Geoid deformation and elevation influence caused by building loading

The paper studies the ground vertical deformation and the geoid undulation caused by loading of neighboring buildings, based on the loading tides theory. The influence on elevation is also considered. The results show that the ground vertical deformation and the geoid undulation both reach millimeter magnitude. Therefore, it is obvious that the building loading significantly affects the precise engineering surveying, and it must be seriously considered in application.     

浅谈板块运动的外部力源

推动地球板块运动的力可以分为内部力源和外部力源,只有外部力源才会使地球板块产生持续的同向运动。在对历史地质资料总结的基础上,得出银河年周期对地球板块的运动有重大影响。可以认为全球板块聚合一离散周期以银河年为周期。全球板块大约在一个银河年内（220-250Ma）离散一聚合一次。在比较现代科学技术手段对地球板块运动的监测结果和地球受到的太阳、月亮固体潮的理论计算结果基础上,得出结论：太阳、月亮对地球的固体潮力是推动地球板块日常运动的重要外部力源。除此之外,自转的影响也是使板块运动的力源。     

Tides and Earth Rotation

A short general explanation of tidal forces and tidal effects is given. The influences of Earth tides and ocean tides on the Earth's rotation vector are presented. Today, the theoretical models for periodic variations in the Earth's rotation and in polar motion can be compared with precise measurements done by modern space techniques. Secular changes of the Earth's rotation due to interactions within the Earth-Moon-system are also discussed.     

Variations of the solid Earth's center of mass due to oceanic tides

Periodic variations in the location of the center of mass of the solid Earth due to ocean tides are derived from the ocean tide model of Seiler (1991). The sum of nine partial tides leads to changes in the coordinates X, Y, Z within a range of 1cm.     

固体潮对测站位移影响的理论研究

重新推导了IERS2 0 0 0中关于固体潮对测站位移影响的所有公式 ,指出 :在时间域内二阶和三阶引潮力位对测站位移影响的公式中 ,理论上应以测站地心距代替地球赤道半径。利用最新的精密引潮位展开代替IERS2 0 0 0采用的Cartwright&Tayler(1971)潮汐展开 ,重新计算了田谐潮波和带谐潮波的相对频率特性的改正。计算表明 ,以上两种修正在亚毫米量级上与IERS2 0 0 0存在差异 ,这在目前的空间大地测量技术中是必须考虑的。     

A COMPARISON OF EASTERN AND WESTERN HONG KONG PHYTOPLANKTON FROM WEEKLY SAMPLES （1997-1999）

Weekly phytoplankton samples were taken from western Hong Kong (Lamma) from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999 and from Port Shelter in Eastern Hong Kong from January 1998 to December 1999. During that time diatom blooms occurred repeatedly at both sites but never in synchrony. One species would bloom at one site and then weeks later it or another species would bloom at the other site; while the 1998 red tide of the mucus producing dinoflagellateGymnodinium mikimotoi occurred at both sites. It first occurred at the Port Shelter site in March and did not appear at the Lamma site until April. With the single exception of this species, no other dinoflagellate reached bloom concentrations at the Lamma site. In addition, dinoflagellate abundance at the Lamma site was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that at the Port Shelter site. This was correlated with a significantly higher turbidity (i. e. low Secchi transparency) and higher turbulence (stronger currents) at the Lamma site. Annual variation in surface temperature correlated with total surface phytoplankton abundance at both our sample sites. Phytoplankton abundance increased in spring as water temperatures warmed. In fall, as surface water temperatures began to decline and the monsoon rains became less frequent there was a reduction in phytoplankton abundance associated with the reduction in temperature and light. Because so many variables co-occur with temperature (e. g. the amount of rainfall light intensity and light duration etc.) it is not possible to cite temperature as the causal factor associated weth controlling phytoplankton abundance at our two sample sites. Our data support the rather controversial notion that percentage-wise, there are relatively more harmful bloom forming species in nutrient-rich coastal waters than there are in the world's oceans. 16% of the dinoflagellate species and 10.3% of the diatom species observed at our two sample sites were classed as harmful. These percentages were higher than those cited by Sournia (1995) for the worlds oceans (9.6% and 6.8% respectively). This raises the possibility that there are relatively more toxic species in the nutrient-rich coastal waters of the world than there are in the mid ocean nutrient-poor areas of the world. Some reasons for this are briefly discussed.     

确定精密重力仪相位滞后方法的研究

从系统辨识的原理出发,给出了确定精密重力仪相位滞后的一种方法,即记录精密重力仪在阶跃信号作用下的输出数据,利用这些数据对仪器的传递函数进行辨识,从而确定重力仪对各潮汐波产生的相位滞后角度.用这种方法对ET-21地潮重力仪进行了相位滞后的确定,并给出这台仪器对15个主要潮汐波的相位滞后角度.     

Vertical mixing at the head of the Laurentian Channel

Temperature, salinity and velocity profiles taken over a 5-day period in the St. Lawrence Estuary at the head of the Laurentian Channel are used to describe the semidiurnal tidal period isopycnal oscillations occurring in this region. The observed variation in the degree of vertical mixing over the tidal cycle is used to support the concept of nutrification of the estuarine surface waters and suggests an explanation for the quarter-diurnal variability of primary production in this region.