论青藏高原及邻区板片构造的一个新模式

本文首先论述了板块学说提出的过程和存在的一些不足与疑问,特别是该学说将Holmes（1948）的地幔热对流说作为驱使岩石圈板块运动的动力机制.而后又以青藏高原及邻区为例,根据区域地质、蛇绿岩和地质构造研究的成果,特别是地震测深研究的成果,详细地论证了本区不存在有大洋中脊扩张成为大洋盆地的新大洋和大洋板块简单的B型俯冲模式,但存在有海底扩张的陆间海和海洋地壳板片（蛇绿岩构造岩片）的仰冲以及大陆岩石圈板片复杂的A型俯冲新模式.新模式不是以地幔对流运动,而是以扩张分离A型俯冲的大陆岩石圈板片与软流圈之间的水平剪切相对运动机制作为它的躯动力.     

前陆盆地的构造演化及其沉积、地层响应——以库车坳陷下白垩统为例

逆冲推覆构造近年来的研究表明,由于逆冲带内超压的反复积聚和释放,冲断活动表现为间歇式前展逆冲方式,且具有早期长周期低前展速率、晚期短周期高前展速率的特点,由此导致作用于前陆盆地的构造负载早期以垂向加载为主、晚期则以递进加载为主。库车坳陷下白垩统记录了一幕完整的前陆盆地构造演化过程,卡普沙良群和巴什基奇克组分别对应于逆冲期和构造宁静期,两者之间发生了地层几何形态的重大转变以及内部削截反射终止点的迁移。与早、晚期冲断活动特征对应,在前隆向前渊的斜坡带,卡普沙良群的下部和上部分别发育大套向逆冲带的前积反射和向克拉通方向的退积超覆反射。在紧邻造山带的前渊带,亚格列木组砾质粗碎屑沉积体标志着逆冲推覆的重新开始;巴西盖组三角洲体系的发育说明快速前展逆冲导致宽缓的楔顶带的形成;巴什基奇克组底部粗碎屑发育及其与巴西盖组之间沉积突变,反映为宁静期岩石圈强烈回弹的结果。最终,前陆盆地构造演化的逆冲期可细分为初始逆冲、?冲、前展逆冲、逆冲减弱-停滞等4个阶段。     

A re-evaluation of eclogite facies metamorphism in SW Japan: proposal for an eclogite nappe

Known eclogite occurrences in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt of SW Japan are dominantly in metagabbro bodies which have complex polyphase metamorphic histories. These bodies are generally described as tectonic blocks and their relationship to the Sanbagawa metamorphism is unclear. New findings of foliated eclogite in the Seba and Kotsu areas show that eclogite facies metamorphism is much more widespread than generally thought. Evidence that the foliated eclogite units originated as lavas or sediments implies that these units can be treated as a high-grade part of the subduction-related Sanbagawa metamorphism. Although separated by an along-strike distance of 80 km, the Seba and Kotsu eclogites have very similar garnet and omphacite compositions, suggesting that they were formed under similar metamorphic conditions. However, differences in the associated retrograde assemblages (epidote–amphibolite in the Seba unit and epidote–blueschist in the Kotsu unit) suggest contrasting P – T  paths. In both units, the eclogite rocks occupy the highest structural level of the Sanbagawa belt and overlie rocks metamorphosed at lower pressure. The lower boundary to the eclogite units is therefore a major tectonic discontinuity locally decorated with lenses of exotic material. These features can help trace the boundary into other areas. The previously known outcrops of eclogite show enough similarities with the newly found areas to suggest that all the eclogite facies rocks in the Sanbagawa belt constitute a single nappe that lies at the highest structural levels of the orogen.     

安徽淮南煤田阜凤推覆体之下的伸展构造及其形成机制

报道了淮南煤田阜凤推覆体之下包括犁式断层面、反向正断层、滚动背斜和小型负花状构造在内的伸展构造。这些伸展构造很显然是扬子克拉通和华北克拉通在三叠纪碰撞时,大别山造山带前陆位置岩石圈弯曲导致地壳上部产生非弹性变形的结果。根据大别山造山带的形成及相邻地区的构造演化过程判断,淮南煤田阜凤推覆体之下的伸展构造是在印支期初露端倪,燕山早期(早侏罗世)定型,燕山中晚期(中—晚侏罗世)就位的。      

Late Cenozoic Tectonics Along the Northwestern Margin of the Tarim Basin: Interactions Between the Tarim Basin and the Southern Tian Shan, West China

LATE CENOZOIC TECTONICS ALONG THE NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF THE TARIM BASIN: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE TARIM BASIN AND THE SOUTHERN TIAN SHAN, WEST CHINAgrants 4 98340 50and 4 9732 0 90fromtheNSFofChina;;andproject96 913 0 7 0 1fromtheMinistryofSci enceandTechnology ,China…     

新疆库车新生代前陆褶皱冲断带的变形特征、时代和机制

库车前陆褶皱冲断带自北向南可分为基底冲断带、箱状背斜带、梳状背斜带和挠曲褶皱带,东西方向上可分为西段、中段和东段。本文分段叙述了各变形带的变形特征,指出东段箱状背斜带不发育,秋里塔格山脉(构造带)东延未进入东段,因而总体看自西向东变形强度减弱,地形上趋于夷平。该冲断带的形成经历了两次重大的冲断活动,分别发生在中新世和早(-中)更新世;相应地,该带可分为南、北两个"盆""山"亚系统,两者在地层记录、变形期次和变形机制上尚有若干差异。库车前陆褶皱冲断带的发育,除了受南天山的冲断和向南扩展引起的近南北向挤压应力场控制外,还受到基底断裂在新生代的活化和膏盐层底辟的制约,前者以近北西向的构造变换带及其共轭发育的近北东向断层最为重要,后者既控制了秋里塔格山脉的形成(主要受垂直的挤压应力场作用),也在库车前陆褶皱冲断带东西方向的变形分段中起了重要作用。文章还讨论了变形与地貌发育的关系和在油气勘探中的指导意义。     

塔里木盆地西部吐木休克断裂带的主要特征和构造演化

塔里木盆地西部的吐木休克断裂带是中央隆起(前身是晋宁期碰撞造山带)的次级单元巴楚断隆与北部坳陷的次级单元阿瓦提凹陷之间的分界。本文以大量的地质和地球物理证据,证明它是一条内部结构复杂且切穿地壳的深断裂。结合区域构造演化恢复了断裂发育史,指出它经历过三期重大的冲断活动,分别发生在加里东期、海西期和新近纪。新近纪的冲断与巴楚断隆的南界断裂带有相同的构造样式,可分为两幕:中新世的冲断受制于南天山前陆冲断带的向南扩展,更新世的冲断主要受制于西昆仑前陆冲断带的向北扩展。吐木休克断裂带的东西走向段和北西走向段的构造特征尚有若干差异,前者在加里东期活动较强,反映了构造的继承性;北西走向段则是加里东期出现的新生构造,在海西期进一步发展,更新世时因被卷入西昆仑的前陆冲断作用,表现出强烈而复杂的变形。     

大别山造山带中生代逆冲推覆构造系统

大别山造山带为一条中生代陆内造山带 ,其构造系统是由逆冲推覆构造组成的构造楔形体 ,尖端指向南。构成逆冲系统的 4条主干逆掩断层 ,由南向北呈后展式 (上叠式 )依次扩展 ,并使基底岩系和沉积盖层同时卷入构造变形 ,形成了大型薄皮构造 ,造成地壳缩短量达 46 8%。大别山造山带的逆冲推覆构造系统形成于早侏罗世晚期—早白垩世 (J3 1—K1)。