气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

应用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物。对邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的提取溶剂进行了优化选择,确定二氯甲烷作为最佳提取溶剂。对色谱柱升温程序进行了优化,以使两个出峰时间较接近的目标物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)能够达到基线分离。方法标准曲线的线性范围为0.50～20.0mg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.9970,方法检出限为67μg/kg,加标回收率为81.9%～111.4%。方法检出限较低,精密度好,简便快速,可满足大批量样品分析对质量和进度的要求。     

水平定向钻进技术在浅层低渗透性含水层地下水开采中的试验研究

浅层低渗透性含水层埋深浅、渗透性低,难以用常规管井开采。利用水平定向钻井技术,可在含水层内长距离铺设过滤器,从而增大水井出水量。研制的贴砾过滤器,其性能经水平井试验验证满足水平井成井要求,取得了良好的试验效果。     

三峡小江回水区真光层深度及其影响因素分析

为探讨三峡水库运行初期小江回水区水体的光学特性,2007年5月~2008年5月对回水区5个断面水下光合有效辐射(PAR)与常规水质指标进行监测,分析了真光层深度的时空特征及其影响因素.研究区域真光层深度空间差异不明显,但季节变化显著,冬季最高,夏季最低.回归分析表明光合有效辐射(PAR)衰减系数与透明度、总悬浮物浓度有显著的相关性(R2=0.861 9,R2=0.764),与叶绿素a相关性不明显(R2=0.011 3).进一步研究分析表明真光层深度、总悬浮物浓度、叶绿素a主要受小江河口流量、小江回水区水位的影响,复杂的水动力条件与独特的水文条件是影响三峡水库小江回水区真光层深度变化的主要因素.     

基于RS技术的西藏甲玛铜多金属矿外围成矿预测研究

甲玛铜多金属矿经过一年的勘探工作,发现矿区外围工业矿体仍未圈闭,其找矿潜力巨大。为了验证在周边区域存在矿化的可能性,笔者运用遥感技术对矿区及其周边区域进行成矿预测研究,力图能为甲玛的进一步勘查提供依据。文中运用ETM+图像进行主成分分析、比值分析、MNF变换,通过蒙赛尔变换,形成HLS图像,根据Fe3+、Si、OH-在解译图像中显示出高亮度反射的特点,设定阈值,从而提取遥感矿化蚀变信息。解译结果与矿区IKONOS图像的蚀变、岩性解译结果相吻合,蚀变提取形态一致,从而确定了ETM+图像信息提取结果的正确性,证实了在甲玛及其外围采用ETM+图像提取与矿化有关的信息是可行的。引入ETM+图像TM6波段,合成746假彩色图像进行构造信息的解译,并综合构造的、蚀变的、地质的研究成果,利用GIS技术进行信息的分层提取和叠加分析,在甲玛铜多金属矿矿区周边圈定了6个找矿远景区,这些远景区主要分布在甲玛矿区的周围及其北部一定的辐射范围内,是甲玛矿区外围找矿的重点。目前该研究区域除甲玛、驱龙外,其他地方的勘查程度均较低,但文中采用ETM+图像提取各种成矿信息,再用高空间分辨率的IKONOS图像提取成矿信息,开展对比研究,验证了圈定的找矿远景区的客观性和正确性,从而可用于指导甲玛的外围及冈底斯成矿带的区域找矿勘查实践。     

460铀钼矿床综合回收初步研究

460铀钼矿床综合回收是采用铀钼矿样和钼矿样分别浸出→固液分离→两种浸出液混合→萃取和反萃取铀钼→分别精制铀钼产品的水冶工艺流程。铀钼矿的铀钼浸出率分别达到90%和75%以上,钼矿样钼的浸出率达70%以上,取得了稳定的工艺参数;铀钼分离取得了较好的结果,制出了合格的铀、钼产品。     

Speciation analysis of metals （Tl, Cd and Pb） in Tl-containing pyrite and its cinder from Yunfu Mine, China, by ICP-MS with sequential extraction

The speciation of heavy metals such as thallium, cadmium and lead existing in pyrite and pyrite cinder was analyzed by ICP-MS with a sequential extraction procedure. The distribution patterns of these metals including exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions were obtained. Tl, Cd and Pb in pyrite and pyrite cinder samples from each extraction step were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Under the optimized instrumental conditions, detection limits of Tl, Cd and Pb in different matrices were within the range of 0.006–0.07 μg/L, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.8% to 1.2%. The accuracy of Tl, Cd and Pb determination was checked by analyzing two certified reference materials. The results demonstrate that trace Tl, Cd and Pb in the samples can be accurately determined. The sequential extraction results revealed that the percent contents of Tl, Cd and Pb in exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable fractions in pyrite cinder are different from those in pyrite and in pyrite cinder. Tl, Cd and Pb mostly are distributed in residual fraction. Therefore, the mobility of metals in pyrite is higher than that in pyrite cinder. Although distributions of Tl, Cd and Pb in the non-residual fraction are not dominant in pyrite cinder, the total concentrations of them could not be ignored. Consequently, attention must be paid to the risk of potential pollution by pyrite cinder.     

