浅谈如何在投标阶段控制岩土工程造价

以岩土施工企业的角度论述岩土项目,在投标阶段对工程造价控制的重要性,以及如何在投标阶段通过优化技术设计、优化施工组织设计进行造价控制,通过招标文件及合同条款进行投标报价,并通过将成本控制提前到投标阶段以有效解决施工阶段容易出现的各种问题,提前控制岩土工程工程造价。     

微型桩桩顶与基础相连的支护方法在紧邻建筑物基坑中的应用

紧邻建筑物的基坑因空间十分狭小,支护难度很大。结合天津一个基坑工程,介绍了一种微型桩桩顶与基础相连的支护方法。工程实践表明,该方法能够有效控制支护结构水平位移,保证支护结构安全,减小对紧邻基坑的建筑物的影响,降低基坑支护造价,施工便捷,对紧邻建筑物的基坑工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Research on Biofacies their Provincialization of Middle Permian-MiddleTriassic in the western Sichuan Basin

The research area is located in the western part of Sichuan basin as a Yangtze ecotope of Cathaysian Tethyan area. It is dominated by benthic fauna, including brachiopods, Fusulinids, corals, bivalves, foraminifers, ammonites, bryozoans, Crinoids and pleopods are less common with traces of trilobites, stromatoporas, nautilus and sporopollens seen in one or two areas,which are obviously controlled by sedimentary environments in accordance with sedimentary facies. On the basis of division and research of biological communities and according to the combination of communities with sedimentary characteristics, six kinds of biofacies have been recognized and described in the study area,i.e. benthic biofacies of restricted platform, benthic biofacies of open platform, benthic biofacies of inner gentle slope, benthic biofacies of outer gentle slope, benthic biofacies of shelf slope and swimming biofacies of deep-water basin. Based on the study of middle Permian to middle Triassic biofacies,biofacies pattern are established, category, ecotype, typical community, sedimentary facies and oil bearing of each biofacies are elucidated in this paper. According to the association law of biofacies in time and space, the ahthors think that there are three biofacies provinces in the study area, i.e., platform biofacies province, slope biofacies province and basin biofacies province.The distribution characteristics of bioface types indicates that the platform-type and ramp-type biofacies are mainly distributed in the subject of the study area. It indicates that their distribution are mainly controlled by Yangtze platform. But the bioface of deep water basin type biofacies and basin biofacies province are mainly distributed at the edge of study area, indicating that they are mainly controlled by the Longmen trough. The study of biofacies and their provincialization of Middle Permain-Middle Triassic in the Western Sichuan Basin is a reference for the reconstruction of paleogeography and paleo-plate.Therefore, the research is meaningful for the analysis of paleogeography, tectonics and their evoulution of the Sichuan Basin.     

滇西南两次飑线过程的地闪演变特征分析

利用雷电定位资料、多普勒雷达资料和FY-2E卫星资料对发生在滇西南的两次台风低压西行形成飑线过程的地闪变化特征进行了对比分析,结果表明：2次飑线过程均以负地闪占主导地位,“7．17”过程正、负地闪频数峰值均出现在飑线成熟阶段,正地闪峰值超前于负地闪峰值10～15min;正、负地闪集中发生在冷中心区后侧的温度梯度大值区和辐合线附近回波强度t〉40dBz、回波顶高≥12km的强回波区域;“9．22”过程正地闪频数呈单峰型变化,负地闪出现3个峰值,对应着3次飑线发展,密集负地闪出现在前侧TBB温度梯度大值区和强回波区左后侧强度≥40dBz、回波顶高≥12km的强回波区;负地闪减弱阶段正地闪开始活跃正地闪出现在后侧冷云中心。两次飑线过程中-10℃层回波强度的跃增总超前于负地闪的跃增6—30min左右。     

AffectRoute – considering people’s affective responses to environments for enhancing route-planning services

Humans perceive and evaluate environments affectively. Some places are experienced as unsafe, while some others as attractive and interesting. These affective responses to environments influence people’s daily behavior and decision-making in space, e.g., choosing which route to take, or which place to visit. In this article, we report on a methodology of using people’s affective responses to environments for enhancing computer-based route planning. More specifically, we explore a crowdsourcing approach to model and collect people’s affective responses to environments; an Affect-Space-Model and a mobile application are developed to facilitate this crowdsourcing approach; a routing algorithm (named AffectRoute) is then proposed to aggregate and integrate the collected data for automatic route planning. Evaluation with human participants shows that the routes generated by considering people’s affective responses to environments are significantly preferred over the conventional shortest ones, which are employed in car navigation systems and many online route planners. In conclusion, considering people’s affective responses to environments contributes to the improvement of automatic route planning. The proposed method can be integrated into existing route-planning services (e.g., location-based services) to provide users with more satisfying routing results.     

