南大洋淡水强迫对南半球环状模的影响分析

南半球环状模是南半球热带外大气环流变异的主导模态,对南半球海洋—大气—海冰耦合系统有重要的影响。冰川融化激发的淡水强迫是南大洋的一种重要外强迫。在历史气候记录中,南大洋淡水通量异常曾引发数次全球性气候异常事件。基于海—气完全耦合模式FOAM,在60°S以南的海洋中施加强度为1.0 Sv的理想化淡水通量异常,分析南半球环状模的响应。结果表明：南大洋淡水通量异常可使局地西风增强,且西风的增强在垂向各个层次上均有体现。西风强度的变化导致对流层中大气斜压性增强,平流层中大气斜压性减弱。此外,淡水强迫使环状模的年际变率振幅显著减弱,而年代际变率开始增强,谱能量的变化具有垂向一致性。海温和海冰等外强迫因子的变化对环状模年代际振幅的增强具有重要意义。     

Development of a New Method of Extraction of Interstitial Water from Low‐Porosity Consolidated Sediments Recovered During Super‐Deep Drilling Projects

During the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 338, several methods were tested for the extraction of interstitial water in consolidated, low‐porosity deep‐sea sediments from Site C0002 in the Kumano Basin. On the basis of those tests, we propose a modified ground rock interstitial normative determination (GRIND) method of extraction of interstitial water. In separate runs of the new method, sediment samples were ground in a ball mill with either ultrapure water or a solution of HNO₃. The interstitial water was then extracted with a conventional squeezer. Sufficient solution was extracted by this method to analyse most major and a few minor components of interstitial water that were comparable to those previously reported for samples extracted by the conventional squeezing method. The new method requires much smaller amounts of sediment than that of the conventional method and will be useful for analysis of samples recovered during super‐deep drilling programmes.     

Coding random self-similar river networks and calculating geometric distances: 2. Application to runoff simulations / Codage de réseaux hydrographiques auto-similaires aléatoires et calcul de distances géométriques: 2. Application à la simulation de l'écoulement

Abstract

A preliminary method for coding random self-similar river networks and the corresponding distance calculations are proposed in a companion paper. The coding method is applied to generate random self-similar river networks, and the corresponding algorithm for calculating the geometric distances of the links is employed to determine the width function of the river networks, and thus evaluates the adaptability of the process. The width function-based geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (WF-GIUH) model is then applied to estimate the runoff of the Po-bridge watershed in northern Taiwan. The results imply that the separately random self-similar generating algorithm can be used to simulate river networks during the rainfall–runoff process. It can also help analyse the variations of the river network when rainfall locations change and study the influence on hydrological responses (IUH) when the shape of river network changes.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEIYU IN THE MID- AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER VALLEY AND THE BOREAL SPRING SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ANNUAL MODE

1 INTRODUCTION As confirmed by many studies[1-4], sea surface pressure is of interannual variations in subtropical Southern Hemisphere, which is defined as the Southern-hemisphere Annual Mode (SAM). It is in fact a seesaw effect of sea surface pressure symmetric longitudinally between the South Pole region and austral middle latitudes.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEIYU IN THE MID- AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER VALLEY AND THE BOREAL SPRING SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ANNUAL MODE

1 INTRODUCTIONAs confirmed by many studies[1-4], sea surface pressure is of interannual variations in subtropical Southern Hemisphere, which is defined as the Southern-hemisphere Annual Mode (SAM). It is in fact a seesaw effect of sea surface pressure symmetric longitudinally between the South Pole region and austral middle latitudes. SAM is in fact a correction to the Antarctic Atmospheric Oscillation (AAO) [3-5] At present, more attention is paid to the structure of SAM and its …     

基于GPU的遥感影像SAM分类算法并行化研究

本文简要介绍了并行图像处理的基本模式;对GPU的并行性和流式编程模型进行了分析,提出了GPU并行图像处理的基本流程,并对数据加载、计算结果反馈保存等关键技术问题进行了论述;实现了光谱角匹配(SAM)算法的GPU并行化,最后通过实验验证了该技术方法的有效性。     

Further details on the applicability of Thellier paleointensity method: The effect of magnitude of laboratory field

Twenty years after Tanaka and Kono's pioneering contribution (Tanaka and Kono, 1984), we give some new details on the effect of applied field strength during Thellier paleointensity experiments. Special attention is paid to the relation of magnitude of laboratory field and Coe's quality factors (Coe et al., 1978). Full thermoremanent magnetizations were imparted on natural samples containing low-Ti titanomagnetites of pseudo-single domain structure in a 40-μT magnetic field from 600?°C to room temperature. The samples were subjected to the routine Thellier procedure using a wide range of applied laboratory fields. Results indicate that values of laboratory fields may be accurately reproduced within 2% of standard error. The quality factors, however, decrease when the magnitude of ‘ancient’ field does not match to applied laboratory fields. To cite this article: J. Morales et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

Determination of the Concentration of Carbonic Species in Natural Waters: Results from a World‐Wide Proficiency Test

The results of an international interlaboratory proficiency test for the determination of carbonic species are presented. Eight laboratories analysed twelve water samples (four synthetic waters, one lake water, four geothermal waters, one seawater and two petroleum waters) by two methods: (a) individual laboratory analytical procedure and (b) acid–base titration curves in tabular form following a standardised protocol. In case (b), the concentrations of carbonic species were calculated by the organiser using the (1) Hydrologists' method, (2) Geochemists' method and/or (3) initial pH and total alkalinity method. For synthetic waters, the averaged % trueness and precision of measurement of the two methods were (trueness = 7.6, precision = 9.4) and (9.0, 3.4) for total alkalinity, and (6.6, 31.0) and (7.8, 6.1) for carbonic alkalinity, respectively. This indicates that the total alkalinity calculation procedure is in general correct in the individual laboratory method, but the carbonic alkalinity calculation procedure has serious problems. The measurements of total alkalinity for lake and seawaters were in agreement in both the methods; however, the individual laboratory measurement method for geothermal and petroleum waters was conceptually incorrect. Thus, the analytical procedures for the determination of carbonic species were reviewed. To apply the Hydrologists' and/or Geochemists' methods, the location of NaHCO₃EP and H₂CO₃EP is necessary, even for samples with pH lower than that of NaHCO₃EP, and a backward titration curve after complete removal of CO₂ must be performed. The initial pH and total alkalinity method is appropriate where a complete analysis of species that contribute to the alkalinity is known.     

2017年武隆5.0级地震序列剪切波分裂研究

利用流动台及原有固定台记录的数字波形资料,采用SAM分析方法对武隆5.0级地震序列进行剪切波分裂特征研究,得到震区5个台站共94对剪切波分裂参数。研究结果表明,武隆震区快剪切波偏振方向总体呈NW向,受区域主压应力场的控制作用较为明显,而第一优势偏振方向由NW向转为NNW向可能是受该区域多条NE向断裂及复杂构造的综合影响;震中东、西两侧台站的快波偏振优势方向呈现一定的空间分布变化;快波偏振方向在震后早期较为离散,后期呈现逐步收敛的趋势,显示震后应力场逐步趋于稳定;在较强余震发生前,时间延迟具有上升趋势,其中部分较强余震前的短时间内还观测到时间延迟减小的现象,这可能反映震前应力场增强和临震应力释放;慢波时间延迟与震源深度的关系不明显。