Distribution and mode of occurrence of radionuclides in phosphogypsum derived from Aqaba and Eshidiya Fertilizer Industry,South Jordan

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the chemical reaction called the "wet process" whereby sul-phuric acid reacts with phosphate rock (PR) to produce phosphoric acid, needed for fertilizer production. Through the wet process, some impurities naturally present in the PR become incorporated in PG, including U decay-series radionuclides, are the main important concern which could have an effect on the surrounding environment and pre-vent its safe utilization. In order to determine the distribution and bioavailability of radionuclides to the surrounding environment, we used a sequential leaching of PG samples from Aqaba and Eshidiya fertilizer industry. The results showed that the percentages of 226Ra and 210Pb in PG are over those in the corresponding phosphate rocks (PG/PR), where 85% of the 226Ra and 85% of the 210Pb fractionate to PG. The sequential extraction results exhibited that most of 226Ra and 210Pb are bound in the residual phase (non-CaSO4) fraction ranging from 45%–65% and 55%–75%, respectively, whereas only 10%–15% and 10%–20% respectively of these radionuclides are distributed in the most labile fraction. The results obtained from this study showed that radionuclides are not incorporated with gypsum itself and may not form a threat to the surrounding environment.     

全国金矿资源潜力预测

利用"全国区域地球化学勘查数据库"等全国性基础地质数据库数据,对全国分区进行金成矿统计预测;根据信息量异常分布,结合大地构造背景、主要控矿因素等,将全国划分为64个金矿找矿远景区;并用信息量转换法估算全国1000m以浅金矿资源总量约为43500t,资源潜力36500t。     

Comparison of AnnAGNPS and SWAT model simulation results in USDA‐CEAP agricultural watersheds in south‐central Kansas

This study was conducted under the USDA‐Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) in the Cheney Lake watershed in south‐central Kansas. The Cheney Lake watershed has been identified as ‘impaired waters’ under Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act for sediments and total phosphorus. The USDA‐CEAP seeks to quantify environmental benefits of conservation programmes on water quality by monitoring and modelling. Two of the most widely used USDA watershed‐scale models are Annualized AGricultural Non‐Point Source (AnnAGNPS) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The objectives of this study were to compare hydrology, sediment, and total phosphorus simulation results from AnnAGNPS and SWAT in separate calibration and validation watersheds. Models were calibrated in Red Rock Creek watershed and validated in Goose Creek watershed, both sub‐watersheds of the Cheney Lake watershed. Forty‐five months (January 1997 to September 2000) of monthly measured flow and water quality data were used to evaluate the two models. Both models generally provided from fair to very good correlation and model efficiency for simulating surface runoff and sediment yield during calibration and validation (correlation coefficient; R², from 0·50 to 0·89, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency index, E, from 0·47 to 0·73, root mean square error, RMSE, from 0·25 to 0·45 m³ s^?1 for flow, from 158 to 312 Mg for sediment yield). Total phosphorus predictions from calibration and validation of SWAT indicated good correlation and model efficiency (R² from 0·60 to 0·70, E from 0·63 to 0·68) while total phosphorus predictions from validation of AnnAGNPS were from unsatisfactory to very good (R² from 0·60 to 0·77, E from ? 2·38 to 0·32). The root mean square error–observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) was estimated as excellent (from 0·08 to 0·25) for the all model simulated parameters during the calibration and validation study. The percentage bias (PBIAS) of the model simulated parameters varied from unsatisfactory to excellent (from 128 to 3). This study determined SWAT to be the most appropriate model for this watershed based on calibration and validation results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深源花岗岩中的碳氢化合物

利用石油地球化学的溶剂抽提和气相色谱技术研究了北京延庆碓臼峪花岗岩（深源花岗岩）样品中的可溶有机质，同时用高温处理过的石英砂进行空白对比实验。结果表明，所研究的两个花岗岩样品中均存在少量的高碳数碳氢化合物，且具有相同的成分特征。这为自然界存在深源的长链碳氢化合物提供了新的证据，也为解释花岗岩浆演化晚期水热流体中短链羧酸的成因提供了线索。