微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定铁和铝的研究

研究了低功率微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法（ＭＰＴ－ＡＥＳ）对Ｆｅ，Ａｌ的测定。样品经气动雾化后，分别以流动注射与连续式两种方式引入ＭＰＴ。考察了用这两种进样方式时ＭＰＴ－ＡＥＳ的分析性能，证明低功率ＭＰＴ－ＡＥＳ具有良好的分析特性。     

开敞水域中航槽流场的数值模拟

建立了一个模拟开敞水域中航槽流场的平面二维数学模型.利用该模型计算得到的流速分布与袁美琦、李安中等人试验值相吻合,并计算了相当于天然情况下(各种水深、挖深比及航槽与水流的不同交角)的流场,得到了各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽流速折减系数变化规律图,及各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽中流向与航槽轴线交角的变化规律图,为开敞水域中航槽选线设计提供了依据.     

Lagoon–tidal flat sedimentation in an epeiric sea: Proterozoic Bhander Group,Son Valley,India

The Bhander Group, the uppermost stratigraphic unit of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup in Son Valley, exhibits in its upper part a 550 m thick, muddy siliciclastic succession characterized by features indicative of deposition in a wave‐affected coastal, lagoon–tidal flat environment suffering repeated submergence and emergence. The basic architecture of the deposit is alternation of centimetre‐ to decimetre‐thick sheet‐like interbeds of coarser clastics (mainly sandstone) and decimetre‐thick mudstones. The coarser interlayers are dominated by a variety of ripple‐formed laminations. The preserved ripple forms on bed‐top surfaces and their internal lamination style suggest both oscillatory and combined flows for their formation. Interference, superimposed, ladder‐back and flat‐topped ripples are also common. Synsedimentary cracks, wrinkle marks, features resembling rain prints and adhesion structures occur in profusion on bed‐top surfaces. Salt pseudomorphs are also present at the bases of beds. The mudstone intervals represent suspension settlement and show partings with interfaces characterized by synsedimentary cracks. It is inferred that the sediments were deposited on a coastal plain characterized by a peritidal (supratidal–intertidal) flat and evaporative lagoon suffering repeated submergence and emergence due to storm‐induced coastal setup and setdown in addition to tidal fluctuations. The 550 m thick coastal flat succession is surprisingly devoid of any barrier bar deposits and also lacks shoreface and shelfal strata. The large areal extent of the coastal flat succession (c. 100,000 km²) and its great thickness indicate an extremely low‐gradient epeiric basin characterized by an extensive coastal flat sheltered from the deeper marine domain. It is inferred that the Bhander coastal flat was protected from the open sea by the Bundelkhand basement arch to the north of the Vindhyan basin, instead of barrier bars. Such a setting favoured accumulation of a high proportion of terrigenous mud in the coastal plain, in contrast to many described examples from the Proterozoic. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

pH influence on sorption characteristics of heavy metal in the vadose zone

Sorption is an important process in the modelling and prediction of the movement of heavy metals in unsaturated clay barriers. This experimental study investigates the effect of pH changes in the acidic range on the sorption characteristics of heavy metals such as: lead, copper and zinc in an unsaturated soil. A series of one-dimensional coupled solute and moisture leaching column tests, using different heavy metal solutions, were conducted on an unsaturated illitic soil at varying pH values. Variations of volumetric water content (VWC) with distance were measured for different time durations, and concentrations of heavy metals in the liquid and solid phases were analysed. Partitioning coefficient profiles of contaminants along the soil column were determined for each individual layer in the soil.

Results from column leaching tests showed that the sorption characteristics of heavy metals are controlled by many factors which should be taken into consideration, i.e. the VWC, time of wetting, soil pH, and the influent heavy metal concentrations. Simplification of K_d as a constant and of the VWC as a linear function cannot be considered a good assumption and may lead to an improper evaluation of the sorption phenomena and also to serious errors in predicting contaminant transport through unsaturated soils.     

