Parametric study on performance of bridge retrofitted by unseating prevention devices

1 Introduction Structural retro?t techniques (Roberts, 2005), such as restrainers, concrete shear keys, steel jackets, CFRPshells, base isolators, or dampers have been widely studied and implemented in actual structures based on the experiences learned from past earthquakes. In the Chi-Chi earthquake (EERI, 2001), the damage to simply-supported PCI girder bridges provided a different view from which to examine the function of a rubber bearing system for simply- supported bridges (NCREE,…     

高程对TDICCD相机像移补偿影响分析

高分辨率遥感卫星中常使用TDICCD(时间延迟积分CCD)相机,为获取高质量遥感影像,在相机成像过程中须采用像移补偿技术,而目前大部分像移补偿忽略了高程的影响。基于参考椭球面下成像矢量模型,建立考虑高程的成像矢量模型及解算方法流程,精确地计算相机成像时像点对应地面成像点的坐标及像移补偿参数。根据计算结果,分析高程对像移补偿参数的影响,在此基础上,综合考虑像移补偿参数精度对高程误差的要求、星上存储空间及高程查询速度,讨论星载数字高程模型(DEM)的生成,为星载DEM的使用及TDICCD相机高精度像移补偿提供理论基础和实验分析。     

多频测深初探

在频率域测深的基础上,提出了多频测深方法,实现一机多频同时观测的目的,以提高观测速度。本文讨论了多频观测方法的理论依据及工作特点,并提示实现这种观测的方案。     

动三轴试验固结时间对动剪切模量比和阻尼比影响的初步分析

动三轴试验是将试样在轴对称的三轴应力下进行固结,在不排水条件下进行的振动试验,同时可测定土样的动剪切模量比和阻尼比。土的动剪切模量比和阻尼比是土动力学特性的2个重要参数,在工程场地地震安全性评价工作和土层地震反应分析中不可缺少。为了减少工期,提高工效,及时而又准确地提交报告,我们结合自己多年的土工试验经验,对可塑状态以上的粘性土试样进行了缩短固结时间的对比试验,并得到理想的试验结果。     

The duration of near‐peak metamorphism from diffusion modelling of garnet zoning

Garnet in a staurolite–kyanite zone sample from central Vermont displays a bell‐shaped Mn growth zoning with diffusional modification over the outer 100 μm. The diffusion is driven by the prograde net transfer reaction garnet + chlorite = kyanite + biotite as is evidenced by a well‐defined resorption zone on the rim. Analysis of the reaction history and resorbed garnet composition suggests that the peak temperature attained was 620–660 °C. Diffusional modelling of the rim diffusion provides an estimate of the duration of the metamorphic episode over which significant garnet diffusion occurs. The duration is a function of the assumed peak temperature and garnet diffusivities and range from a few hundred thousand years to a few million years. Such short durations require rapid tectonic burial and exhumation of relatively thin tectonic slices.     

SAS/ETS在变形监测数据处理中的应用

在综合考虑数学模型的预测精度与编程实现的可操作性基础上,提出了利用模块对变形监测数据进行时间序列分析,并概括介绍了该模块的3个主要命令使用方法,解决了时间序列分析在监测数据处理中实现起来非常繁琐的问题。最后通过与环境下动态灰色模型综合比较,证明了时间序列分析在变形监测数据处理中操作简单,模拟精度和预测精度都较高。     

Semi-automatic delineation of badlands using contrast in vegetation activity: a case study in the lower Chambal valley,India

Population growth worldwide leads to an increasing pressure on the land. Recent studies reported that many areas covered by badlands are decreasing because parts of badlands are being levelled and converted into arable land. It is important to monitor these changes for environmental planning. This paper proposes a remote-sensing-based detection method which allows mapping of badland dynamics based on seasonal vegetation changes in the lower Chambal valley, India. Supervised classification was applied on three Landsat (Thematic Mapper) images, from 3 different seasons; January (winter), April (summer) and October (post-monsoon). Different band selection methods were applied to get the best classification. Validation was done by ground referencing and a GeoEye-1 satellite image. The image from January performed best with overall accuracy of 87% and 0.69 of kappa. This method opens the possibilities of using semi-automatic classification for the Chambal badlands which is so far mapped with manual interpretations only.     

基于相机摄影测量的冰面反照率反演方法研究

雪冰反照率是冰川与积雪能量平衡计算的关键参数,也是观测的难点. 为测量冰面反照率,试验采用相机摄影测量技术,在祁连山十一冰川开展了自动拍摄、并利用共线方程进行冰川正射制图,在此基础上于2012年7月28日-8月18日在冰川表面开展了不同海拔梯度的反照率观测. 通过统计分析晴天与阴天观测反照率与对应点相机拍摄获取的RGB归一化指数之间的关系,对十一冰川进行冰面反照率参数化方法研究. 结果表明：晴天冰面反照率与RGB归一化指数存在明显的指数关系,拟合R²达到0.79;而阴天的统计关系较差,线性拟合R²仅为0.52. 据此尝试利用晴天的拟合公式对整个冰面进行反照率参数化,计算表明：在晴天冰川表面地形阴影区的反照率存在低估现象,而无阴影区的反照率估算结果可信度较高. 利用2013年的反照率观测数据进行了参数化方案的验证,结果表明：观测值与模拟值平均误差仅为0.037,表明利用RGB影像对反照率参数化具有一定的可用性和可靠性.     

Appropriate monitoring techniques using bomb tritium and other geochemical parameters in hydrogeological investigations

ABSTRACT

A critical review of earlier uses of bomb tritium spotlights problems in its applications that may result in erroneous interpretations. The old monitoring technique using boreholes causes mixing of groundwaters of different age zones. In this study, the mixing problem is overcome by using modern monitoring devices of multi-level samplers and bundle piezometers that yield groundwater samples of small volumes at closely-spaced intervals. The old method may be used to determine recharge and discharge areas of aquifers and used where pollution poses no serious threat. Otherwise, the major pumpage of the aquifer distorts and reverses flow directions, causes mixing of different waters and may spread the pollutants. The disadvantages of the modern method include its restricted use in shallow aquifers and porous media.