φ75 mm双管单动采煤管在薄煤层及粉煤钻探中的应用

在邻水孔家山井田钻探施工中,由于施工区域煤层厚度不稳定,并且煤层主要以粉煤为主,前期技术准备不充分,造成煤层打丢打薄。通过对其原因的分析及采煤工具的选取和采煤工艺的摸索,引入Ф75 mm双管单动采煤管,并确定了一套简单易行的采煤工艺方法。应用表明,该钻具及工艺能够极大地提高煤样的采取率,防止煤层打薄打丢情况的发生。     

东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积环境特征及沉积充填模式

沉积盆地中沉积环境特征控制了砂体沉积成因类型及盆地沉积充填模式。通过对东营凹陷丰深2井、官112井及梁120井沙四下亚段泥质沉积物系统取样,进行全岩X衍射分析和常量及微量地球化学元素分析,在此基础上对东营凹陷沙四下亚段古气候和古盐度指标进行分析。结果表明,古气候指标Rb/Sr比值与石英+长石含量、Cr元素含量及P元素含量呈正比,含量增加反映了气候相对潮湿,与古盐度指标碳酸盐+硫酸盐含量呈反比,其含量增加反映了气候相对干旱。东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积时期气候干湿交替频繁,气候潮湿时期相对湖平面上升,湖水盐度降低;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖水盐度升高,使得此时期湖泊呈现为高频振荡性盐湖特征。气候潮湿时期以沉积碎屑沉积物为主,包括冲积扇、浅水型三角洲、滨湖滩坝及近岸水下扇沉积,由于湖水盐度较低,洼陷带主要沉积泥岩、灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩和少量泥质膏岩;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖泊水体盐度升高,洼陷带以沉积膏盐岩为特征,垂向上具有含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的演化序列,平面上表现为由湖泊边缘向湖泊中心发育灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的环带状结构特征。     

基于气候变化特征的红层划分对比——以东营凹陷南坡为例

首次利用气候变化特征,对由于缺少特征古生物化石资料而长期难以进行地层划分的东营凹陷南坡始新统沙河街组四段下亚段——孔店组一段的红层进行了有效划分。采用基于孢粉化石Ephedripites相对含量约束下的测井数据法恢复相对古气候变化,首先根据Ephedripites相对含量的变化确定气候变化拐点(最干旱点)的位置段,再根据能谱测井数据或常规测井数据计算出的连续粘土矿物组成确定气候拐点的具体点,即为层位界线。根据标准井测井数据建立的数学模型,可以对该井附近新钻探井的红层进行划分对比,其科学性、合理性已被之后的勘探成果所证实。该方法为缺少古生物化石数据的"哑地层"划分提供了一种新思路。     

再论华南志留系红层的时代

牙形刺P.eopennatus带的确立和P.celloni带、P.amorphognathoides带的细分,使华南Llandovery统的划分和对比发生了变化,以往归入P.celloni带的地层,极大多数都要归属到P.eopennatus带,层位变低。依据牙形刺生物地层的分析,溶溪组（下红层）的时代可能为埃隆期晚期,...     

超长细桩成孔垂直度施工控制

通过天津高银商务区117主塔楼基础桩施工实践,就超长细桩成孔垂直度控制问题进行试验、研究,提出一些具体的控制措施,总结了施工经验和体会。     

泥沙颗粒生长生物膜后起动的实验研究——Ⅱ.起动流速计算

泥沙颗粒生长生物膜后,起动流速发生了较大变化.根据生长生物膜后的泥沙起动流速实验数据,考虑天然水体中,生物膜填充于颗粒与颗粒之间形成除水以外新的介质,将生物膜的作用模化为生物膜作用产生的粘连力,再考虑生物膜随时间变化的特性以及基底物理特性的影响等因素,结合泥沙颗粒之间由于薄膜水产生的黏结力、重力等,研究了颗粒在滑动和滚...     

