井-震标定参数分析及薄层标定——以塔里木盆地哈得四油田为例

新疆塔里木盆地哈得四（HD4）油田的主要储层东河砂岩属于薄储层,其厚度小于1/4地震波长,根据地震数据难以分辨储层的顶界和底界。为了利用声波速度对薄储层进行有效的井-震标定,从井-震标定的原理出发,以哈得四油田的井-震标定为例,分析了标定过程中子波的主频、类型和相位及声波速度对合成地震道的影响,同时分析了声波速度与叠加速度转换的层速度之间的差别。提出以参考层为标准,并对声波速度进行微调的薄储层的标定方法。参考层在研究区是一套沉积环境相对稳定、厚度较大的地层,它对应于地震剖面上的一个振幅较强、反射轴连续并易于追踪的反射界面。利用上述方法,以哈得四油田二叠系火成岩及石炭系双峰灰岩为参考层,选取与研究区地震数据吻合性最好的子波,合理地调整声波速度,对哈得四油田的主要储层东河砂岩进行井-震标定,获得了较为理想的效果。     

强震山区低山斜坡地震动响应特征分析

2019-06-17四川省宜宾市长宁县6.0级地震后,双河镇布设了多个地震监测仪器,以获取不同场地条件下的地震动相关参数.研究结果表明:1)在同一介质下,60 m高程对地震动的峰值加速度放大可达1～3倍,阿里亚斯强度放大可达2～5倍,同时微地貌的不同可使放大效应具有一定的方向优势;2)在同一高程不同介质条件下,相较于砂...     

Assessment of seismic damage of thin and lightly reinforced concrete walls using fractal dimension of cracking

Length, maximum width, and residual width of cracks are key indicators of structural damage. However, pattern and propagation of cracks on the affected structural component should be also considered. In addition, damage evaluation based on visual inspection is a subjective and capricious procedure because the damage assessment relies on the expertise and judgment of the inspector engineer. In order to assess a rapid and reliable evaluation approach of seismic damage, pattern and propagation of cracks observed in thin and lightly reinforced concrete walls for low‐rise housing subjected to seismic demands are evaluated in this study by means of fractal dimension of cracking pattern. The proposed parameters are based on the results of an experimental program that comprised 39 low‐rise RC wall specimens having typical variables of this type of housing, such as low compressive strengths of concrete, thin walls, low axial loads, low reinforcement ratios, and web shear reinforcement made of deformed bars and welded‐wire meshes. A statistical analysis is carried out for computing values of fractal dimension associated to cracking patterns at key damage conditions. Recommendations of this study can help the inspector in estimating the current limit state or performance level of the wall and the story‐drift ratio experienced by the wall during shaking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic analysis of a tall metal wind turbine support tower with realistic geometric imperfections

The global growth in wind energy suggests that wind farms will increasingly be deployed in seismically active regions, with large arrays of similarly designed structures potentially at risk of simultaneous failure under a major earthquake. Wind turbine support towers are often constructed as thin‐walled metal shell structures, well known for their imperfection sensitivity, and are susceptible to sudden buckling failure under compressive axial loading. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the seismic response of a 1.5‐MW wind turbine steel support tower modelled as a near‐cylindrical shell structure with realistic axisymmetric weld depression imperfections. A selection of 20 representative earthquake ground motion records, 10 ‘near‐fault’ and 10 ‘far‐field’, was applied and the aggregate seismic response explored using lateral drifts and total plastic energy dissipation during the earthquake as structural demand parameters. The tower was found to exhibit high stiffness, although global collapse may occur soon after the elastic limit is exceeded through the development of a highly unstable plastic hinge under seismic excitations. Realistic imperfections were found to have a significant effect on the intensities of ground accelerations at which damage initiates and on the failure location, but only a small effect on the vibration properties and the response prior to damage. Including vertical accelerations similarly had a limited effect on the elastic response, but potentially shifts the location of the plastic hinge to a more slender and, therefore, weaker part of the tower. The aggregate response was found to be significantly more damaging under near‐fault earthquakes with pulse‐like effects and large vertical accelerations than far‐field earthquakes without these aspects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

