基于Copula理论的粗粒土渗透破坏临界水力比降估值

破坏水力比降是土体渗透稳定性分析和渗流控制的基础。以渗透变形试验为基础,分析了粗粒土临界水力比降与孔隙比、级配不均匀系数和曲率系数间的相关性。利用Copula理论适合建立多个非独立变量间联合分布函数的优点,构造了拟合粗粒土临界水力比降 、孔隙比e、级配不均匀系数 和曲率系数 间相关关系的最优Copula函数,并将其应用于粗粒土临界水力比降估值。结果表明：具有单参数的四维对称Archimedean Copula函数的Nelsen No 6为最优Copula函数。利用构造的最优Copula函数求条件概率,便可得到粗粒土临界水力比降估值的保证率,或者计算在一定保证率条件下临界水力比降估值。通过比较临界水力比降试验值与Copula理论方法、Terzaghi公式及刘杰公式估值,阐述了Copula理论的可靠性,为建立粗粒土临界水力比降与孔隙比及级配特征的多变量统计概率关系及临界水力比降估值提供了一种新途径。     

中国绿洲化及其研究进展

绿洲化是干旱区人与自然因素共同作用下荒漠向绿洲转变的过程。中国绿洲面积从20世纪50年代初期的20 000 km²扩展到2000年的86 000 km²,扩大了3.3倍。绿洲化过程不仅伴随着景观格局的变化,而且会引发土壤、生物、气象和水文等要素的变化。分析了近2 000 a来中国干旱区绿洲的演变过程,评述了绿洲化过程中景观变化,其对绿洲稳定性的影响及绿洲化过程中土壤要素、气象水文要素变化等诸多方面的研究进展,同时提出未来的研究中应加强绿洲化过程研究框架的建立、绿洲化过程中关键因素变化及绿洲化关键过程研究。     

洞庭湖不同水位高程下南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)种群分布格局及生长动态

通过野外不同水位高程固定样地多次调查,结合方差/均值比率法研究了不同水位高程下洞庭湖湿地南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)种群分布格局及生长动态.结果表明:(1)低程区土壤含水量显著高于高程区;低程区土壤颗粒组成与高程区相比有显著差异,低程区土壤为黏砂壤土,高程区为粉砂土;低程区土壤总有机碳、全氮、铵态氮和pH值等与高程区相比无显著差异,而其硝态氮、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量低于高程区,全磷含量却恰好相反.(2)调查期间,南荻的分布格局随着植物的生长由均匀分布逐渐变为聚集分布,低程区聚集强度更大;(3)南荻的生物量和高度均随时间增长而迅速增加,且低程区的总生物量和增长量均高于高程区;南荻的密度和基径随时间增长而增加,之后趋于平稳,且低程区均高于高程区.结果分析表明,水位高程差异引起的土壤含水量的显著变化可能是影响南荻分布格局和生长动态最重要的因素.因此,适度地调控水位、增加土壤水分含量可能是控制南荻群落扩张的重要措施.     

1981—2018年内蒙古典型草原季节性冻土对气候变化的响应

以1981—2018年内蒙古典型草原季节性冻土为研究对象,通过气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall法、多元线性回归等方法,分析最大冻土时空分布特征、年际、年代际变化,研究影响最大冻土深度变化的气象因子。结果表明：（1） 内蒙古典型草原季节性冻土冻结初日在9—11月,终日在4—6月,年内最大冻土深度出现在2—3月,深度在100~280 cm之间。（2） 最大冻土深度年际变化分为下开口抛物线型、上开口抛物线型、正弦曲线型,从最大冻土深度气候倾向率看呈现减小趋势的站点有68%。（3） 最大冻土深度年代际变化分为逐年代递减、减-增型和无明显变化规律,50%的站点在1989年以后最大冻土深度发生突变。（4） 多元线性回归表明气温冻结指数、年平均风速、年极端最低气温对最大冻土深度产生显著影响。该研究揭示了最大冻土深度存在退化的事实,为草原应对气候变化提供指导,为陆地土壤和大气碳循环交换的研究给出提示。     

Biodegradation Studies on Acid Violet 19, a Triphenylmethane Dye,by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH

Acid violet 19 (AV) belongs to the triphenylmethane (TPM) class of dyes which are potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic. However, very little studies on biodegradation of AV were reported as compared to other TPM dyes such as malachite green and crystal violet. In this study, AV was decolorized up to 98% within 30 min by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH. The decolorization depends on the initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature. However, the dye was decolorized under wide pH and temperature ranges with an optimum of pH 7 and 30°C. Up to 250 mg L^?1 of dye was found to be tolerated and decolorized by this strain. It showed decolorization ability for seven repeated dye addition cycles. The effect of additional carbon sources on dye decolorization was studied in which mannitol containing medium showed decolorization in 15 min. Induction in the enzyme activities of laccase, NADH‐DCIP reductase, and veratryl alcohol oxidase (VAO) indicates their involvement in AV degradation. Various analytical studies viz. UV–VIS, HPTLC, HPLC, and FTIR confirmed the biodegradation of AV by the bacterium. Based on GC‐MS analysis, a possible degradation pathway for AV was proposed. The phytotoxicity studies using Phaseolus mungo and Sorghum vulgare revealed the less toxic nature of metabolites formed after AV degradation.     

道真沙坝水库干渠滑坡的治理

本文从治理滑坡的实践出发,探讨并制定了渠道所遇土质滑坡的治理方案,经实施,既经济,效果又好,具有推广实用价值。     

深层搅拌法在超软弱港口地基上的工程应用

某港口堆场地基上部5．0m系吹填而成，地表下18m范围均属软土，经真空预压初级加固后地基承载力仅在80—90kPa，局部区域上部淤泥土层土性指标较差，含水量大于50％，地基承载力不足60kPa。为了使地基达到230kPa的承载要求，设计采用深层搅拌法加固超软弱地基。通过现场成桩工艺试验和检测表明，桩身水泥土强度在90d龄期时大于1．80MPa，单桩承载力标准值大于150kN，以φ600桩径、桩长13．5m、置换率为0．308和φ500桩径、桩长13．5m、置换率为0．267两种方案布置的复合地基承载力标准值均超过了230kPa的设计要求。试验结果表明，深层搅拌法在港口超软弱地基土应用只要施工工艺适当，完全可以使地基承载力提高2—3．5倍以土，从而节省大量的工程投资。     

强夯法加固地基在青岛海关H986工程中的应用

重点介绍了在青岛海关Ｈ９８６工程中,对滨海浅滩近期回填的杂填土地基的强夯方法,并对施工中的一些问题予以分析,给出了处理办法。     

高真空击密法在软地基处理中的应用

姑合工程实践,介绍快速“高真空击密法”软地基处理方法的施工原理、施工工艺及质量控制等,并简单阐述“高真空击密法”在进行软地基处理中的优点。     

Calculation and analysis of negative skin of monopile applied for offshore wind turbine

Monopiles are considered to be as a kind of viable foundation types for offshore wind turbines. The effect of negative skin friction on pile foundation is always an important problem. There are very important theoretical and practical significance to study the distribution law of negative skin friction and the calculation method. Based on the special stratum, the stress and strain of the monopile and soil are simplified, and the improved Kezdi’s double-broken-line model is adopted. The analytical solution of negative skin friction of monopile is deduced according to the degree of skin friction. An engineering case was analyzed by the method, and the calculated results agree well with the measured data. The calculation method proposed can accurately describe the range of the monopile skin frictional distribution and the position of the neutral point, and it is simple and convenient to calculate, that is also a feasible method for calculating the negative skin friction of monopile of offshore wind turbines in practical engineering.