攀西地区铂族元素地球化学异常分布及其筛选

攀西地区不同时代地层的水系沉积物中铂族元素地球化学背景值具有明显的规律性分布.笔者通过对该地区铂族元素含量在各地层中的分布以及地球化学异常的圈定、归并和分类,结合有关铂族矿床地球化学特征的认识,通过对水系沉积物中Pt、Pd综合异常的筛选,在铂族元素综合衬值异常图的基础上共划分出Ⅰ类异常4个、Ⅱ类异常19个、Ⅲ类异常23个以及Ⅳ类异常14个.初步筛选出的19个Ⅱ类异常子区可为进一步开展铂族矿床找矿工作提供依据.     

Numerical estimation of REV and permeability tensor for fractured rock masses by composite element method

The Monte Carlo method is used to generate parent stochastic discrete fracture network, from which a series of fractured rock samples of different sizes and orientations are extracted. The fracture network combined with a regular grid forms composite element mesh of the fractured rock sample, in which each composite element is composed of sub‐elements incised by fracture segments. The composite element method (CEM) for the seepage is implemented to obtain the nodal hydraulic potential as well as the seepage flow rates through the fractured rock samples. The application of CEM enables a large quantity of stochastic tests for the fractured rock samples because the pre‐process is facilitated greatly. By changing the sizes and orientations of the samples, the analysis of the seepage characteristics is realized to evaluate the variation of the permeability components, the existence of the permeability tensor and the representative element volume. The feasibility and effectiveness are illustrated in a numerical example. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite Element Modeling of Swelling Soil Pressures Using Joint/Interface Elements

There could be some discontinuities in a soil media such as layers, earth structures, cracks, and fissures so that estimation of stresses and deformations in these types of soil masses are somewhat different from continuous masses. The discontinuities in a soil mass could be considered as a special link between two blocks. Transmitted swelling pressures affected by the soil properties of the backfill especially at the interface between the backfill and retaining wall. In order to estimate the transmitted swelling pressure distribution behind a retaining wall, using with interface element, a new finite element model and a code (SWELPRES) have been developed. To evaluate the effect of backfill characteristics and interface element from the transmitted lateral swelling pressures, four cases of thickness of backfills with or without interface elements are investigated.     

甘肃庆城庄19井区上三叠统延长组长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征

长82亚油层组是甘肃庆城地区庄19井区上三叠统延长组中储集砂岩相对富集的层位,但砂岩低渗透性的特点显著,成为影响该区石油储产量增长的主要地质因素。结合前人的相关工作,通过钻井岩心观察、测井曲线分析、储层岩石实验测试等工作,详细地分析了庄19井区长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征,认为沉积微相和压实作用、胶结作用是控制低渗透性储集砂岩发育和分布的主要地质因素,寻找以水下分流河道微相为代表的有利储集相带砂岩体是油气勘探的重要方向。     

贵州修文小山坝铝土矿中镓等伴生元素分布规律研究

通过ICP-MS等分析方法对贵州小山坝铝土矿中伴生元素的研究,发现该矿床TiO2、Ga、Ge、Sc、Nb、Li和REE等有用伴生元素在铝土矿矿体中均有较高富集,其含量大多接近或超过了工业综合利用标准,具有较大的经济价值,特别是矿区富铁铝土矿石中Ga和Sc等含量异常高.贵州铝土矿资源丰富,其伴生元素在铝土矿冶炼过程中所产生的赤泥中更为富集,因此,贵州铝土矿综合利用前景十分巨大,这些元素潜在的经济价值,在某种程度上,甚至会超过主导产品氧化铝的价值.开展铝土矿中镓等伴生有用元素的分布及赋存状态的研究,对于镓等稀散元素在特殊地质地球化学环境中超常富集机制、矿产资源综合价值的重新认识评估和矿产资源的综合利用将十分重要,不仅可为铝工业注入新的活力,增加新的经济增长点,而且还可以解决大量赤泥堆放和利用问题,同时获得较大的社会效益与环境效益.     

黔东北地区钒矿物质组分研究

钒矿石的主要化学成份为SiO2和Al2O3,有机质总量一般为3.24%~10%,其次为TFe1.85%~3.25%,绝大部分V2O5含量均在1%左右,少部分大于2%;伴生元素以Mo、Ag、Cu、TiO2、P2O5、Ni、Co为主。     

冲绳海槽有孔虫壳体的微量元素Sr,Nd同位素地球化学

钙质生物壳的微量元素组合和Sr,Nd同位素组成是识别海底混合源沉积物中生物源物质相对贡献的重要参数.冲绳海槽有孔虫壳体强烈富集Sr,P,Mn和Ba,富集Li,U,Th,Sc,Co,Pb,Zn,Cr,Rb,Y,Sb和轻稀土元素,弱富集V,Ga,Zr,Nb,Cd和中稀土元素,相对贫Ge,Mo,In,Sn,Cs,Hf,Ta,W,Tl,Bi和重稀土元素,海水中微量元素的背景含量和生物活动对微量元素的选择性吸收是有孔虫壳体中微量元素发生富集和贫化的主要机制,冲绳海槽有孔虫壳体的稀土元素配分模式与海水和太平洋有孔虫的有明显差异,表现出中稀土元素相对富集,并具有微弱的负Ce异常.有孔虫壳体的Sr,Nd同位素比值也与大洋海水不同,分别为0.709769和0.512162,前者略高于大洋海水,后者略低于大洋海水,表明冲绳海槽海水明显受大陆河水影响.     

珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物的有机地球化学特征

本文根据有机地球化学资料,首次研究和探讨了珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物中有机质丰度和可溶有机质的组成特征。现代沉积物有机质丰度,有机碳为0.58％,氯仿沥青“A”为210ppm,烃含量为33.8ppm;钻孔中有机碳为0.77％,氯仿沥青“A”为253ppm,烃含量为16.4ppm。从有机质组成、红外吸收光谱特征、δ~(13)C、干酪根H/C原子比,均表现为陆生植物为主,水生生物为铺,为腐殖型或腐泥—腐殖型的母质类型。