淮南市朱集东矿井新生界松散层地下水开采保证程度评价

利用淮南市朱集东矿井新生界松散层供水水文地质勘探成果和抽水试验资料,查明了区内新生界松散层供水含水层的供水水文地质条件,认为第一含水层埋藏浅,易受污染,水量随季节变化大,不宜作为生活饮用水供水水源,第三含水层水质较差,亦不作为生活饮用水供水水源,确定了第二含水层为矿区主要供水层位。采用解析法对第二含水层的水量进行了计算,并设计了布井方案,计算了井群水量;水位预报结果表明,开采50a后,3#、4#井中的水位最大降深为35.229m,小于其顶板埋深,说明拟建井群布置是合适的。评价结果为矿井供水设计提供了依据。     

Early Devonian synorogenic alluvial-fan deposits of the Maccullochs Range,western New South Wales

The Early Devonian, Maccullochs Range beds (new) of the Winduck Interval largely comprise non-marine fine-grained sheet-flood-deposited sandstones which lie in the southeast sector of the Darling Basin Conjugate Fault System. Deposition of the >2.5 km-thick sequence occurred on the Wilcannia, Towers and Coolabah Bore alluvial fans, that were sourced largely from lightly indurated sandstone caps overlying a large basement high lying north of the Darling River Lineament, and also from west of Maccullochs Range (Coolabah Bore Fan). Four lithofacies are recognised. Lithofacies 1, massive sandstone, is proximal and was deposited from hyperconcentrated sheet floods. The more distal lithofacies 2 is partly massive, partly laminated and partly affected by soft sediment slumping during its deposition. It contains 1.3 – 3.5 m-thick sheet-flood successions that rarely show cross-bedding. Lithofacies 3 and 4 are minor: lithofacies 3, stream-flood deposited, comprises coarse-grained, pebbly sandstone and lithofacies 4, transient playa lake deposits that are locally intercalated with lithofacies 2. In lithofacies 2, thick massive fine-grained sandstone is commonly overlain by laminated sandstone that was deformed when soft. Incised channel deposits in lithofacies 2 deposits are rare and palaeosols were not discovered. Permanency of the positions of two of the alluvial fans, and by inference their feeder streams, remained unchanged for ～9 million years. The fans overlie probable floodplain deposits observed in a quarry in the easternmost part of the study area. Marine fossils are very minor in the range—the brachiopod Howellella jaqueti at one locality indicates an Early Devonian age for one of the brief marine incursions into what was normally an alluvial-fan environment. Very brief marine incursions elsewhere in the group are deduced from the presence of very rare fossil gastropods.     

Syngenetic gold in western Victoria: occurrence,age and dimensions

In western Victoria, a widespread stratiform style of gold enrichment in Palaeozoic black mudstone and chert—clearly different from the classic mesothermal quartz vein deposits of the Victorian goldfields—has been confirmed by whole-rock geochemistry and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). This enrichment pre-dates compaction, deformation and low-grade metamorphism of the sedimentary host-rocks, and therefore possibly developed diagenetically during slow deposition of the thin carbonaceous black mudstone beds and the thinner layers of chert. These paired strata have been documented at many locations in three regional outcrop areas of chevron-folded Cambrian and Lower Ordovician metasediments in the Stawell and Bendigo Zones, where they are interbedded with quartz-rich turbidites. The layers were named ‘indicators’ by the early miners, who found locally rich nuggety gold deposits at intersections between these layers and mesothermal quartz veins. Gold is present in euhedral pyrite crystals in both black shale and chert. LA-ICPMS analysis of individual pyrite crystals in the indicator beds shows that pyrite is enriched in Au, As, Sb, Se, Te and Bi. The Au content of pyrite varies from 0.03 to 2.69 ppm with a mean of 0.58 ppm and shows a positive correlation with As, which varies from 1000 to 6000 ppm. Many pyrite crystals show enrichment of gold in their cores and depletion in their rims, confirming the likely syngenetic or syndiagenetic accumulation of gold during pyrite formation in the sediments. Prior to regional metamorphism, folding and faulting, the many indicator strata in the outcrop areas were parts of an extensive marine sequence of Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician age. The former primary source of this mineralisation is considered to have been one or more contemporaneously exhalative submarine hydrothermal systems. Thus, the older Palaeozoic sediments of the western Lachlan Fold Belt were significantly enriched in syngenetic gold in the Early Palaeozoic, at least 40 million years before emplacement of the quartz – gold vein deposits of the goldfields.