藏北羌塘盆地中部地壳低速层分布与动力学意义

为了调查羌塘盆地中部壳内低速层分布特征,对布设在羌塘盆地的TITAN-I宽频带地震台站所记录的远震波形数据进行接收函数分析,并引入时频域相位滤波技术改善接收函数信噪比,反演得到各台站下方100 km深度范围内的一维S波速度结构.结果表明,时频域相位滤波方法能够显著提高信噪比;羌塘盆地Moho深度为58±6 km,具有较高的泊松比值;中下地壳壳内低速层广泛分布,横向不连续,埋深在20~30 km,层厚6~12 km,剪切波速度为3.4±0.1 km/s;部分地区在埋深为10 km的中上地壳存在一层厚约4 km的低速薄层.羌塘盆地中下地壳壳内低速层是由于上涌的深部软流圈物质与下地壳发生大范围的接触,造成壳内及上地幔部分熔融引起的.     

Pseudotachylyte-Induced Weakness of Plate-Boundary Fault:Insight from the Indus-Tsangpo Suture between India and Asia

Although the Indus-Tsangpo Suture(ITS) is the most spectacular thrust system of continent-continent collision in the world, fundamental questions about its strength evolution and deformation behavior transition remain unanswered. Here we reported, for the first time, frictional melting-induced pseudotachylytes in the intensively deformed felsic rocks along the ITS zone in southern Tibet. This study reveals that pseudotachylytes induced profound weakness of the boundary fault between Indian and Asian plates. The intrinsically low strength of the foliated microlites crystallized from frictional melt or glass(i.e., pseudotachylyte) at seismogenic depths compared with the surrounding coarse-grained quartzofeldspathic rocks in the brittle and semi-brittle regime is sufficient to explain the localization of shear strain, the development of ductile shear zones embedded in strong wall rocks, and the transition from the strong to weak fault behaviors without invoking the presence of high fluid pressure or low friction coefficient metasomatic materials(e.g., smectite or lizardite) within the faults.     

Using the Maximum Effective Moment Criterion to Interpret Quartz <c>‐Fabric Patterns

The Maximum Effective Moment (MEM) criterion predicts that the initial orientation of ductile shear zones and shear bands is ~55° relative to the maximum principal stress axis (σ1) and that the kinematic vorticity number (Wk) is ~0.94. These preferred orientations should be reflected in the pattern of quartz -fabrics in shear zones and shear bands. Common quartz -fabrics in plane strain can be divided into low-temperature (L) and high-temperature (H) fabrics, with each group showing three patterns. A steady flow with a constant value of Wk≈0.94 gives rise to L-1 and H-1 patterns, which are commonly characterized by a single axis girdle normal to the shear zone and a single -point maximum parallel to the shear zone.Once the conjugate set develops, L-1 and H-1 have opening angles of ~70° and ~110°, respectively. L-2 and H-2 are asymmetric patterns associated with variable deformation partitioning and vorticity values of 0< Wk<0.94. In contrast, L-3 and H-3 are symmetric patterns associated with 100% deformation partitioning and Wk=0. The opening angle in quartz -fabrics is implicitly linked to the temperature during deformation. The opening angle is ~70° at low temperature and ~110° at high temperature. However, a linear correction between the opening angle and the temperature cannot be established. During deformation partitioning, synthetic shear bands form earlier than antithetic bands and are more easily developed. This may result in opening angles of <70° for low-temperature fabrics and of >110° for high-temperature fabrics. The following criteria can be used to recognize reworked shear zones that have experienced multiple orogenic phases and changes in the stress state: 1) the initial Wk is larger or smaller than ~0.94; 2) the change in Wk is abrupt, rather than progressive; 3) inconsistent shear senses are inferred for the different phases of deformation; and 4) a negative value of Wk is found in reworked shear zones.     

