中国民用运输机场的可达性溢出效应研究

交通基础设施投资的“利己利人”甚至“损己利人”现象使得空间溢出效应一直是研究的热点。我国民用运输机场经过属地化改革之后,地方政府在机场投资和运营中的作用越来越突出,机场的空间溢出效应逐步受到地方政府和研究者的关注。针对机场所在地辖区和机场服务范围存在空间错位,本文定义某辖区的机场可达性溢出效应为该辖区范围内的机场对周边地区到机场可达性的改善程度,并基于潜力模型和网络分析方法设计了机场可达性溢出效应的计算方法;进而以我国民用运输机场为例,在机场属地化背景下确定了省级和市级两种研究尺度,采用县级数据分别定量计算了我国民用运输机场的可达性溢出效应。结果发现,我国省级尺度的机场可达性溢出较小;市级尺度的可达性溢出差异较大,部分城市机场可达性溢出显著,但空间分布较为复杂。本文还进一步讨论了计算结果对我国机场投资和运营成本空间分担制度设计的启示。     

HFE在提高地震数据分辨率中的应用

提高地震数据分辨率是地震勘探中获得高质量数据的关键,而分辨率与信噪比的相互制约关系是高分辨率处理的根本问题。本文基于反褶积的基本原理,采用压缩子波的方法,对原始地震数据进行高频拓展法(High Frequency Expanding,HFE)处理。通过测试子波压缩参数,分析研究可选参数对地震资料分辨率和保真度的影响,确定最佳处理参数,并应用于实际地震资料处理中。应用结果表明,HFE处理后的地震资料,其品质得到了明显的改善,处理后的剖面弱反射带层间细节反射更为丰富,横向变化清晰,频带变宽,分辨率得到了很大提高。     

泥石流冲击荷载的时频分析方法及应用

泥石流的能量转化主要集中于运动过程中,泥石流冲击压力随时间变化的过程是其能量不断变化的综合表现。本文分析了泥石流能量转化过程及冲击荷载的紊流形态,并根据其脉动特性,将泥石流冲击荷载作为信号进行研究。以大型泥石流模型试验为基础,利用小波时频分析方法将试验测取的泥石流冲击荷载映射为时间与频率的联合信号,得到同一时间9个频段内的能量强度。从冲击荷载的能量分布可以看出,稀性泥石流95%以上的波动能集中在低频段内（0～6.25Hz）,从而为深入研究泥石流冲击机制及防治结构动态荷载设计提供了一些理论依据。     

用时频峰值滤波方法消减地震勘探资料中随机噪声的初步研究

时频峰值滤波算法是一种新颖的基于时频分析的信号增强算法,能够有效地消除随机噪声,恢复有效波信息.本文将这种时频分析算法用于消除地震勘探资料中的随机噪声,对淹没于随机噪声下的40道共炮点记录进行时频峰值滤波,恢复出来的共炮点记录可以清楚地表现原始记录同相轴的位置.经过对40道中任选两道（即第21道和第7道）滤波前后的子波形态Wigner\|Ville分布、傅立叶振幅谱等的比较,可知仅在谷值和峰值点误差较大,子波带宽相对误差小于25％.仿真试验表明信噪比可达－7dB,说明该方法可以有效地消减地震资料中的随机噪声.     

Robust source localization in shallow water based on vector optimization

Owing to the multipath effect, the source localization in shallow water has been an area of active interest. However, most methods for source localization in shallow water are sensitive to the assumed model of the underwater environment and have poor robustness against the underwater channel uncertainty, which limit their further application in practical engineering. In this paper, a new method of source localization in shallow water, based on vector optimization concept, is described, which is highly robust against environmental factors affecting the localization, such as the channel depth, the bottom reflection coefficients, and so on. Through constructing the uncertainty set of the source vector errors and extracting the multi-path sound rays from the sea surface and bottom, the proposed method can accurately localize one or more sources in shallow water dominated by multipath propagation. It turns out that the natural formulation of our approach involves minimization of two quadratic functions subject to infinitely many nonconvex quadratic constraints. It shows that this problem (originally intractable) can be reformulated in a convex form as the so-called second-order cone program (SOCP) and solved efficiently by using the well-established interior point method, such as the software tool, SeDuMi. Computer simulations show better performance of the proposed method as compared with existing algorithms and establish a theoretical foundation for the practical engineering application.     

