南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系

天然气水合物的分布在很大程度上受到含气流体运移的影响。南海北部陆坡区,尤其是珠江口盆地的白云凹陷,普遍存在流体渗漏的现象,暗示了水合物赋存的良好前景。神狐海域水合物钻探区内的高分辨率地震资料显示,区域内发育大量流体运移通道,在地震剖面上表现为不同形态的地震反射模糊带,根据其形态特征,可以划分为花冠状和穹顶状两大类模糊反射带。模糊反射带的存在意味着研究区内具有良好的含气流体运移条件,能够为甲烷气体的垂向运移提供通道。神狐海域水合物的钻探结果表明,水合物的分布与模糊反射带的分布范围具有良好的空间匹配关系,其中,花冠状地震反射模糊带侧翼部与中尺度正断层相连,促进了含气流体的侧向运移,顶部与可能的微裂隙相通,气体可向上运移至水合物稳定带,形成了水合物藏;而穹顶状地震反射模糊带顶部则通过疑似流体通道与海底沟通,这种结构极易形成气体逃逸而无法形成水合物。因此,不同形态特征的模糊反射带可能对水合物的分布具有一定的指示意义。     

黔桂边境四堡岩群中高压变质矿物的发现及其意义

分布在黔桂边境地区四堡岩群变质岩属绿片岩相,过去一直认为是低压条件下的变质产物。通过近年区调工作,用X射线粉晶衍射方法,测定泥质变质岩的白云母结晶度b0>0.9040nm,显示出高压型变质矿物———多硅白云母特征。高压变质矿物的确定,对研究该区中元古代末期Rodinia超大陆的聚合提供了佐证。     

Atmospheric profile retrieval with AIRS data and validation at the ARM CART site

The physical retrieval algorithm of atmospheric temperature and moisture distribution from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS） radiances is presented. The retrieval algorithm is applied to AIRS clear-sky radiance measurements. The algorithm employs a statistical retrieval followed by a subsequent nonlinear physical retrieval. The regression coefficients for the statistical retrieval are derived from a dataset of global radiosonde observations （RAOBs） comprising atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles. Evaluation of the retrieved profiles is performed by a comparison with RAOBs from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） Program Cloud And Radiation Testbed （CART） in Oklahoma, U. S. A.. Comparisons show that the physically-based AIRS retrievals agree with the RAOBs from the ARM CART site with a Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） of 1K on average for temperature profiles above 850 hPa, and approximately 10% on average for relative humidity profiles. With its improved spectral resolution, AIRS depicts more detailed structure than the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite （GOES） sounder when comparing AIRS sounding retrievals with the operational GOES sounding products.     

浅层直流电法探测隐伏断层可行性分析

通过讨论断层不同表现形式的电性特征,对高密度电法与联合剖面法在隐伏断层探测中的应用可行性进行研究,并通过实例探讨了测试中应注意的问题、测试与解译方法。研究表明高密度电法及联合剖面法可以应用在隐伏断层探测中,但有一定的限制,主要源于断层的地质表现形式。     

亚太地区冬季海平面气压异常的偶极型结构及其与海温的关系

利用全球月平均海平面气压资料以及海表温度资料,采用旋转经验正交函数分解(REOF)、Morlet小波分析、相关分析及合成分析等方法研究了亚洲—太平洋地区(20°N～70°N,40°E～120°W)冬季海平面气压异常的空间结构与时间演变特征,并进—步分析了该地区冬季海平面气压异常与全球海温异常的关系.结果表明:亚太地区冬...     

Mapping vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost with ground penetrating radar at Nalaikh depression,Mongolia

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become an important geophysical tool which can provide a wealth of interpretive information about the vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost. A GPR investigation was conducted in October 2006 at the Nalaikh site at the southern boundary of the Siberian discontinuous permafrost region in Mongolia. GPR data were collected along four 100-m-long profiles to identify the location of the permafrost body, which included an in situ drilling borehole and analysis of temperature observations and soil water content measurements from boreholes. The GPR interpretation results indicated that the thickness of discontinuous permafrost at the study site was only 1.9–3.0 m and the permafrost is vulnerable to climate change. The soil temperature and soil water content data demonstrate the precision of GPR image interpretation. This case demonstrated that GPR is well suited for mapping the internal structure of discontinuous permafrost with relatively low soil water content.     

Free-Swell and Swelling Pressure of Unsaturated Compacted Clays; Experiments and Neural Networks Modeling

Expansive soils have received attentions of several investigators in the past half of century in the problematic soils context. Volume change behavior of unsaturated compacted soils in presence of water and change of degree of saturation was observed in two form of heave or collapse. Low water content and low density compacted soils in presence of enough surcharge pressure lose stability and collapse, because of their metastable and susceptible structure to change of degree of saturation. Free-swell and swelling pressure of five compacted clays, covering low to high plastic clays have been investigated in respect to compaction states and swelling pressure was compared with collapse pressure threshold. The results of experiments were utilized in two Artificial Neural Networks to predict free-swell percent and swelling pressure of a soil sample based on index properties and compaction state.     

岩石在单轴压力环境下电阻率变化的研究

主要研究了煤矿中常见的石英砂岩和石灰岩等,在受不同的单轴压应力的环境下,其电阻率变化的一些规律。通过对实验数据的分析,说明了岩体的电阻率是表征岩体发生变化时一个十分敏感的参数,为利用岩体电阻率来预测煤层顶底板的稳定性进行了基础性的研究。     

一种实用的河流理想均衡剖面线算法与应用

以河流理想均衡剖面线为研究对象,深入探讨了地表水流对河床的塑造作用规律和河流均衡剖面线的形成机理,推导出均衡剖面线理论计算公式,并以黄河为例,结合我国自西向东三级地形结构,计算了三条均衡剖面线,L1为黄河全长均衡剖面线,L2和L3分别以托克托和松多为局部基准面计算的局部均衡剖面线,为黄河河床的演变规律研究和演化过程的计算机模拟提供了数学依据,同时对河流发育研究及侵蚀、搬运能力的探讨均有一定的理论意义。     

广西气候与建筑设计

对广西建筑设计所涉及的气候参数进行了计算和分析,给出了南宁、桂林的基本风压、采暖通风和空调室外气象参数和建筑采光系数,为建筑部门提供了科学依据。