基于多特征加权的SAR影像舰船检测优化方法

针对合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar, SAR）影像辐射定标中角反射器布设受限等问题,提出一种利用通讯信号塔辅助求解SAR影像绝对辐射定标常数的方法。首先根据信号塔独特的几何结构特征,分别对上下两部分建立等效简化模型;然后利用物理光学法求解两部分等效模型的雷达截面积（radar cross section, RCS）,并叠加得到信号塔模型整体RCS;最后根据信号塔整体RCS,使用积分法求解SAR影像中信号塔脉冲响应能量及绝对辐射定标常数。为了验证所提方法的准确性,选取了4类常见类型的信号塔分别建立对应的等效简化模型并求解其对应RCS,同时利用FEKO软件仿真这4类信号塔。将所提方法实验结果与FEKO软件仿真结果进行对比,发现所提方法能够节约大量仿真所需时间,提升计算效率;对真实SAR影像进行绝对辐射定标常数求解,并与标称定标常数进行对比,结果表明,所提方法具有可行性和有效性。     

地震测深数据文件及其处理系统

本文在我国大规模开展地震测深工作的基础上,提出了地震测深数据文件系统,其目的在于在测深资料解释中引进数字处理技术,增加地震记录可用的信息量,建立地震测深数据库,从而促进我国深部研究工作中资料的相互交流. 在IBM-PC/XT微型计算机上,与本文的数据文件系统相应的数据采集、文件组织、绘制地震记录截面图以及对数字记录进行预处理等方面软件设计已经完成,从而建立了较完善的地震测深数据处理软件包.这个软件包在野外的使用表明,它具有效率高、使用方便的优点.     

末次冰期-间冰期旋回朝那黄土颜色特征及古气候意义

对黄土高原中部朝那剖面末次冰期-间冰期旋回黄土-古土壤序列色度指标与磁化率对比研究后发现,亮度L*值与Hm（赤铁矿）和Gt（针铁矿）的比值相关性较好,在S₀和L₁阶段其与Hm和Gt的比值呈正相关,在S₁阶段为负相关。红度a*与Hm和Gt的比值有较强的正相关关系,反映土壤发育时期的水热条件。而黄度b*与针铁矿的相关性较好,与低频磁化率χ_lf使用可以更好地反映土壤的发育程度。色度指标在变化频率和幅度上较磁化率大,能很好地识别S₁阶段弱黄土-古土壤层。     

Growth rates of Rhizocarpon geographicum lichens: a review with new data from Iceland

This paper reviews evidence from previous growth‐rate studies on lichens of the yellow‐green species of Subgenus Rhizocarpon—the family most commonly used in lichenometric dating. New data are presented from Rhizocarpon section Rhizocarpon thalli growing on a moraine in southern Iceland over a period of 4.33 yr. Measurements of 38 lichen thalli, between 2001 and 2005, show that diametral growth rate (DGR, mm yr^?1) is a function of thallus size. Growth rates increase rapidly in small thalli (<10 mm diameter), remain high (ca. 0.8 mm yr^?1) and then decrease gradually in larger thalli (>50 mm diameter). Mean DGR in southern Iceland, between 2001 and 2005, was 0.64 mm yr^?1 (SD = 0.24). The resultant growth‐rate curve is parabolic and is best described by a third‐order polynomial function. The striking similarity between these findings in Iceland and those of Armstrong ( 1983 ) in Wales implies that the shape of the growth‐rate curve may be characteristic of Rhizocarpon geographicum lichens. The difference between the absolute growth rate in southern Iceland and Wales (ca. 66% faster) is probably a function of climate and micro‐environment between the two sites. These findings have implications for previous lichenometric‐dating studies, namely, that those studies which assume constant lichen growth rates over many decades are probably unreliable. © British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2006. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The rectilinear three-body problem using symbol sequence I. Role of triple collision

The dynamical structure of phase space of gravitational Newtonian three bodies which lie on a line (rectilinear three-body system) is studied. We take an initial value plane and classify the points on the plane according to the fate of the orbits starting from the points, using symbol sequences. The structure appearing on the initial value plane with this classification was well studied for the equal-mass case (Tanikawa and Mikkola 2000, Chaos 10, 649–657). In this paper, we follow and clarify the changes of this structure with the mass ratio of three particles.     

