波阻抗反演在东胜煤田勘探中的应用

东胜煤田为陆相沉积煤田,具有含煤层数多、厚度不均、层间距不稳定等特点,勘探区内地震反射波追踪对比存在多解性,严重影响了煤层的追踪对比。为破解该难题,对东胜煤田地震勘探资料进行了以模型为基础的多井约束岩性宽带反演,即:利用该勘探区的地震数据资料、对煤层反射波解释层位、断层数据,结合测井数据、岩性柱状数据及其它地质资料,进行多井约束下的二维叠后反演,对所得到的反演数据体再依据反演原理,结合已知测井数据进行地震属性反演,最终得到能够反映岩性变化的波阻抗数据。对波阻抗反演数据进行煤层追踪对比解释,准确圈定出区内煤层的赋存范围,并合理解释了煤层分叉、合并、尖灭及厚度变化等地质现象,取得了较为可靠的地质成果。     

Radiation energy flux of Dirac field of static spherically symmetric black holes

By the statistical entropy of the Dirac field of the static spherically symmetric black hole, the result is obtained that the radiation energy flux of the black hole is proportional to the quartic of the temperature of its event horizon. That is, the thermal radiation of the black hole always satisfies the generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann law. The derived generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann coefficient is no longer a constant. When the cut-off distance and the thin film thickness are both fixed, it is a proportional coefficient related to the space--time metric near the event horizon and the average radial effusion velocity of the radiation particles from the thin film. Finally, the radiation energy fluxes and the radiation powers of the Schwarzschild black hole and the Reissner--Nordstrõm black hole are derived, separately.     

柴达木盆地第四系气藏烃类检测研究

与致密的单相地质体相比,当地质体中含流体如油、气或水时,会引起地震波能量的衰减;通过提取反映地震波能量衰减快慢的属性就能在一定程度上预测地下的流体,这种属性体可以作为烃类检测因子.柴达木盆地第四系生物气藏分布范围广,勘探潜力巨大.为了更深入对柴达木盆地天然气藏进行预测研究,对本工区11条测线的纯波数据进行了衰减属性分析研究,效果非常好.为预测柴达木盆地第四系天然气藏提供了实际参考和理论依据.     

三峡工程道路交通网络管理信息系统构建研究

根据三峡工程道路交通网络管理的需要,设计建立了三峡工程交通管理信息系统。该系统以GIS技术为支撑,建立了三峡工程道路交通网络的空间数据库和属性数据库,开发了其道路网络信息查询、综合分析等功能模块,并可对属性数据和空间数据进行多种分析。     

薄层色谱法分析壳寡糖

建立壳寡糖的薄层色谱 (TL C)分析条件。通过对各种展开剂的实验 ,确定壳寡糖的 TL C最佳的展开剂是乙酸乙酯 :乙醇 :水 :氨水 =5 :5 :4 :0 .3。壳寡糖溶液上行展距为 8cm,采用浸渍法显色。本文方法分离效果好 ,简便 ,重现性好。     

Individual tree crown approach for predicting site index in boreal forests using airborne laser scanning and hyperspectral data

Site productivity is essential information for sustainable forest management and site index (SI) is the most common quantitative measure of it. The SI is usually determined for individual tree species based on tree height and the age of the 100 largest trees per hectare according to stem diameter. The present study aimed to demonstrate and validate a methodology for the determination of SI using remotely sensed data, in particular fused airborne laser scanning (ALS) and airborne hyperspectral data in a forest site in Norway. The applied approach was based on individual tree crown (ITC) delineation: tree species, tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and age were modelled and predicted at ITC level using 10-fold cross validation. Four dominant ITCs per 400 m² plot were selected as input to predict SI at plot level for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). We applied an experimental setup with different subsets of dominant ITCs with different combinations of attributes (predicted or field-derived) for SI predictions. The results revealed that the selection of the dominant ITCs based on the largest DBH independent of tree species, predicted the SI with similar accuracy as ITCs matched with field-derived dominant trees (RMSE: 27.6% vs 23.3%). The SI accuracies were at the same level when dominant species were determined from the remotely sensed or field data (RMSE: 27.6% vs 27.8%). However, when the predicted tree age was used the SI accuracy decreased compared to field-derived age (RMSE: 27.6% vs 7.6%). In general, SI was overpredicted for both tree species in the mature forest, while there was an underprediction in the young forest. In conclusion, the proposed approach for SI determination based on ITC delineation and a combination of ALS and hyperspectral data is an efficient and stable procedure, which has the potential to predict SI in forest areas at various spatial scales and additionally to improve existing SI maps in Norway.     

