川东南—黔中及其周边地区下组合烃源岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境意义

笔者采用ICP-MS测试分析技术,对川东南-黔中及其周边地区震旦-志留纪地层28件样品进行了B、V、Ni、Sr、Ba、Th、U等指示沉积环境的敏感微量元素做了系统测试分析,采用GB/T14506.28-93硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法和X射线荧光光谱法测定主要元素和微量元素含量,并探讨了Sr/Ba、V/Ni、V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ca、Ca/Mg、Th/U比值与沉积环境的对应关系.分析结果表明,本区下组合沉积环境主要为半深海、深海及浅海滞流环境.元素空间分布的差异性反映了沉积环境的区域性变化.     

东昆仑野马泉铁铜矿区矿物特征研究

东昆仑是当前成矿研究的热点区域,前人对该地区做了大量的成矿学与构造学研究[1-2],但对区域内的矿物以及矿区围岩的化学元素、微量元素等的研究不够精细。为进一步认识矿区与区域矿物特征,分析矿区成矿作用,通过对矿区矿物的标本观察,偏光显微镜观察,等离子体质谱仪分析等,对东昆仑野马泉矿区围岩的蚀变、化学元素、微量元素和矿区的矿物特征、化学元素、微量元素进行研究。结合前人研究成果,认为,该地区成床主要成矿物质来源为早古生代在祁漫塔格地区形成的一套由变质橄榄岩、堆晶杂岩、中酸性火山岩、硅质岩、碳酸岩等构成的岩石组合;野马泉地区主矿区的成矿类型为层控型热液反应改造型矿床;成矿元素Zn、Co、Ni、Cr、Ti等含量均高出地壳的丰度值。     

测井曲线特征在贵州省兴达井田煤岩层对比中的应用

贵州兴达井田含煤9-17层,其中K1、K2、K3、K4四层煤较稳定,为主要可采煤层。依据钻孔资料,分析测井曲线形态与煤层顶底板以及上下标志层间的组合关系,对井田的煤岩层进行了对比。该井田K1煤层常分叉为K1上、K1下两个分层,其直接顶板高视电阻率异常,三叠系至K1煤层组间自上而下的缓坡状视电阻率曲线形态与自然伽马幅值相对较高的组合特征可作为二叠系含煤地层与三叠系地层划分依据;K2煤层位于龙潭组顶部,下距长兴组灰岩标志层10m左右,煤层本身高伽马异常;K3、K4煤层及其底板具较高的自然伽马特征。     

内蒙拜仁达坝银铅锌多金属矿床地球化学异常分带模型研究

拜仁达坝银锌多金属矿床为岩浆热液矿床,通过分析该矿床不同中段微量元素和烃类组分的含量变化特征及其异常展布规律,建立了该矿床的地球化学异常分带模型。     

Permian volcanic rocks from the Apuseni Mountains (Romania): Geochemistry and tectonic constraints

An Early Permian volcanic assemblage is well exposed in the central-western part of the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). The rocks are represented by rhyolites, basalts and subordinate andesites suggesting a bimodal volcanic activity that is intimately associated with a post-orogenic (Variscan) syn-sedimentary intra-basinal continental molasse sequences. The mafic and mafic-intermediate rocks belong to sub-alkaline tholeiitic series were separated in three groups (I–III) showing a high Th and Pb abundances, depletion in Nb, Ta and Sr, and slightly enriched in LREE patterns (La_N/Yb_N = 1.4–4.4). Isotopically, the rocks of Group I have the initial ratios ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.709351–0.707112, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512490–0.512588 and high positive ?_Nd270 values from 3.9 to 5.80; the rocks of Group II present for the initial ratios values ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.709434–0.710092, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512231–0.512210 and for ?_Nd270 the negative values from −1.17 to −1.56; the rocks of Group III display for the initial ratios the values ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.710751–0.709448, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512347–0.512411 and for ?_Nd270 the positive values from 1.64 to 2.35. The rocks resembling continental tholeiites, suggest a mantle origin and were further affected by fractionation and crustal contamination. In addition, the REE geochemistry (1 > Sm_N/Yb_N < 2.5; 0.9 > La_N/Sm_N < 2.5) suggests that these rocks were generated by high percentage partial melting of a metasomatized mantle in the garnet peridotite facies. The felsic rocks are enriched in Cs, Rb Th and U and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, Eu, and Ti. The REE fractionation patterns show a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.23–0.40). The felsic rocks show the initial ratios the values: ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.704096–0.707805, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512012–0.512021 and for ?_Nd270 the negative values from −5.27 to −5.44. They suggest to be generated within the lower crust during the emplacement of mantle-derived magmas that provided necessary heat to crustal partial melting.     

