Unravelling the spirals: a serial thin-section study and three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction of spiral-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts

Abstract Seventy-seven spatially orientated, serial thin sections cut from a single rock reveal changes in the geometry of spiral-shaped inclusion trails (SSITs) in garnet porphyroblasts. The observed SSITs are doubly curved, non-cylindrical surfaces, with total inclusion-trail curvature decreasing systematically from the cores to the rims of porphyroblasts. The three-dimensional geometry of the SSITs, reconstructed with the aid of computer graphics, shows that the orientations of spiral axes defined by the SSITs are not related in any expected nor predictable way to the main foliation in the matrix. This suggests continued deformation after or during the latest stages of porphyroblast growth, which has important implications for the use of SSITs as shear-sense indicators. Whether the formation of SSITs involves significant porphyroblast rotation with respect to a geographically fixed reference frame cannot be determined from the available data.     

通用三维GIS场数据模型研究与实践

随着三维地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)应用的发展,空中电磁信号场、空气与水体污染场、地下地质属性场等连续、非匀质的三维空间属性场数据进行建模、可视化与分析计算对GIS基础软件提出了新的挑战。已被广泛应用的TIN(triangulated irregular network)与栅格数据属于表面模型,通常用来表达二维场数据,其中由TIN组成的封闭表面可用于表达三维体,但两者都无法描述非匀质、连续变化的三维属性场。探讨了在通用GIS基础软件中基于TIN和Grid进行升维表达,实现不规则四面体网格(tetrahedralized irregular mesh,TIM)和体元栅格(voxel grid)两大类三维空间场数据模型,分析了两类数据模型的特点,探讨了三维场数据在可视化和分析计算方面的关键技术,实现了基于TIM与体元栅格表达和应用三维GIS场数据,完善了GIS三维数据模型体系,实现了空/天、地表、地下全空间的一体化表达、模拟与分析计算。     

薄互层地区高品质地震资料采集影响因素试验研究

根据薄互层地区地质特点,以及所要达到的分辨率的要求,确定了所要保护的主频频率和施工参数。针对影响分辨率的因素,在激发时使用小药量和“钻杆扫描”的方法选择激发深度;在接收时使用中高频检波器、小组合和检波器下井接收的方法,并对它们进行逐一论证,取得了较好的效果。     

基于属性数学的工程测量职业技能鉴定综合评价

探讨了工程测量职业技能鉴定的内容，并建立了鉴定的指标体系，将属性综合评价法应用于技能鉴定评价中，使职业技能鉴定工作科学化、准确化、智能化。     

数字土地信息中属性数据的质量控制

提出了一种数字土地信息属性数据质量的检验、度量和分析的方法。首先给出了基于简单随机抽样和分层抽样的属性数据缺陷率度量数学模型 ,基于该统计模型 ,以某工业开发区的农村土地利用现状数据为例 ,探讨了土地利用属性数据的质量抽样方案、质量度量和质量分析的具体思路     

浅埋深、薄基岩、厚松散含水层下煤层综合机械化开采防治水技术应用

神东煤炭公司大柳塔矿12404工作面煤层埋深浅，上覆基岩薄、松散含水层厚，且地表有河流横过(工作面长度240m，推进度3900m，其中薄基岩富水段150m)，为了减少工作面搬家次数提高生产效益，采取了地面抽排水、井下泄放水及地面注浆固沙等有效的防治水措施，工作面安全通过了母河沟，该防治水方法的应用改变了以往类似情况进行留煤柱跳采的方法，取得了浅埋深薄基岩厚含水层下煤层综合机械化安全开采经验，比停产跳采节省搬家费用2400万元，获得了显著的经济效益。     

基于地震-测井数据预测储层参数空间分布规律的神经网络模型

研究了地震资料的特征参数与储层参数间的神经网络模型。建立了相互之间的非线性映射，可以横向预测目的层的储层参数，实现地震资料和测井资料联合预测储层参数的空间分布规律。实验结果表明，该方法是可行的。     

Modelling of the conductance distribution at the eastern margin of the European Hercynides

Magnetic variation data recorded at 143 sites in the period range of 1000–6000 seconds were used to model the conductance distribution in the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif (BM) and the West Carpathians (WCP). The region represents a contact zone of the Palaeozoic Hercynian and Tertiary Carpathian orogenic systems. Two anomalies in the distribution of the electrical conductivity were found. One with a simple two-dimensional feature is located approximately near the boundary of the Inner and Outer West Carpathians, but the other of a complicated three-dimensional character is at the eastern margin of the BM. We inverted the observed geomagnetic data for the conductance in a unimodal thin sheet embedded at a specific depth. The inversion algorithm minimises the parametric functional that sums the squared norm of the misfit and the stabilising functional, and employs conjugate gradient optimisation. To express the sharp tectonic boundaries, we employed a minimum gradient support functional, which is applied in areas with strong variations of the model parameters. The inversion results confirmed a quasi-linear character of the regional anomaly distinguishing the Carpathian plate and led to new insight into the anomaly over the eastern margin of the BM. According to the results of the modelling the anomaly is formed by several conductive belts intersecting the anomalous zone. These belts follow important faults, dividing the transition zone between the BM and the WCP into individual blocks.     

盐下特低孔渗碳酸盐岩油藏高产带地震预测方法研究

肯吉亚克油田石炭系油藏属持低孔渗、异常高压碳酸盐岩油藏，它除了具有埋深大，非均质性强，油气成藏控制因素复杂等特点外，其上还覆盖巨厚盐丘，造成盐下地震反射时间和振幅畸变严重，地震成像差、信噪比低和分辨率低，给储层预测工作带来极大困难。如何正确预测油藏高产带分布规律是高效开发这类油藏的关键，本文研究从分析形成碳酸盐岩油藏高产带的主控因素入手，通过井震标定，优选反映碳酸盐岩岩相、岩溶、物性和裂缝的地震属性，结合地震、地质、测井、油藏工程和钻井资料，把盐下特低孔渗碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测问题分解成构造解释、岩相预测、岩溶预测、物性预测、裂缝预测和综合评价等六个环节。宏观上，通过建立断裂、岩相、岩溶模式，定性预测储层分布有利区带；微观上，通过多参数储层特征反演和多属性综合分析，定量、半定量预测有利储层分布，有效解决盐下碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测难题，基本搞清本区碳酸盐岩油藏高产带分布规律，为优选有利勘探和开发目标提供依据。文中提出的方法和技术对解决国内外碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测和其他复杂储层预测问题有借鉴作用。     

三维AVO解释技术在洪泽地区岩性油藏勘探中的应用

洪泽地区由于沉积的特点，储层横向变化快，油藏受构造、岩性、油源多因素控制。在对该区三维AVO属性体解释中，利用多元回归方法求取了横波曲线，分岩性和含油气性统计了纵、横波、泊松比参数分布规律，建立了本区的含油砂岩的正演模型，从而降低了AVO解释的多解性。通过井-震结合对四种AVO属性数据体进行了标定，并确定了各属性体应用范围，进而进行了储层和含油气检测。实践表明，该方法能有效地利用AVO属性数据体进行储层预测及油气检测，具有一定的推广价值。