江苏页岩气资源调查地球物理方法技术集成

为了提高综合地球物理方法在页岩气勘探中的应用效果,基于江苏页岩气资源调查与评价工作资料,在页岩气资源早期调查评价阶段进行地球物理方法技术集成,目标是建立一套能够适应江苏以往资料积累状况和复杂构造条件下的有效勘探技术组合,以达到识别不同时期的海相、海陆过渡相、陆相页岩层位的目的。结果表明,通过勘探网络的优化、勘探手段的优选和物性参数的分析,以及先进勘探手段和处理方法的引入,对江苏下扬子区4套页岩地层分别提出了有效的技术组合,大幅降低了调查成本,进一步提高了解释精度和识别能力。     

时频分析在地层旋回性分析中的应用

时频分析技术是一项十分有效和直观的地震资料特殊解释技术,它通过一定的处理方法,把时间域的数据转换为频率域时频数据,时频分析在地质勘探中具有广泛的应用,表现在地层旋回性方面,它可以实现对不同类型沉积旋回的研究、层序界面的追踪和对比以及不同规模沉积旋回的研究。     

小波变换在煤田高分辨地震资料处理中的应用研究

研究了小波变换的定义及小波变换的性质，构造了适合于我们要求的子波序列。用小波变换作一维滤波克服了传统的窗口傅里叶方法易出现的吉布斯效应。用小波变换的多分辨率成像技术适当地选择小波函数和伸缩尺度参数，让薄层的局部化特征明显，提高地震剖面对薄层的分辨率，让薄层的局部特征明显地表现出来，精确地进行分析判定。     

含裂隙组岩体的稳定问题

借鉴单晶体塑性理论,构建了岩体的多屈服面模型,用以模拟岩体中初始存在的多组裂隙。通过重构屈服函数,及简单的两种情况表明,可以采用常用的屈服准则作为屈服函数。随后,使用该多屈服面模型,分析了包含初始裂隙组岩体的稳定问题。在算例中研究了硬化模量随局部化条带方向的变化规律,并分析了不同破坏模式对临界硬化模量和临界局部化条带方向的影响。分析表明,该模型用于分析裂隙岩体的稳定问题是可行的。     

南秦岭铁瓦殿岩体岩石谱系单位特征

将铁瓦殿岩体划分为5个岩石谱系单位，厘定为2个超单元，即铁瓦殿超单元和马院子超单元。研究认为：铁瓦殿超单元形成于消减带活动板块边缘环境，其岩浆物质来源于上部地壳，以类岩墙扩张形式被动顶蚀上侵定位，是新元古代活动陆缘聚合作用的产物；马院子超单元形成于造山晚期－晚造山期消减带环境，其岩浆物质来源于上部地壳，以类岩墙扩张－底劈形式上侵定位，是印支－燕山造山期陆内裂槽聚合作用的产物。     

一种双目直接法视觉里程计

视觉里程计是机器人确定自身在周围环境中位置的关键技术,具有测量漂移小、精确的特点,适合较长时间的自主定位。提出一种使用双目相机的直接法视觉里程计,使用双目影像对与时序影像对之间的光度误差联合优化关键帧的位置与姿态、相机内参数、地图点坐标,并在车载道路基准数据集KITTI上进行测试,获得了良好的效果。     

Localization analysis in softening RC frame structures

This paper discusses the sensitivity of softening reinforced concrete frame structures to the changes in input ground motion and investigates the possibility of localizations for this type of structure in static and dynamic analysis. A finite element model is used in which the sections resisting force are calculated using a proposed differential hysteretic model. This model is especially developed for modelling softening behaviour under cyclic loading. To obtain parameters of the differential model the moment–curvature of each section is evaluated using a microplane constitutive law for concrete and bi‐linear elasto‐plastic law for reinforcements. The capability of the procedure is verified by comparing results with available experimental data at element level, which shows good accuracy of the procedure. The effect of possible changes in ground motion is assessed using a non‐stationary Kanai–Tajimi process. This process is used to generate ground motions with approximately the same amplitude and frequency content evolution as those of base ground motion. The possibility of localization in static and dynamic loading is investigated using two structures. A measure for the possibility of localization in code‐designed structures is obtained. This study indicates that localization may occur in ordinary moment‐resisting structures located in high seismic zones. Localization may result in substantial drift in global response and instability due to P–δ effect. Also, it is shown that the structure becomes very sensitive to the input ground motion. It is concluded that allowance by some design codes of the use of ordinary moment‐resisting frames in regions with high seismicity should be revised or improvements should be made in the detailing requirements at critical sections of these structures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.