定海—朱家尖海峡大桥工程选址评析

本文介绍在定海—朱家尖海峡大桥选址阶段,采用工程地球物理的浅地层剖面法和多次覆盖水上浅地震勘查,取得良好的块质效果,为朱家尖海峡大桥选址提供了科学的地质依据。     

招平断裂带北段金矿找矿新进展及控矿构造新认识

招平断裂带北段以玲珑金矿田的石英脉型金矿而闻名于世。21世纪以来,随着深部找矿的不断深入,地质工作者突破传统的石英脉型金矿找矿思路,将深部找矿的方向聚焦于招平断裂带北段的主干断裂蚀变破碎带上,蚀变岩型金矿找矿取得了重大的突破,截至2018年5月,累计探获新增金资源量超过800t。通过对招平断裂带北段空间展布、构造演化、构造控矿、构造-蚀变-矿化时空关系等方面的研究,发现NNE向的九曲蒋家断裂带及NE向破头青断裂在构造活动时间、蚀变特征、控矿特征等方面具有高度一致性,认为二者均为招平断裂带的分支。通过对两条断裂带的构造发育程度、蚀变强度、控制矿体规模等方面的对比研究,提出九曲蒋家断裂带为主干断裂,其深部找矿潜力更大,应为今后地质找矿的主要对象。     

RCS analysis in the detection of a generic missile target with sea clutter background

The detection of a missile target in heavy sea clutter is a significantly challenging problem due to the clutter effects. In this paper, the radar cross sections (RCS) of a pre-assumed generic missile model is computed with multilevel fast multi-pole algorithm (MLFMA), while the RCS of ocean surface is computed by a more reduced form of the fractional Weierstrass scattering model proposed here. At last, the computed RCS of missile model is compared with that of sea surface, and then the comparisons of missile-to-ocean RCS ratios of different incident angles, incident frequencies, and polarization patterns are also presented. The discussion and comparisons of RCS of the missile and ocean surface can help us to plan and design a radar system in the application of detection of a missile target or other analogous weaker targets in the strong sea clutter background.     

巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘查格勒布鲁剖面CGS1层段粒度特征及其指示的全新世千年尺度气候变化

位于巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘的查格勒布鲁剖面CGS1层段记录了全新世以来显示风力强弱的沙丘砂与黄土堆积旋回。以Md（Φ）、Mz（Φ）的5 Φ（31.5 μm）为界,可以划分出10个“C1-C10”明显的和1个“C11”较弱的（<5 Φ）旋回变化。其中,有7个属于沙丘砂与之上覆黄土或古土壤构成的旋回。这些旋回在Md（Φ）、Mz（Φ）上显示出多谷峰波动的形式。不仅如此,粒度的σ、SC/D值和>63 μm含量亦随之响应。研究认为,CGS1层段粗粒和细粒层位Md（Φ）等参数和>63 μm含量的变化分别代表了东亚冬夏季风的作用过程;冬季风时期的C1与北大西洋IRD事件的冷期B0和B1,C2、C3、C4依次与B2、B3、B4,C7、C9、C10依次与B5、B6、B7在时间-气候性质上具有很好的对应;北大西洋B8冷期在CGS1中没有明显表现,但仍然能够在Md（Φ）、Mz（Φ）曲线上看到这是一个<5 Φ的低值时期,而>63 μm的含量相应增高;C5、C6和C8寒冷时段虽未见于北大西洋,但在中国一些地点却有发现。这些由若干粒度指标反映出来的寒冷事件表明,在全新世东亚夏季风活动盛行的总的形势下还存在频繁的千年尺度的冬季风波动。而尤为重要的是这些寒冷事件存在的与北大西洋寒冷事件的遥相关的关系表明,除C5、C6和C8以外的CGS1粒度记录的寒冷事件都隐含了北大西洋的强烈信号。从这个意义上来说,笔者讨论的内容可为全新世北半球的D/O震荡及其形成机制提供一个比较理想的东亚季风变化与中国沙漠区域环境响应的地质证据。