薄片炸药作用于波纹板防爆墙时的流场压力分析

在薄片炸药冲击试验中,所产生的均布流场压力会对波纹板防爆墙造成中拱效果,但该作用机理尚未明确。在该试验的比较基础上,通过流固耦合法对薄片炸药所产生的流场压力变化开展研究。在分析波纹面板及空气的压力分布变化后,发现并揭示了波纹面板上出现第二次压力峰值和自由边压力耗散现象的机理。在此基础上定量分析了薄片炸药量和槽型深度对流场压力和波纹面板变形的变化规律。研究发现,随着炸药量增加,二次压力峰值将使波纹面板中拱现象愈加明显,而槽型深度会加大压力峰值。文中机理和定量分析可为海洋平台防爆结构的设计分析提供补充参考。     

数字地质图的特点及制图时应注意的几个问题

随着GIS技术引进地质领域,数字地质图全面取代了传统地质图。它克服了模拟地质图的缺欠,可快捷地实现投影变换、随意确定比例尺、任意选择显示范围、选取内容及内容的表达方式等,是今后地质成果的重要表现形式。     

三维地震属性技术在湖区的应用效果

微山湖湖区表层地震地质条件十分复杂,芦苇丛生,三维地震勘探野外数据采集采用自行研制的钻井平台加套管护壁的成孔工艺,沼泽检波器加上加长尾椎,提高了检波器的耦合效果,获取了高信噪比的三维地震数据。资料解释应用了三维可视化、相干数据体、地震属性技术进行三维构造精细化解释,明显提高了地震解释识别地下小地质构造及地震异常体的能力,它完善和发展了三维高分辨率地震勘探技术,扩大了地震勘探的应用范围,为解决煤矿开采阶段所遇到的构造、煤层等地质问题提供了一种综合应用的解释方法,在湖区的勘探开发中,取得了明显的地震地质效果。     

薄互煤层中透射槽波探测断层的正演模拟

为了研究西南地区矿井薄互煤层中透射槽波探测断层的可行性,选择具有代表性的攀枝花煤业集团某矿为研究对象,根据实际地质资料建立不含夹矸、含3层夹矸、含3层夹矸和断层的3个薄互煤层的地质模型,通过三维弹性波正演模拟分析槽波的波场特征和频散特征,总结振幅衰减系数成像在薄互煤层中槽波探测断层发育位置及延展方向的有效性;并结合实际应用,探讨了透射槽波在薄互煤层中的传播速度及频散特征,以及断层、夹矸对槽波传播的影响。结果表明：薄互煤层中透射槽波探测,断层在影响薄互煤层槽波传播中占主导作用;0.5 m以下夹矸对槽波的发育和能量成像影响不大;在煤厚相同的情况下,含夹矸层状模型相比不含夹矸层状模型的槽波主频低,槽波对煤厚2 m、夹矸厚度0.5 m以下的薄互煤层能够进行比较准确的探测。透射槽波可在薄互煤层中探测断距大于1/2煤厚的断层位置、走向及延展长度,可为西南地区薄互煤层中构造探查提供参考。     

广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析

Stockwell等人提出的S变换虽然与Fourier谱能保持直接联系，然而，由于S变换中的基本小波不适用于地震资料处理. 为此本文采用两个步骤对S变换加以推广，得到两种新变换（统称为广义S变换）. 首先， 用带有4个待定参数的调幅简谐波来代替S变换中的基本小波,定义广义S变换1，给出对应的逆变换；然后，以第一步中的基本小波的线性组合为新的基本小波，定义广义S变换2，并构造其逆变换公式. 最后，分别使用S变换及广义S变换对几种典型的薄互层模型进行分析计算. 结果表明，后者比前者有更强的探测能力， 后者可准确地确定厚度为1/8波长的薄互层中波阻抗界面位置，但前者却不能. 文中还用实际资料处理的结果，证明了广义S变换方法的有效性.     

大直径现浇混凝土薄壁筒桩技术及其应用

介绍了大直径现浇薄壁筒桩的技术特点和施工工艺，对其在海洋工程和高速公路软基处理中的成功应用做了实例介绍，并阐述了现浇混凝土筒桩施工过程的常见问题及预防处理措施。