二氧化碳地质封存环境监测现状及建议

CO2地质封存是应对全球气候变化的新举措,许多国家都开展了相关的工程项目或研究。环境监测作为验证场址在当前以及较长一段时间后的合理性和安全性的重要手段,是工程实施的重要工作。对国内外CO2地质封存环境监测的相关工作以及项目所采用的监测技术进行总结,并利用监测选择工具MST得出中石化胜利油田CO2-EOR项目适用的监测技术,在此基础上提出该项目背景监测的对象、技术和频率等框架,为项目监测工作的开展提供参考依据,最后简略提出环境监测工作的方法和大纲。     

海底沉积地层保真取样钻具的设计及应用

钻探取样技术作为海洋地质调查和资源勘探的主要方法,在海洋探索领域占据着十分重要的地位。海底地层以松软沉积物为主,常规钻探回转取样的方法极易破坏样品原状性,且样品采取率低,难以满足科学研究的要求。研制了一种以泥浆泵压驱动的沉积物保真取样钻具,并结合绳索取心技术,实现海底沉积地层保真取样。试验证明,该海底沉积地层保真取样钻具取样成功率高、作业效率高,所采取样品原位性、原状性好,完全满足海洋地质和土工实验等对样品的严格要求。     

一种同轴双向回转模式的钻具结构设计及振动模拟

钻进时的振动会引起钻具疲劳失效和损坏,为提高井下钻具的稳定性,本文设计了依靠行星齿轮系驱动内外钻头同轴双向回转的钻具结构。通过对其核心的齿轮、密封、轴承等部件进行的强度校核,证明该结构的设计强度能够满足正常的使用工况。同时基于数值模拟对该结构的振动效果进行了验证,将钻进时钻头与岩石的相互作用简化为简谐荷载,对双向回转钻具整体结构进行谐响应分析。结果显示,相比于普通单向回转钻进结构,同等条件下双向回转的钻具结构能够有效抑制扭转振动。     

新型集土式扩底钻具的研制与试验应用

针对现有机械式扩底钻具在旋挖钻进施工过程中存在扩孔与取土、清孔分离、工序复杂、孔内沉渣难以清理干净、施工效率低等问题,研制了新型集土式扩底钻具。重点介绍了扩底桩设计理论,集土扩底钻具结构设计,关键零部件有限元数值分析和优化改进,以及样机试制和现场试验。试验结果表明：新型集土式扩底钻具集扩孔、集土功能于一体,减少了工艺步骤,提高了工作效率,满足了旋挖钻进扩底桩的施工需求。     

天文星表入库的自动化

天文数据主要包括星表、星图、光谱、文献资料等,其中星表是包含天体信息的数据表格,是天文学家最常用到的天文数据。目前天文数据分布存储在全球各个数据中心。中国最大的天文数据中心是北京天文数据中心,其数据库的重要部分是天文星表数据库。本文阐述了建设天文星表数据库的意义,着重探讨了星表自动入库工具的实现,并介绍了在天文星表数据库基础上的数据融合和数据挖掘。     

Current Status and Advance of Tidal-Bore Deposit Study

Tidal bore is hydraulic jump during the process of tide flooding with the tide wave moving upstream. They are widely distributed in the estuary zone with high tidal range and funnel-shaped planeform. Tidal bore deposit study is important for further understanding about paleogeomorphology, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate of areas near the estuaries, and sandbody formed by tidal bore deposit could be potential oil and gas reservoir. Researches about tidal bore have been always concentrated on hydraulic characteristics of tidal bore and its influences on estuary environment and engineering, while the study on tidal bore deposit is rarely reported. One of the most important causes is the complex hydrodynamic conditions in the estuary zone. Deposits characteristics is complicated in this zone due to comprehensive effects of river flow, waves and tides. It is hard to affirm the preservation probability of tidal bore deposits, especially in the ancient rock record. In view of this, current status and forecast about tidal-bore deposit study were expounded in this study based on comprehensive summary and discussion about typical tidal bore deposit data and reports. Criteria for recognition of tidal-bore deposits were described in detail on the aspects of sedimentary structures, grain size distribution, and facies model. One of the most critical diagnostic marks of tidal bore was a special undulating erosion surface with a series of irregular and stepped excavations on it. This surface was formed by cyclic pressure loading induced by the passage of a tidal bore. In addition, the cross-bedding inclined upstream, soft sediment deformation structures and massive sandstone on the erosion surface were also important marks of a tidal bore deposit. Problems existing in current research were discussed and some suggestions were proposed. Various methods and technology should be used to perfect tidal bore facies model, and research on diagenesis and reservoir features of sandbody formed by tidal bore should be strengthened in the future. Sandbody formed by tidal bore of different types (breaking tidal bore and undular tidal bore) should be distinguished to deepen the understanding of their various hydrodynamic conditions and reservoir scale. Tidal bore is significant geological process in estuary zone, and deposits formed by it makes great influence on the geomorphology of this area, which should be paid more attention.     

FGC－15型大直径单头潜孔锤钻具系统研制

大直径单头潜孔锤与三通道气水龙头、主动钻杆、三通道钻杆、加重导正器配套，可实现大直径潜孔锤碎岩钻进、泵吸反循环排渣、泥浆护壁、压气闭路循环等相结合的先进钻进工艺，是解决大直径硬质基岩及卵砾石钻进的有效机具。文中介绍了钻具研制过程及设计内容。     

定向钻进控制预测技术

定向钻井技术在矿产勘探及开发、煤层气开发中正发挥重大作用。准确预测定向钻井井底井斜和方位角,可降低定向钻井成本,减少定向钻进失误。目前使用的计算方法不利于现场快速准确预测井底轨迹。本文通过对井斜、方位与造斜工具角、造斜井长和造斜率的数据处理技术,建立了井底井斜和方位增量预测模型,与通用定向井公式比,精度高,且可在井场快速预测出定向钻井井底轨迹参数。经土耳其46对对接井实际证明,大大地提高井底预测速度和防止定向钻进失误率,对指导定向钻井现场快速预测具有指导意义。     

三江盆地富地1井软塑地层钻探技术

具有中生界海相和海陆相交互沉积、且被多次构造运动改造后的三江盆地,其覆盖层均为软塑地层,并且厚度较大;针对三江盆地厚覆盖层软塑地层保直钻进施工存在的难点,从钻进方法、井身结构、钻井液护壁、工艺措施等方面进行研究,分析得出适合于在三江盆地软塑地层不下套管的情况下,实施保直取心钻进的技术措施,并且在生产实践中解决了钻进技术难点,取得较好的经济效果。     

气举反循环钻进工艺在3512 m深的京热164号井中的应用

经过多次的技术改革和生产实践的检验,气举反循环钻探工艺目前已成功钻进至3512 m深度。与泥浆正循环相比,体现出了高效率、低成本和利于洗井、成井的特点,解决了目的层漏失的问题。