有机地球化学参数在层序划分对比中的应用——以冀中拗陷束鹿凹陷沙三下亚段为例

深水细粒沉积层系的层序地层单元细分和对比,是建立合理的层序地层格架的关键,也是进行深水区岩性油气藏勘探开发的一项重要基础研究工作。但往往由于细粒沉积层系层序地层单元划分标志不明显,其划分对比较为困难,这也是层序地层学研究的难点。依据高分辨率层序地层学原理,从沉积层序的成因及其表现入手,应用表征沉积环境或沉积物特征的有机地球化学参数在纵向上的周期性变化规律,对渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷沙三段下亚段半深湖—深湖相泥灰岩沉积进行了层序地层单元划分和对比,较好地识别出了4级旋回与5级旋回,为建立高分辨率层序地层格架奠定了基础。     

Paleoecological analysis of molluscan assemblages in two marl deposits in Waterloo Region, southwestern Ontario, Canada

Mollusc assemblages were studied in two marl deposits at Kitchener and Cambridge, in southwestern Ontario. Lacking datable terrestrial plant material, a chronology was determined by pollen analysis. Similarities in mollusc assemblages and changes allowed five equivalent mollusc assemblage zones to be identified in the two deposits, spanning approximately 12 to 7 ka. In total, 34 mollusc taxa were identified, with 19 common to both sites. Overall, the most abundant taxa were Valvata spp., Gyraulus parvus, Pisidium casertanum, and P. ferrugineum. Terrestrial molluscs (four taxa) were rare. Overall, cool, shallow water with abundant vegetation and quiet conditions were indicated. At around 9 ka, a marked decrease in mollusc abundance and diversity, but relatively stable percentages, is noted at both sites. We speculate this was caused by an increase in sedimentation rate, perhaps caused by a brief warming.Inconsistencies in assemblages at marl sites may be partly attributable to sampling, but a chance factor in dispersal is also suggested. A minimum of two sampling sites at a given sedimentation basin, nearshore and mid-basin, are recommended to maximize assessment of assemblages. More detailed data from living molluscs are needed to enhance paleoenvironmental interpretations.     

应用流体包裹体研究致密砂岩储层多期油气充注历史——以鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区延长组长8段砂岩为例

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘镇泾地区延长组长8段致密砂岩储层为例,利用流体包裹体岩相学、微束荧光光谱及显微测温等分析方法, 厘定油气充注期次和时间,同时结合储层成岩演化,探讨储层致密化与油气成藏过程。研究表明,储层孔隙沥青呈黄色和蓝白色荧光, 并以蓝白色为主;石油包裹体呈黄色、黄绿色及蓝白色荧光,并以后两者居多。与黄色荧光石油包裹体同期的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为 80℃～90℃; 而与黄绿色和蓝白色荧光石油包裹体同期的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰分别为105℃～115℃和110℃～120℃。研究区储层主要经历了3期烃类充注：第一期发生在早白垩世早期（138～130Ma）,表现为少量的低熟油充注;第二期发生在早白垩世晚期（124～105Ma）,为关键成藏期,与大规模成熟油充注相关; 第三期发生在晚白垩世（85～73Ma）,古油藏发生调整,再次成藏。储层早成岩阶段以机械压实、薄膜状绿泥石、高岭石及微晶方解石胶结为主,在中高孔渗条件下发生了早期石油充注;随着继续压实,石英加大、孔隙填充绿泥石、高岭石及亮晶方解石胶结发育,储层逐渐致密化 晚期石油在低渗致密储层内的运聚成藏主要受早期烃类充注路径控制。     

致密砾岩储层微观裂缝特征及对储层的贡献

根据微观薄片分析,结合岩芯资料、地表露头以及实验分析,对川西前陆盆地北部九龙山地区致密砾岩储层微观裂缝的成因类型与特征、形成序列、有效裂缝的控制因素以及微观裂缝对储层的贡献进行了探讨。研究结果表明,珍珠冲组致密砾岩储层微观裂缝可以分为穿砾缝、砾缘缝和砾内缝3种类型。微观裂缝以构造成因为主,还有成岩成因微裂缝和原生微裂缝。微观裂缝的充填程度较弱,绝大多数微观裂缝都属于有效裂缝。微观裂缝的有效性主要受裂缝的形成时间、后期溶蚀作用以及异常高压流体等因素的影响。微观裂缝的平均开度为11.0μm,平均面密度为0.85 cm/cm2,反映研究区微观裂缝十分发育。微观裂缝的平均孔隙度为0.78%,占储层总孔隙度的22.9%,平均渗透率为3.18 m D,说明微观裂缝是该区致密砾岩储层重要的储集空间。     

以喉道为参数的致密砂岩气储层评价方法--以库车坳陷迪北地区致密砂岩气为例

致密砂岩气作为一种非常规天然气在我国呈现出快速发展的趋势,然而目前致密砂岩气储层的评价仍然沿用常规油气藏储层评价的方法。事实证明常规油气藏储层评价的方法明显不适用于致密砂岩气。本文通过对比常规气藏与致密砂岩气的发育特点,以库车坳陷迪北地区致密砂岩气为研究对象,开展多手段的储层孔喉微观分析,认为喉道半径是控制致密砂岩气运聚与富集的关键因素之一。并通过改进的Windland方程以进汞饱和度35%时所对应的喉道半径（R₃₅）为主要参数,建立了适合于研究区的致密砂岩气储层评价方法。评价结果显示,R₃₅=0.17 μm是区分库车坳陷迪北地区致密气有效储层与无效储层的界线;同时依据R₃₅的大小可进一步将有效储层划分出Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层。     