空气滤膜采集大气浮尘样品中多元素的测定

用氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸体系对空气滤膜上附着的浮尘样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定溶液中15个主量和微量元素铁、铜、锌、镍、镧、铈、锂、锰、铬、镉、钴、铅、钍、铊、铀。将国家一级标准物质模拟浮尘样品加入空白滤膜进行测定,结果与标准值相符。各元素4次测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。     

Regional stratigraphy and distribution of epigenetic stratabound celestine, fluorite, barite and Pb–Zn deposits in the MVT province of northeastern Mexico

Northeastern Mexico hosts numerous epigenetic stratabound carbonate-hosted low-temperature hydrothermal deposits of celestine, fluorite, barite and zinc-lead, which formed by replacement of Mesozoic evaporites or carbonate rocks. Such deposits can be permissively catalogued as Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits. The deposits studied in the state of Coahuila are associated with granitic and metasedimentary basement highs (horsts) marginal or central to the Mesozoic Sabinas Basin. These horsts controlled the stratigraphy of the Mesozoic basins and subsequently influenced the Laramide structural pattern. The Sabinas Basin consists of ~6,000-m-thick Jurassic to Cretaceous siliciclastic, carbonate and evaporitic series. The MVT deposits are mostly in Barremian and in Aptian-Albian to Cenomanian formations and likely formed from basinal brines that were mobilized during the Laramide orogeny, although earlier diagenetic replacement of evaporite layers (barite and celestine deposits) and lining of paleokarstic cavities in reef carbonates (Zn–Pb deposits) is observed. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and isotopic studies suggest ore formation due to mixing of basinal brines and meteoric water. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions range from 45°C to 210°C; salinities range from 0 to 26 wt.% NaCl equiv., and some inclusions contain hydrocarbons or bitumen. Sulfur isotope data suggest that most of the sulfur in barite and celestine is derived from Barremian to Cenomanian evaporites. Regional geology and a compilation of metallogenic features define the new MVT province of northeastern Mexico, which comprises most of the state of Coahuila and portions of the neighboring states of Nuevo León, Durango and, perhaps extends into Zacatecas and southern Texas. This province exhibits a regional metal zonation, with celestine deposits to the south, fluorite deposits to the north and barite and Zn–Pb deposits mostly in the central part.     

牙形石微量元素对生物绝灭事件的响应: 以二叠-三叠系全球层型剖面第一幕绝灭事件为例

首次系统地利用浙江长兴煤山剖面牙形石化石, 依托中国地质大学(武汉) 地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室激光剥蚀等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS) 获取牙形石微区原位元素含量信息.结果显示, 牙形石的Ce异常和稀土总量出现快速的波动, 它们均反映出P/T之交环境(氧化-还原、生态条件等) 的不稳定性.这些微量元素特征可以很好地与古海洋环境和生物绝灭事件耦合.这一研究将为系统探索全球古生代末生物大灭绝及其后生物复苏的过程、时限与古海洋化学及古生态变化性质等问题的研究提供新的途径, 并有望对这些重要科学问题提供有效的制约.      

金沙龙凤煤矿测井曲线特征及其在煤岩层对比中的应用

龙凤煤矿含煤地层为海陆交互相的上二叠统龙潭组,含4号、5号、9号和13号四层可采煤层,其中5号煤层和9号煤层间距较小,煤层特征差异不明显,部分钻孔5号煤层和9号煤层的对比难度较大。根据所掌握的地质资料,结合测井成果,总结出该矿区所特有的测井曲线特征：煤系地层龙潭组的上覆地层夜郎组和长兴组分界处自然伽马和视电阻率曲线界面陡直特征;5号煤层顶板的自然伽马高异常与9号煤层底板的自然伽马高异常特征;13号煤层顶板的自然伽马高异常与15号煤层相对高自然伽马异常特征;15号煤层下伏地层茅口灰岩陡直视电阻率与自然伽马曲线特征。依据其测井曲线,准确的划分出二较厚煤层（约4m）、而相距仅6m的5煤层与9煤层。