波前构建法中网格点相对定位及属性计算研究

针对波前构建法射线追踪中非规则的波前四边形网格与规则的矩形网格节点之间的相对定位问题,采用矢量叉积判断方法从四个方面较详细的讨论了规则的矩形网格节点与非规则的波前四边形的相对位置关系,并针对四种不同的位置关系采用不同的插值算法进行其属性的转换计算,误差分析及计算实例表明本文所采用的网格定位方法以及属性转换的插值算法从理论到实际应用都是正确的、切实可行的.     

用基于平滑技术的时频分析方法对地震资料去噪的研究

本文提出了一种新的时频分析方法—基于平滑技术的时频分析方法,并给出了该方法的基本原理以及用该方法对地震观测信号进行去噪的具体算法.它以信号的平滑处理为基础,与传统去噪手段相比,具有物理意义清晰且运算简单的优点.实验结果表明,利用该时频分析方法可以极大地提高远距离地震观测信号的信噪比,从而为远距离地震信号的检测提供了有力的工具.     

小地震与人工爆破记录的时频分析

基于Matlab软件,编制了对近震记录进行时-频分析试验研究的程序,搜集2006—2008年间首都圈地区震级介于ML2.4~2.7的5次天然地震和5次人工爆破的27个台站的宽频带记录,根据震中距离的相似性挑选5组天然地震和人工爆破地震,分析其时频特征。对于所有的数据都给出其三分向的时频图、原始波形图和频谱图,以及水平向和三分向的叠加图。分析结果表明,天然地震和人工爆破的记录具有明显不同的时频特征,天然地震的时频呈现出"多峰"特征,而人工爆破的时频分布则相对"少峰";天然地震的时频峰值分布在较宽的频率范围内,人工爆破的峰值则分布在频率较低的相对狭窄的范围内。通过以上实践,发现时频分析在分析不同时间点的频谱信息以及整个数据的时频分布特点时比傅里叶变换具有优势。     

时频联合分析地震计正弦标定数据

介绍短时傅里叶变换,分析地震计正弦标定信号的特点,提出基于时间域和频率域联合分析正弦标定波形组起始点的方法,可以准确找出每组正弦标定信号的频率和振幅,计算地震计的速度响应灵敏度。     

Hydrodynamic regime as a major control on localization of uranium mineralization in sedimentary basins

Uranium deposits in sedimentary basins can be formed at various depths,from near surface to the basement.While many factors may have played a role in controlling the location of mineralization,examination of various examples in the world,coupled with numerical modeling of fluid flow,indicates that the hydrodynamic regime of a basin may have exerted a major control on the localization of uranium deposits.If a basin is strongly overpressured,due to rapid sedimentation,abundance of low-permeability sediments or generation of hydrocarbons,fluid flow is dominantly upward and uranium mineralization is likely limited at shallow depths.If a basin is moderately overpressured,upward moving fluids carrying reducing agents may meet downward moving,oxidizing,uranium-bearing fluids in the middle of the basin,forming uranium deposits at moderate depths.If a basin is weakly or not overpressured,either due to slow sedimentation or dominance of high-permeability lithologies,minor topographic disturbance or density variation may drive oxidizing fluids to the bottom of the basin,leaching uranium either from the basin or the basement,forming unconformity-type uranium deposits.It is therefore important to analyze the hydrodynamic regime of a basin in order to predict the most likely type and location of uranium deposits in the basin.