澳洲夏季风热源低频变化对北半球冬季风影响的数值研究

采用ｐ－σ混合坐标系的５层原始方程模式研究了与澳洲夏季风低频变化相伴随的对流性低频加热源所激发的大气强迫波和东亚冬季风的关系，结果表明澳洲夏季风低频热源可引起北半球副热带高低层环流、东西向Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流。经向环流、越赤道气流的低频振荡，其振荡周期、强度与热源的振荡周期、强度有关。结果还进一步表明，澳洲低频热源可激发出扰动的北传，从而引起北半球副热带环流、副热带西风急流的低频振荡，澳洲夏季风活跃后     

密云水库年及汛期径流量年际变化特征的分析

利用定级分类，累积，谱分析等统计方法，分析了密云水库１９１９－１９８９年全年及汛期径流量年际变化的特征，发现密云水库全年及汛期径流量的年际变化具有持续性，周期性，多数年份偏枯等特性。     

Upper Holocene sea-level changes: Paleogeographic evolution and its impact on coastal archaeological sites and monuments

The paper presents the evolution of the geographic environment imposed by sea-level changes in selected sites of the Aegean Sea region during the Upper Holocene. The changes are due, mainly, to paroxysmic phases of the actual neotectonic evolution and to differential—in time and space—block movements, and emerged or submerged coasts. The reconstitution of these coasts is presented and, in some cases, natural harbor morphology is revealed. The use and evolution of these sites is discussed. Other sites concern coastal or inland ancient settlements or constructions affected by submersion by the sea, by the rise of the groundwater table, or by uplift movements. A general discussion on engineering measures to be applied for protection of the antiquities affected by these geographic changes closes the presentation.     

大同镇川堡井水位阶变与地震关系初析

统计了大同镇川堡井１９８８年６月～１９９１年１２月原始记录曲线的水位阶变资料，认为该井水位阶变可能反映了口泉断裂的蠕动，也反映了两次大同—阳高地震前应力应变作用的过程。     

21世纪能源与环境的前沿问题——天然气水合物

天然气水合物资源极为丰富。据国外专家估算，水合物中的天然气总资源超过了包括煤炭、石油与常规天然气在内的所有已知可燃矿产的储量。天然气水合物层是油气聚集的极好盖层，可以作为勘探油气藏的标志。天然气水合物还是影响全球气候变化的重要温室气体之一的甲烷的重要源和汇。因此，进行天然气水合物研究对开拓２１世纪能源、完善油气成藏理论、解决天然气工业生产和输送过程的管进堵塞问题，以及探讨其与全球气候变化的关系问题均有重大意义。目前应开展的研究内容与重点课题包括：天然气水合物的成因机制与油气成藏演化规律；分布规律及有利蕴藏地区；物化特性及其生成与消除的方法；天然气水合物与全球气候变化的关系等。     

Interpretation of Mauna Loa atmospheric transmission relative to aerosols,using photometric precipitable water amouts

Precipitable water measurements made coincident in time and space with direct broadband solar irradiance measurements are used in conjunction with an atmospheric transmission model to derive a parameter whose major dependence is on total aerosol extinction. Irradiance measurements are used to calculate an atmospheric transmission factor (ATF) that is independent of the instrument calibration and the extraterrestrial solar constant. The dependency of the ATF on precipitable water is determined using LOWTRAN5, an atmospheric transmission model with high spectral resolution. Precipitable water measurements are then used to adjust the measured ATF to correspond to an ATF value obtained for a constant precipitable water amount. The remaining variability in the adjusted ATF is due mostly to aerosol extinction. The technique is applied to a 6-year period (1978–1983) for clear-sky mornings at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (MLO). MLO ATF aerosol residuals are compared with independently measured monochromatic aerosol optical depth. Results show that the ATF aerosol residual is nearly equal to the 500 nm aerosol optical depth prior to the eruption of E1 Chichon, at which time a nonlinear time-dependent relationship between the two quantities is evident. ATF aerosol residuals reflect the spectrally integrated aerosol influence on transmission and, therefore, could indicate better than monochromatic optical depth the radiation balance perturbations due to aerosols. The 6-year precipitable water record for MLO, determined from a dual-channel sunphotometer, has a mean value of 0.3 cm. An annual cycle in precipitable water is evident, as is a 4-month 5-standard-deviation drought from December 1982 through March 1983.     

对反向变分流电法勘探原理的剖析

本文阐明了反向变分流系统地下电流的分布特点和规律。文中还给出了反向变分流电阻率法视电阻率的异常表达式,计算了装置系数和电流分配系数之间的关系,并阐明其规律和作用。最后,作为一个例子,分析了水平地层上反向变分流电测深法视电阻率的异常分布规律,并指出它在勘探中的作用。     

Potentialities,uncertainties and complexities in the response of coral reefs to future sea-level rise

Coral islands formed of largely unconsolidated sands only a few metres above sea level are thought to be particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise consequent upon global warming. However, scenarios which predict catastrophic flooding and loss of island area need reassessment, particularly in the light of the continued downwards revision of projected rates of future sea-level rise. Revised questions concern the interactions between reef growth and sea-level change, biophysical constraints on coral growth, and the importance to reef systems of potential changes in the magnitude, frequency and location of tropical cyclones and hurricanes. It is clear that most reefs have the growth potential to meet even the highest of future sea-level rise scenarios, but too little is known about physiological and physical constraints to reef growth to adequately evaluate the importance of these two factors in constraining this potential at the present time. Future sea-level rise in the tropical oceans, and coral reef responses, will take place against a backdrop of inter-regional differences in Holocene sea levels, resulting from the varying interaction of eustatic and hydro-isostatic processes. These differences have generated varying constraints on the development of modern reefs and varying inherited topographies upon which future sea-level changes will be superimposed. These controls are particularly important in assessing differences in vulnerability to future sea-level rise for reef islands in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.     

西影井水位动态异常成因的讨论

西影井自１９７４年观测以来，动态比较稳定，干扰很明显，反映地壳应力变比较灵敏，但从１９８９年１０月中旬开始，出现了大幅度，长时间的复杂多样的异常变化。经过研究，初步认为，这是一次大区域地壳构造运动引起的水位异常。     

诱发前震预报方法的检验——1981—992年中国大陆地震活动图象

大强固区之间的相互作用和震后运动可以引起触发,强固区破裂引起相邻强固区加载。震后运动可以在大范围内发生并引起相邻区域的不均匀应变积累。观测表明大震后首先发生中等地震的地点正好是下次大震的位置,所以任何一个大地震发生都提供了一个探寻临界破裂区的良好时机。依据1960—1980年资料总结的中期地震危险性估测方法称为“诱发前震图象”,1981—1992年的地震资料完全证实了该方法的可靠性。