上海市建设项目用地预审精细化管理研究

在对当前用地预审的审核内容、操作流程、重点难点进行深八分析基础上,结合上海市行政审批改革和规划国土整合优势,借鉴国内外部分地区土地审批制度特色,从信息化建设、完善标准体系和精细化管理等方面,对上海市建设项目的用地预审工作提出建议。     

移动荷载作用下土岩组合基坑吊脚桩变形分析

以青岛地区特有的土岩组合地质条件为背景,采用现场监测和Plaxis有限元模拟相结合的方法,研究了土岩基坑中吊脚桩在龙门吊移动荷载作用下的变形规律及动力响应。结果表明：桩身变形模拟结果与实测值吻合较好,基坑的变形主要发生在基坑上部软弱土层,吊脚桩嵌岩处产生应力集中;在龙门吊移动荷载作用下,桩顶水平位移较大,但其动力响应最小,而嵌岩处水平位移较小,但其动力响应最大;嵌岩处、桩身最大正弯矩处及最大负弯矩处的土压力动力响应较大,且移动荷载刚经过时刻影响最大。研究成果可为类似土岩结合地区深基坑支护设计提供参考。     

鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆异重流沉积新发现

水下重力流沉积作为重要的油气储层,已成为当前学术研究和油气工业共同关注的焦点.在鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7~长6油层组深湖相沉积中,发现一种不同于砂质碎屑流沉积和滑塌浊积岩的重力流成因砂岩.其沉积特征为一系列向上变粗的单元(逆粒序层)和向上变细的单元(正粒序层)成对出现;每一个粒序层组合内部的泥质含量变化(高-低-高)与粒度变化一致;上部正粒序层与下部逆粒序层之间可见层内微侵蚀界面;砂岩与灰黑色纯泥岩、深灰色粉砂质泥岩互层;粉砂质泥岩层内也表现出类似的粒度变化特征.通过岩芯观察和薄片鉴定,认为该岩石组合形成于晚三叠世深湖背景下的异重流(hyperpycnal flow)沉积.其沉积产物--hyperpycnite(异重岩?)以发育逆粒序和层内微侵蚀面而区别于其它浊积岩,逆粒序代表洪水增强期的产物,上部的正粒序层为洪水衰退期的沉积,逆粒序-正粒序的成对出现代表一次洪水异重流事件沉积旋回;层内微侵蚀面是洪峰期流速足以对同期先沉淀的逆粒序沉积层侵蚀造成的.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组异重岩的发现,不仅为探索陆相湖盆环境下的异重流沉积提供了一个范例,而且对于深水砂体成因研究、储层预测和油气勘探具有理论和现实意义.     

A simple method of estimating rock mass porosity and permeability

Conclusion A simple method of estimating fracture porosity and permeability based on empirical relations between fracture aperture andJRC andJCS can be developed. This shows very close correlation with existing data, using simple discontinuity models. There is quite a good correlation between fracture porosity and permeability and depth for larger initial apertures.     

长江倒灌鄱阳湖原因及发生条件的量化指标

江湖倒灌对鄱阳湖流域水动力变化和流域水环境保护等方面有重要影响,正确认识江湖倒灌原因和倒灌发生条件对明晰江湖倒灌作用机理、研究倒灌强度和倒灌影响范围等方面具有重要意义。在剖析江湖倒灌原因的基础上,从非恒定流洪水波传播的角度出发,结合鄱阳湖为"河相"、"湖相"时江湖倒灌的特点,提出了长江作用强度指标和鄱阳湖作用强度指标,在此基础上引入江湖作用综合强度函数,依据实测资料,分析研究了江湖作用综合强度函数的关系表达式、江湖倒灌发生条件及量化指标。经验证,所提出的江水倒灌量化指标可区分江湖顶托和江湖倒灌现象,可实现对鄱阳湖为"河相"、"湖相"时的江湖倒灌预测,且提高了预测江湖倒灌起止时间、总历时和年内发生次数的准确率,成果可用于江湖关系研究和鄱阳湖流域水资源综合利用工程实践中。     

土壤水全时空调控的初步探讨

农业是第一用水大户,有利利用土壤是实现黑龙港地区农业可持续发展的关键,本文分析了黑龙港地区主要作物需水与降水的关系,建立了作物生长条件包气带流动系统的概念,并以此为基础提出了土壤水全时空调控的概念,探讨了土壤水全时空调控的涵义与措施,指出土壤水调控是一系统工程,必须多种措施有机结合,简单介绍了王瞳试验场开展的田间土壤水调控试验成果。