Pressure Tight Piston Corer ——A New Approach on Gas Hydrate Investigation

A pressure tight sediment samphng technology, which can be introduced into the modification of the piston corer to accommedate the investigation of gas hydrate, is put forward. In this paper, the three basic rules of the technology are analyzed in detail: specimen transferring rule, seal self-tightening rule and semi-active pressure holding rule. Based on these, the structure of the pressure tight piston corer is put forward and its working principle is analyzed. Finally, a pressure tight sediment sampler, to which the same technology is apphed, is researched through experiments. Results show that the sampler based on the above-mentioned theory has a good ability in samphng and in -situ pressure holding.     

Postglacial development of a marl and peat complex on the Precambrian Shield of northwestern Ontario

This paper presents the first paleolimnological study of the postglacial development of a marl and peat complex on the Canadian Precambrian Shield. Ring Lake (48° 46 N, 85° 51 W), situated within the carbonate glacial drift area of northwestern Ontario, originated about 9000 BP in a basin exposed by the retreating waters of proglacial Lake Superior. The development of Ring Lake was interpreted from pollen and diatom analysis of one sediment core from the littoral zone and another core from near the lake centre.The sequence of postglacial vegetation development parallels published accounts of forest history in northern Ontario. The predominant diatom throughout the littoral core was the alkaliphilous Cymbella diluviana. The central core was dominated by circumneutral and alkaliphilous species of Achnanthes Navicula, Fragilaria, and Cymbella, except in recent samples where acidophilous species of Anomoeoneis were common.Diatom-inferred (DI) pH shows that the early lake was alkaline because of drainage from base-rich tills. The presence of marl in the littoral core indicates deposition of calcareous materials until the site dried out during the Hypsithermal period. There is evidence that beaver activity around 5000 BP caused a temporary change in lake hydrology. A decline in DI pH over much of the postglacial reflects gradual exhaustion of carbonates in the drainage area. An increase in acidophilous diatoms in samples representing the past 3500 y is consistent with gradual acidification of the system and development of a littoral peatland in a cooler neoglacial climate.     

元素俘获能谱在深层致密储层评价中的应用:以松科2井为例

松辽盆地沙河子组存在多段气测异常,显示了该地层具有致密气勘探潜力,但研究区深层致密储层非均质性强、厚度薄、互层发育且类型多样。在松科2井常规测井曲线分析基础上,利用元素俘获能谱精细反演矿物组分含量,对地层岩性进行准确识别,并建立了元素交汇图识别出5种类型储层。结合岩石物理实验资料,得到地层的变骨架孔隙度、脆性指数、有机碳含量等储层评价参数,依据气测资料及综合评价指数将储层分为三大类。研究结果表明:沙河子组地层(3 730~4 500 m)孔隙度主要分布在5%~9%,脆性指数主要分布在45%~60%,临近烃源岩TOC含量普遍较高且累计厚度较大,识别出3 798 ~3 831 m、3 950~3 990 m、4 150~4 200 m是具有勘探开发潜力的有利致密气层段。利用元素俘获能谱评价致密气储层结果准确,能为深层致密气储层优选及压裂改造提供参考依据。     

致密砂岩储层变岩电参数法饱和度计算模型:以苏里格气田西区盒8段例

致密砂岩储层是油气勘探的重点方向之一,由于致密砂岩储层具有低孔低渗、孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强和岩电参数变化等特点,在测井解释过程中不同于常规储层。Archie公式在致密砂岩地层中使用时,强非均质性导致岩电参数a、b、m和n会随着储层的变化而变化。针对苏里格西区盒₈段致密砂岩储层提出利用变岩电参数建立饱和度模型。依据研究区盒₈段储层25块岩心岩电实验分析发现胶结系数m与lgϕ呈二次函数关系、m与岩性系数a呈幂函数关系、束缚水饱和度S_wb对饱和度指数n有较大的影响。因此,在对孔隙度、束缚水饱和度和孔隙结构指数等因素分析的基础上,综合各因素影响特征建立了变岩电参数的饱和度模型。结果表明,该方法相对传统Archie公式饱和度解释,模型精度更高,为解释复杂孔隙结构砂岩储层提供了一种有效预测方法。     

三塘湖盆地马东地区卡拉岗组烃源岩特征与致密油意义

      凝灰岩致密油藏作为一种特殊的油藏类型,已受到高度关注,而烃源岩的质量对致密油藏形成起着至关重要的作用.为了研究新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩油气藏成藏规律,本文在基本地质特征研究的基础上,通过岩石样品的岩石热解、干酪根碳同位素和饱和烃色质谱等分析测试,对马东地区卡拉岗组不同岩性烃源岩特征进行描述与评价.研究结果表明:凝灰质泥岩和白云质泥岩均具有一定生烃潜力,其中凝灰质泥岩生烃潜力大,有机质丰度高,总有机碳质量分数平均值大于２％,以Ⅱ型有机质为主;卡拉岗组烃源岩埋藏深度较小,镜质体反射率主要分布在０．５％~０．８％,总体上处于低熟—成熟阶段.纵向上各种岩性烃源岩与凝灰岩交错叠置,有利于形成源内自生自储型油藏,对卡拉岗组致密凝灰岩油藏的形成具有重要意义.