退期沉积量大于海侵期.以现今珠江输沙量的约84%沉积在三角洲范围内计算得到冰后期珠江年均输沙量约为9.91Mt,6000a以来的年均输沙量约为15.35Mt.     

准噶尔盆地北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系高频层序地层与油气成藏模式

基于Vail经典层序地层学理论,运用岩芯、测井及地震资料,采用井震对比综合分析方法,建立了准噶尔盆地北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系层序地层格架,针对主要含油气体系域展开了高频层序划分,综合研究了含油气准层序的构造特征和成藏模式,并总结成藏特点,为白垩系隐蔽油气藏的勘探指明方向。结果表明：北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系可以划分为4个三级层序和6个体系域,油气显示主要分布在SQ2的低位体系域和水进体系域中,可将其划分为4个准层序组和14个准层序,并通过油气显示归位确定其中3个准层序为白垩系的含油气高频层序地层单元;白垩系底部3个含油气地层单元均为超覆尖灭,其构造形态可划分为沙南鼻突、西泉鼻突和北38鼻突;典型出油点主要形成了西泉鼻突成藏模式和北38鼻突成藏模式,前者为斜坡背景下岩性尖灭控藏,后者为构造与地层沉积尖灭复合控藏;白垩系成藏具有受鼻突构造、局部断裂、地层超覆尖灭线以及岩性突变带控制的特点。总之,准噶尔盆地北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系下一步勘探应以西泉鼻突与北38鼻突的地层超覆尖灭线附近发育的地层圈闭为主。     

塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组痕迹化石与海进期沉积及海进体系域

在层序地层学研究中,海进（transgrssion）常被认为是快速形成的,序列简单,并以少量沉积为特征。对塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组痕迹化石及沉积特征研究表明,海进期沉积及海进体系域比人们想象的要复杂,由三类沉积组成:（1）与海进侵蚀有关,包括海进滞留沉积,发育固底控制Glossifungites痕迹相;（2）与海进初期的海面缓慢上升或总体海进过程中的静止期有关,包括前滨和临滨砂泥岩,发育Skolithos痕迹相和近端Gruziana痕迹相;（3）与海面快速上升有关,包括滨外泥岩,发育远端Gruziana痕迹相。     

燕山西段及太行山区长城系底界的讨论

对燕山型长城系底部层位存在有不同的认识 ,从含钾盆地、大红峪海侵超覆、团山子组海进或海退的问题提出长城系底部地层属于大红峪组的观点。大红峪期时 ,燕山地区只存在一个含钾盆地 ,造成多层含钾页岩沉积 ,而串岭沟组不含钾。以前所划各组段的海侵超覆实为大红峪组的海侵超覆 ,是兴城运动在燕山西段的反映 ,其底部有明显的相变特征。由此把燕山西段及太行山区长城系底部层位重新划为大红峪组 ,则团山子组存在的不协调现象也就迎刃而解。同时还认为昌平德胜口剖面与青龙大杖子剖面几可逐层对比 ,阳原牛坊沟剖面与代表“青龙上升”的剖面相似 ,上述剖面应是大红峪海侵在燕山东西段的反映     

Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a transgressive, muddy gravel beach: Waterside Beach, Bay of Fundy, Canada

Sediments exposed at low tide on the transgressive, hypertidal (>6 m tidal range) Waterside Beach, New Brunswick, Canada permit the scrutiny of sedimentary structures and textures that develop at water depths equivalent to the upper and lower shoreface. Waterside Beach sediments are grouped into eleven sedimentologically distinct deposits that represent three depositional environments: (1) sandy foreshore and shoreface; (2) tidal‐creek braid‐plain and delta; and, (3) wave‐formed gravel and sand bars, and associated deposits. The sandy foreshore and shoreface depositional environment encompasses the backshore; moderately dipping beachface; and a shallowly seaward‐dipping terrace of sandy middle and lower intertidal, and muddy sub‐tidal sediments. Intertidal sediments reworked and deposited by tidal creeks comprise the tidal‐creek braid plain and delta. Wave‐formed sand and gravel bars and associated deposits include: sediment sourced from low‐amplitude, unstable sand bars; gravel deposited from large (up to 5·5 m high, 800 m long), landward‐migrating gravel bars; and zones of mud deposition developed on the landward side of the gravel bars. The relationship between the gravel bars and mud deposits, and between mud‐laden sea water and beach gravels provides mechanisms for the deposition of mud beds, and muddy clast‐ and matrix‐supported conglomerates in ancient conglomeratic successions. Idealized sections are presented as analogues for ancient conglomerates deposited in transgressive systems. Where tidal creeks do not influence sedimentation on the beach, the preserved sequence consists of a gravel lag overlain by increasingly finer‐grained shoreface sediments. Conversely, where tidal creeks debouch onto the beach, erosion of the underlying salt marsh results in deposition of a thicker, more complex beach succession. The thickness of this package is controlled by tidal range, sedimentation rate, and rate of transgression. The tidal‐creek influenced succession comprises repeated sequences of: a thin mud bed overlain by muddy conglomerate, sandy conglomerate, a coarse lag, and capped by trough cross‐bedded sand and gravel.     

Variations in the abundance of fisheries resources and ecosystem structure in the Japan/East Sea

Evidence supports the hypothesis that two climatic regime shifts in the North Pacific and the Japan/East Sea, have affected the dynamics of the marine ecosystem and fisheries resources from 1960 to 2000. Changes in both mixed layer depth (MLD) and primary production were detected in the Japan/East Sea after 1976. The 1976 regime shift appears to have caused the biomass replacement with changes in catch production of major exploited fisheries resources, including Pacific saury, Pacific sardine and filefish. Both fisheries yield and fish distribution are reflected in these decadal fluctuations. In the 1960s and 1990s, common squid dominated the catches whereas in the 1970s and 1980s, it was replaced by walleye pollock. In the post-1988 regime shift, the distribution of horse mackerel shifted westward and southward and its distributional overlap with common mackerel decreased. The habitat of Pacific sardine also shifted away from mackerel habitats during this period. To evaluate changes in the organization and structure of the ecosystem in the Japan/East Sea, a mass-balanced model, Ecopath, was employed. Based on two mass-balanced models, representing before (1970–75) and after (1978–84) the 1976 regime shift, the weighted mean trophic level of catch increased from 3.09 before to 3.28 after. Total biomass of species groups in the Japan/East Sea ecosystem increased by 15% and total catch production increased by 48% due to the 1976 regime shift. The largest changes occurred at mid-trophic levels, occupied by fishes and cephalopods. The dominant predatory species shifted from cephalopods to walleye pollock due to the 1976 regime shift. It is concluded that the climatic regime shifts caused changes in the structure of the ecosystem and the roles of major species, as well as, large variations in biomass and production of fisheries resources.