Spatial and temporal variations in minibasin geometry and evolution in salt tectonic provinces: Lower Congo Basin,offshore Angola

In passive margin salt basins, the distinct kinematic domains of thin‐skinned extension, translation and contraction exert important controls on minibasin evolution. However, the relationship between various salt minibasin geometries and kinematic domain evolution is not clear. In this study, we use a semi‐regional 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola, to investigate the evolution of a network of minibasins and intervening salt walls during thin‐skinned, gravity‐driven salt flow. Widespread thin‐skinned extension occurred during the Cenomanian to Coniacian, accommodated by numerous distributed normal faults that are typically 5–10 km long and spaced 1–4 km across strike within the supra‐salt cover. Subsequently, during the Santonian–Paleocene, multiple, 10–25 km long, 5–7 km wide depocentres progressively grew and linked along strike to form elongate minibasins separated by salt walls of comparable lengths. Simultaneous with the development of the minibasins, thin‐skinned contractional deformation occurred in the southwestern downslope part of the study area, forming folds and thrusts that are up to 20 km long and have a wavelength of 2–4 km. The elongate minibasins evolved into turtle structures during the Eocene to Oligocene. From the Miocene onwards, contraction of the supra‐salt cover caused squeezing and uplift of the salt walls, further confining the minibasin depocentres. We find kinematic domains of extension, translation and contraction control the minibasin initiation and subsequent evolution. However, we also observe variations in minibasin geometries associated with along‐strike growth and linkage of depocentres. Neighbouring minibasins may have different subsidence rates and maturity leading to marked variations in their geometry. Additionally, migration of the contractional domain upslope and multiple phases of thin‐skinned salt tectonics further complicates the spatial variations in minibasin geometry and evolution. This study suggests that minibasin growth is more variable and complex than existing domain‐controlled models would suggest.     

自然禀赋与政区类型对中国县域经济发展的影响

传统研究对经济发展的影响分析多集中于社会经济指标,对“先天赋予”的自然禀赋与“后天叠加”的行政“身份特征”研究较少。在探究自然禀赋因素的同时,引入市辖区、省会、城市群以及各个交互项的行政身份虚拟变量,使用2015年夜间灯光数据表征县域经济,利用空间自相关展现中国县域经济发展格局,并通过回归分析揭示自然禀赋与政区类型对县域经济发展的影响。研究发现：① 中国县域经济存在显著的正向空间自相关特征,且县域经济统计指标表明的确存在显著的空间差异现象。② 城乡差距仍是中国区域差异的最主要特征,其中省会地区的城乡差距更为明显。③ 分区域来看,东部地区经济一体化程度高,内部差异较小,西部地区省会-非省会差异与城乡差距均高于全国平均水平,而中部地区省会区域与非省会区域的差距要大于城乡差距。④ 三种政区类型中,市辖区类型对经济促进作用最为明显,省会类型次之,城市群最弱。⑤ 通过交互项分析,城市群对中国区县经济发展的促进作用已十分明显,尤其在东部地区,不仅可提高经济发展水平,同时对于缩小城乡差距也起到一定作用,但在中西部地区作用较弱。⑥ 自然禀赋对中国经济发展起到一定作用,坡度大于15°面积比例过大以及平均海拔过高是制约经济发展的不利因素。⑦ 通过对自然禀赋和政区类型交互项的分析,城市群战略的实施可以缩小由地形地貌所造成的县域经济差距。     

地下曲流河道单砂体内部薄夹层建筑结构研究方法

单砂体内部薄夹层因规模小、薄、不稳定、参数与分布难于确定等,致使覆盖盆地单砂体内部薄夹层及其建筑结构研究较少且难度很大,为此,本文以曲流河道沉积、建筑结构模式为指导,充分利用岩芯、测井、密井网等油田现有资料,提出了‘一整套地下曲流河道单砂体内部薄夹层建筑结构研究方法’,特别是以‘侧积泥、侧积面、废弃河道的识别、恢复、测算;河道几何学、河流工程参数计算;建筑结构理论模式为基础的‘单一侧积泥岩薄夹层建筑结构参数（倾角、倾向、规模）三类13种提取方法’及薄夹层分布密度与河道侧积轨迹研究技术,为这一难题的解决提供了可行的思路与方法。并以杏南油田PⅠ31b单元为靶区,应用该方法确定了曲流河道单砂体内部薄夹层及其建筑结构理论模式和研究区实际模式。     

Study of formation boundary and dip attribute extraction based on edge detection technology

In the seismic profile interpretation process,as the seismic data are big and the small geological fea-tures are difficult to identify,improvement of the efficiency is needed.In this study,structure tensor method in computer image edge detection processing is applied into the 2D seismic profile.Coherent attribute is used to extract formation edge.At the same time,extracting the eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the seismic geometric properties which include dip and apparent dip,automatic identification is achieved.Testing the Gaussian kernel function with synthetic models and comparing the coherent attribute and dip attribute extraction results before and after,the conclusion that Gaussian filter can remove the random noise is obtained.