河口三角洲地区洪水沉积研究进展

洪水事件沉积的研究对古洪水系列的重建和洪水沉积模式的建立具有重要意义,它还是古气候变化的一种响应。概述了国内外洪水事件沉积研究的最新进展,提出了洪水事件的判别标志,并对当前洪水事件研究存在的问题进行了探讨,提出了应该在沉积环境相对稳定的、沉积速率相对较低的河口三角洲地区开展高分辨洪水事件研究。     

不锈钢表面纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜制备及防腐蚀性能

采用溶胶凝胶法在不锈钢基体(304ss)上制备叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征纳米复合薄膜材料的晶体结构和微观形貌,通过交流阻抗技术(EIS)和极化曲线(Polarization Curves)电化学方法研究不锈钢表面纳米复合薄膜在模拟海水体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:制备叠层式纳米复合薄膜TiO2为锐钛矿型,SnO2为金红石型;不锈钢表面构筑叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜颗粒粒径小,分布均匀且表面致密。电化学测试表明,叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜阻抗值高于TiO2薄膜,且对不锈钢基体阳极反应有明显钝化过程,具有良好防腐蚀性能;同时叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜存在最优叠加SnO2层数,叠加3层SnO2的纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜电极防腐蚀性能最佳。     

石油地震勘探中的薄层解释研究方法综述

概述了当前石油地震勘探中薄层研究的下列主要方面:关于薄层的标定,主要方法有垂直地震剖面法、理论合成记录法、平均速度法和多档滤波法;薄层厚度求取的主要方法有:相对振幅—时间厚度法、间接振幅法、反射波特征点法、积分振幅与视时差乘积法、窄带滤波法以及标定曲线法和振幅谱能量等方法;薄储集体圈定及横向预测,主要着重于由界面型剖面向岩层型剖面转换方法的研究,如:地震岩性模拟技术、合成声波测井等方法。     

Semi-automated bathymetric spectral decomposition delineates the impact of mass wasting on the morphological evolution of the continental slope,offshore Israel

Understanding continental-slope morphological evolution is essential for predicting basin deposition. However, separating the imprints and chronology of different seafloor shaping processes is difficult. This study explores the utility of bathymetric spectral decomposition for separating and characterizing the variety of interleaved seafloor imprints of mass wasting, and clarifying their role in the morphological evolution of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea passive-margin slope. Bathymetric spectral decomposition, integrated with interpretation of seismic profiles, highlights the long-term shape of the slope and separates the observed mass transport elements into several genetic groups: (1) a series of ~25 km wide, now-buried slide scars and lobes; (2) slope-parallel bathymetric scarps representing shallow faults; (3) slope-perpendicular, open slope slide scars; (4) bathymetric roughness representing debris lobes; (5) slope-confined gullies. Our results provide a multi-scale view of the interplay between sediment transport, mass transport and shallow faulting in the evolution of the slope morphology. The base of the slope and focused disturbances are controlled by ~1 km deep salt retreat, and mimic the Messinian base of slope. The top of the open-slope is delimited by faults, accommodating internal collapse of the margin. The now-buried slides were slope-confined and presumably cohesive, and mostly nucleated along the upper-slope faults. Sediment accumulations, infilling the now-buried scars, generated more recent open-slope slides. These latter slides transported ~10 km³ of sediments, depositing a significant fraction (~3 m in average) of the sediments along the base of the studied slope during the past < 50 ka. South to north decrease in the volume of the open-slope slides highlight their role in counterbalancing the northwards diminishing sediment supply and helping to maintain a long-term steady-state bathymetric profile. The latest phase slope-confined gullies were presumably created by channelling of bottom currents into slide-scar depressions, possibly establishing incipient canyon headword erosion.     

中国南方湿润区红层地貌及相关问题探讨

我国红层出露面积广大,但地学界对红层关注不足,各学科对红层问题的研究缺乏融合,存在着＂多张皮＂的问题;尤其是对红层这个特殊的脆弱地理单元的土地退化及生态环境问题缺少关注。南方湿润区是我国红层集中分布区之一,大部分红层区存在着严重的地貌灾害和水土流失问题,甚至分布着许多＂红层荒漠＂。红层区的土地退化虽与人的不合理利用关系...     

The Dawson Cut Forest Bed in the Fairbanks area, Alaska, is about two million years old☆

The Dawson Cut Forest Bed lies in the lower part of thick, late Cenozoic loess deposits in the Fairbanks area. It is associated with several distal tephra beds that provide age control and offer the opportunity of its recognition elsewhere in central Alaska. EC tephra (named herein) occurs in the uppermost part of the Dawson Cut Forest Bed and its petrographic and chemical properties point to a co-magmatic relationship with PA tephra, which has not been found in direct association with the forest bed. Both tephra beds are pink and have unusually high Cl in their glass shards, which readily separates them from all other tephra beds in the Fairbanks area. They were produced by discrete eruptions, closely spaced in time. PA tephra has a glass-fission-track age of 2.02 ± 0.14 myr, indicating that the Dawson Cut Forest Bed must be about 2 million years old. The Palisades tephra (named herein) has very similar properties to these two tephra beds, suggesting that the buried forest bed just above it at the Palisades site on the Yukon River, about 250 km west of Fairbanks, correlates with the Dawson Cut Forest Bed.     

Stratigraphy and depositional setting of slurry and contained (reflected) beds in the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation (Langhian‐Serravallian) Northern Apennines,Italy

This work presents the stratigraphy and facies analysis of an interval of about 2500 m in the Langhian and Serravallian stratigraphic succession of the foredeep turbidites of the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation. A high‐resolution stratigraphic analysis was performed by measuring seven stratigraphic logs between the Sillaro and Marecchia lines (60 km apart) for a total thickness of about 6700 m. The data suggest that the stratigraphy and depositional setting of the studied interval was influenced by syndepositional structural deformations. The studied stratigraphic succession has been subdivided into five informal stratigraphic units on the basis of how structurally controlled topographic highs and depocentres, a consequence of thrust propagation, change over time. These physiographic changes of the foredeep basin have also been reconstructed through the progressive appearance and disappearance of thrust‐related mass‐transport complexes and of five bed types interpreted as being related to structurally controlled basin morphology. Apart from Bouma‐like Type‐4 beds, Type‐1 tripartite beds, characterized by an internal slurry unit, tend to increase especially in structurally controlled stratigraphic units where intrabasinal topographic highs and depocentres with slope changes favour both mud erosion and decelerations. Type‐2 beds, with an internal slump‐type chaotic unit, characterize the basal boundary of structurally controlled stratigraphic units and are interpreted as indicating tectonic uplift. Type‐3 beds are contained‐reflected beds that indicate different degrees of basin confinement, while Type‐5 are thin and fine‐grained beds deposited by dilute reflected turbulent flows able to rise up the topographic highs. The vertical and lateral distribution of these beds has been used to understand the synsedimentary structural control of the studied stratigraphic succession, represented in the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation by subtle topographic highs and depocentres created by thrust‐propagation folds and emplacements of large mass‐transport complexes.