地理学空间研究的转向:从自然到社会、现实到虚拟

在介绍地理空间内涵与学科内分异的基础上,重点介绍了地理学空间研究的两个转向,即从自然空间转向社会空间、从现实空间转向虚拟空间。研究表明:地理空间是一个相对明确的概念,但其内涵也在不断发展之中,特别是在人文地理学从自然地理学中分离出来以后;地理学三大分支所关注的地理空间差别极大,其中自然地理学对应自然空间,人文地理学对应社会空间,地理信息科学对应地理信息空间;地理学空间研究的第一个转向是由自然空间转向社会空间,其包括地理空间研究重点的转变以及对空间本质认知的转变两方面;地理学空间研究的第二个转向是由现实空间转向虚拟空间,这里的虚拟空间包括感知空间和网络空间;地理空间由自然向社会的转向反映了与人类发展的同步性,而由现实向虚拟的转向则反映了与技术进步的一致性。     

Responses to two-way selection on growth in mass-spawned F1 progeny of Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say)

A bstract In the present study,the effect of one-generation divergent selection on the growth and survival of the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians concentricus)was examined to evaluate the effi cacy of a selection program currently being carried out in Beibu Bay in the South China Sea.A total of 146 adult scallops were randomly selected from the same cultured population of A.i.concentricus,and divided into two groups in shell length(anterior-posterior measurement): large(4.91–6.02 cm,n=74)and small(3.31–4.18 cm,n=72).At the same time,a control group was also randomly sampled(4.21–4.88 cm,n=80).Mass-spawned F 1 progenies from the three size groups were obtained and reared under identical conditions at all growth phases.The effects of two-way(or upward-downward)selection on fertilization rate,hatching rate,survival rate,daily growth in shell length and body weight were assessed in the three size groups.Results show that signifi cant differences(P0.01)were found in hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of F 1 progenies,but not in fertilization rate(P0.05),among the three groups.The hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of the progeny of large-sized parents were greater than those of the control group(P0.05),which in turn were larger than those of small-sized group(P0.05).Responses to selection by shell length and body weight were 0.32±0.04 cm and 2.18±0.05 g,respectively,for the upward selection,and-0.14±0.03 cm and-2.77±0.06 g,respectively,for the downward selection.The realized heritability estimates of shell length and body weight were 0.38±0.06 cm and 0.22±0.07 g for the upward selection,and 0.24±0.06 cm and 0.37±0.09 g for the downward selection,respectively.The change in growth by bidirectional selection suggests that high genetic variation may be present in the cultured bay scallop population in China.     

菲律宾蛤仔不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应及现实遗传力

对菲律宾蛤仔中的斑马蛤、黑斑马、白斑马三品系进行混合选择,测量了各实验组的壳长,计算了不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明:3个品系的上选组壳长均大于对照组,说明单向上选是行之有效的遗传改良方法。在不同的生长发育阶段,斑马蛤品系的选择反应(R)和现实遗传力(2Rh)出现阶段性变化,从平均水平上看,R在幼虫期为0.688±0.184,稚贝期为0.605±0.214,养成期为0.670±0.120;2Rh在幼虫期为0.392±0.081,稚贝期为0.344±088,养成期为0.380±0.058。从一周年的生长情况来看,三个品系总的R为0.654±0.179,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的R分别为0.655±0.155、0.525±0.116、0.782±0.170;三个品系总的2Rh为0.373±0.070,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的2Rh分别为0.372±0.042、0.300±0.028、0.445±0.031。不同品系间R和2Rh次序为白斑马斑马蛤黑斑马,说明各斑马蛤品系的选择效果是不同的,品系间存在着一定程度的遗传差异。     

高填方机场边坡变形监测新方法

分析高填方机场边坡变形监测传统方法的不足,提出应用单台全站仪的自由设站变形监测方法,应用基于光束法平差的多测站观测值统一解算的数据处理方法,并在实际工程中与GPS方法进行比对,论证该方法的正确性和优越性,为今后解决类似工程问题提供借鉴.     

基于认知风格的遥感导论实验教学体系的建立与实践

从认知风格理论出发,顺应学习者的认知风格差异,建立多层次、一体化的实验教学体系,并从实验教学的内容、过程、环境与考核出发,构建个性化的学习平台,以培养学习者的实践能力与创新精神。