Smeared crack approach: back to the original track

This paper briefly reviews the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, with both the discrete and the smeared crack approaches. The paper focuses on the smeared approach, identifying as its main drawbacks the observed mesh‐size and mesh‐bias spurious dependence when the method is applied ‘straightly’. A simple isotropic local damage constitutive model is considered, and the (exponential) softening modulus is regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The continuum and discrete mechanical problems corresponding to both the weak discontinuity (smeared cracks) and the strong discontinuity (discrete cracks) approaches are analysed and the question of propagation of the strain localization band (crack) is identified as the main difficulty to be overcome in the numerical procedure. A tracking technique is used to ensure stability of the solution, attaining the necessary convergence properties of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is stable and remarkably robust. As a consequence, the results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh‐size or mesh‐bias dependence, comparing very favourably with those obtained with other fracture and continuum mechanics approaches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strain localization in sand: an overview of the experimental results obtained in Grenoble using stereophotogrammetry

Experimental results are presented from the extensive program of drained plane strain compression tests on sand carried out in Grenoble over the last two decades. Systematic analysis of photographs of the deforming specimen allowed for measuring deformations and determining strain fields throughout the test, that is: prior to, at, and after the onset of strain localization. The principles, details and accuracy of the procedure are described, as well as its suitability to properly depict the patterns of deformation. Findings concerning the occurrence and progression of strain localization are discussed. The issues of shear band orientation and thickness are addressed, as well as temporary and persistent complex localization patterns, and the volumetric behaviour inside a band after its formation. The influence of such variables as initial state of the sand (effective stress and relative density), specimen size and slenderness, as well as grain size, is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

The second order characteristic condition for plastic flow

In this paper the second order characteristic (discontinuous bifurcation) condition is derived for the granular flow (fully plastic) equations. This second order bifurcation equation is shown to be formally identical to the first order localization requirement during steady elastoplastic deformation provided the elastic compliance tensor is substituted for the product of the plastic multiplier with the flow Hessian. For isotropic yield and flow functions the invariant form of the characteristic condition is given in detail, as well as an alternative expression in adapted co‐ordinates. The characteristic condition can be regarded as defining a hardening function which is maximized to identify the critical angles. When the method is applied to 3D Coulomb flow, Mohr's 3D fracture plane conditions are obtained uniquely. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HHT方法在地震工程中的应用之初步探讨

详细介绍了一种新的非线性、非平稳信号的处理方法-HHT，讨论了其有效性和优越性，简单介绍了其在地震工程中的应用前景，并利用HHT处理了地震工程中常用El Centro地震记录，得到了该记录的振幅-频率-时间分布特性，并将得到的边际谱与傅立叶谱做了对比。     

中尺度WRF数值模式系统本地化业务试验

利用中尺度WRF数值模式及WRF三维变分同化系统,在对比试验的基础上,选取了适合本地的积云过程、微物理过程和辐射过程的方案组合;选择了NCEP/GFS作为模式的背景场;统计计算了以云南为中心的区域背景误差协方差并替换了三维变分同化系统中原有的背景误差协方差;同时,考虑模式底层高度与地面观测站高度的差异,进行了地面资料地形订正.通过上述试验研究,建立了本地化的中尺度WRF数值预报业务系统,该系统能较好地刻画本地下垫面的动力和热力状况,预报能力有明显改善.     

气象软件汉化在GPS水汽观测中的应用

通过对气象中应用的GPS水汽观测软件进行分析和汉化，阐述软件汉化的过程和方法。     

经验模态分解法在地震资料处理中的应用试验

通过对多种连续小波基的平稳序列时频分析,提出经验模态的非平稳序列的时频分析方法,并在地震资料处理解释应用中作探索性试验.试验结果表明：对地震记录道长为5 s和2 ms采样资料,经验模态分解后可获得6-7个固有模态函数单分量,分解的第一个分量C1（t）具有较宽的频率成分,可作为地震属性的主分量.     

上海黏性土剪切带形成的数值模拟分析

各种工程事故表明：现有的土力学计算模型均未考虑应变局部化问题,故不能解释这些工程事故的发生,因此应变局部化和剪切带形成的研究成为国际土力学界研究热点之一。数值模拟是研究剪切带形成的一个重要内容。在数值模拟中首先进行剪切带形成条件的研究,接着考虑土质不均匀性的影响,引入弱单元和强单元,进行弱单元与强单元影响力的研究。     

基于时频域极化滤波的勒夫型槽波提取

矿井槽波地震勘探数据中,含有多种类型地震波,包括线性极化的纵波、横波、勒夫型槽波和椭圆极化的瑞利型槽波。由于槽波频散现象严重,不同类型槽波互相重叠,在地震记录上难以区分,合理地进行波场分离是槽波数据处理的重要环节。根据不同类型槽波振动极化特征,提出基于S变换的时频域自适应协方差矩阵极化滤波方法;在时频域中,针对槽波水平双分量信号建立自适应协方差矩阵;利用矩阵对应特征值和特征向量,计算椭圆率和方位角参数来描述槽波极化振动特征;依据极化参数建立极化滤波函数,对槽波地震信号进行波场分离。经过理论合成信号和实际数据测试表明,该方法可以有效地从槽波地震记录中提取出勒夫型槽波,避免其它类型地震波在槽波数据处理过程中产生的干扰,为槽波地震勘探数据处理提供新的技术手段。     

基于SMVF的高频雷达自适应多目标检测

针对高频雷达强海杂波和干扰环境下的多目标检测问题,结合S-method时频分布和Vitcrbi算法提出了一种多分量线性调频信号瞬时频率估计方法—SMVF法(S-method viterbi fitting),然后根据所提取的瞬时频率的直线拟合性能,提出了一种自适应多目标检测算法。实测数据的处理结果,表明了该算法在低信噪比时,与WDM法(wigncr distribution maxima) , WDV法( wigncr distribution vitcrbi)相比,估计精度提高约2000,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。