This paper is a review on earthquake prediction and forecast research,progress in earthquake prediction work and pre-estimation of earthquake hazard degree in China in recent years.It indicates that China is the first country,the government of which has promoted and organized the state administration department on reduction of seismic hazards and ensured the socialization of earthquake prediction and forecast in the world.A program of earthquake prevention and protection and hazard reduction based on the results of research on earthquake occurrence regularities and prediction of earthquake preparation trend has been completed,and hence the socialization of results of earthquake prediction and forecast research can be expected to be in practice.The practical seismological works in last 20 years indicate that the earthquakes are not considered to be unpredictable,but it is a challenge remaining to be accepted.We are willing to cooperate with all friends who are engaged in earthquake prediction and forecas 相似文献
The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main drill hole (0–3000 m) in Donghai, southern Sulu orogen, consists of eclogite, paragneiss, orthogneiss, schist and garnet peridotite. Detailed investigations of Raman, cathodoluminescence, and microprobe analyses show that zircons from most eclogites, gneisses and schists have oscillatory zoned magmatic cores with low-pressure mineral inclusions of Qtz, Pl, Kf and Ap, and a metamorphic rim with relatively uniform luminescence and eclogite-facies mineral inclusions of Grt, Omp, Phn, Coe and Rt. The chemical compositions of the UHP metamorphic mineral inclusions in zircon are similar to those from the matrix of the host rocks. Similar UHP metamorphic P–T conditions of about 770 °C and 32 kbar were estimated from coexisting minerals in zircon and in the matrix. These observations suggest that all investigated lithologies experienced a joint in situ UHP metamorphism during continental deep subduction. In rare cases, magmatic cores of zircon contain coesite and omphacite inclusions and show patchy and irregular luminescence, implying that the cores have been largely altered possibly by fluid–mineral interaction during UHP metamorphism.
Abundant H2O–CO2, H2O- or CO2-dominated fluid inclusions with low to medium salinities occur isolated or clustered in the magmatic cores of some zircons, coexisting with low-P mineral inclusions. These fluid inclusions should have been trapped during magmatic crystallization and thus as primary. Only few H2O- and/or CO2-dominated fluid inclusions were found to occur together with UHP mineral inclusions in zircons of metamorphic origin, indicating that UHP metamorphism occurred under relatively dry conditions. The diversity in fluid inclusion populations in UHP rocks from different depths suggests a closed fluid system, without large-scale fluid migration during subduction and exhumation. 相似文献
Particle size analysis for samples from three last glacial cycle loess-palaeosol profiles along a northwestsoutheast transection
on the Chinese Loess Plateau has been carried out. The paleoclimatic significance of grain size indices has been obtained
by analyzing the fraction content variations and their comparisons with global ice volume and solar radiation variations.
The results show that (i) paleoclimatic significance of the grain size indices of loess-palaeosol deposit is different with
grain size fraction content and sampling points in Chinese Loess Plateau; (ii) the sub-coarse grain fraction is a good proxy
index of East Asia winter monsoon strength and therefore can be used to detect the global climate changes; (iii) the content
of sub-fine and fine grain fractions is influenced by both the input of sub-coarse grain fraction and pedogenesis; (iv) the
sub-coarse fraction exhibits a negative relationship with the sub-fine and fine fractlon.
Project supported by the 9.5 major project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the open grant of the State Key Laboratory of
Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
High-elevation mountains often constitute for basins important groundwater recharge sources through mountain-front recharge processes. These processes include streamflow losses and subsurface inflow from the mountain block. However, another key recharge process is from irrigation practices, where mountain streamflow is distributed across the irrigated piedmont. In this study, coupled groundwater fluctuation measurements and environmental tracers (18O, 2H, and major ions) were used to identify and compare the natural mountain-front recharge to the anthropogenically induced irrigation recharge. Within the High Atlas mountain front of the Ourika Basin, Central Morocco, the groundwater fluctuation mapping from the dry to wet season showed that recharge beneath the irrigated area was higher than the recharge along the streambed. Irrigation practices in the region divert more than 65% of the stream water, thereby reducing the potential for in-stream groundwater recharge. In addition, the irrigation areas close to the mountain front had greater water table increases (up to 3.5 m) compared with the downstream irrigation areas (<1 m increase). Upstream crops have priority to irrigation with stream water over downstream areas. The latter are only irrigated via stream water during large flood events and are otherwise supplemented by groundwater resources. These changes in water resources used for irrigation practices between upstream and downstream areas are reflected in the spatiotemporal evolution of the stable isotopes of groundwater. In the upstream irrigation area, the groundwater stable isotope values (δ18O: −8.4‰ to −7.4‰) reflect recharge by the diverted stream water. In the downstream irrigation area, the groundwater isotope values are lower (δ18O: −8.1‰ to −8.4‰) due to recharge via the flood water. In the nonirrigation area, the groundwater has the highest stable isotope values (δ18O: −6.8‰ to −4.8‰). This might be due to recharge via subsurface inflow from the mountain block to the mountain front and/or recharge via local low altitude rainfall. These findings highlight that irrigation practices can result in the dominant mountain-front recharge process for groundwater. 相似文献
This study investigates the statistical linkage between summer rainfall in China and the
preceding spring Eurasian snow water equivalent (SWE), using the datasets of summer rainfall
observations from 513 stations, satellite-observed snow water equivalent, and atmospheric circulation
variables in the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis during the period from 1979 to 2004. The first two coupled
modes are identified by using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The leading SVD mode of
the spring SWE variability shows a coherent negative anomaly in most of Eurasia with the opposite
anomaly in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia. The mode displays strong interannual
variability, superposed on an interdecadal variation that occurred in the late 1980s, with persistent
negative phases in 1979--1987 and frequent positive phases afterwards. When the leading mode is in its
positive phase, it corresponds to less SWE in spring throughout most of Eurasia. Meanwhile, excessive
SWE in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia, summer rainfall in South and Southeast
China tends to be increased, whereas it would be decreased in the up-reaches of the Yellow River. In
recent two decades, the decreased spring SWE in Eurasia may be one of reasons for severe droughts in
North and Northeast China and much more significant rainfall events in South and Southeast China. The
second SVD mode of the spring SWE variability shows opposite spatial variations in western and eastern
Eurasia, while most of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia are in phase. This mode significantly correlates
with the succeeding summer rainfall in North and Northeast China, that is, less spring SWE in western
Eurasia and excessive SWE in eastern Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau tend to be associated with decreased
summer rainfall in North and Northeast China. 相似文献