流动注射在线分离预浓集—同位素稀释—电感耦合等离子体质谱测定地质样品中的铕

建立了一种利用P507树脂微柱在线分离预浓集－同位素稀释－电感耦合等离子体质谱测定地质样品中铕的方法。样品消耗量为7．5mL时，实现了16倍的预浓集因数。通过分析标准地质样品验证了该方法的可行性，结果与标准值一致，相对标准偏差（n＝5）为6．9％－9．2％。用于分析重晶石样品并作加入回收实验，进一步验证了该方法的可行性，回收率为82％－98％。该方法测定Eu的检出限为22ng／L。     

铁置换-硫酸铵-碘化钾-丁基罗丹明B浮选分离镉

研究了以铁置换除去Ag~ 、Pd~(2 )等金属离子;(NH_4)_2SO_4-LO-丁基罗丹明B浮选分离Cd~(2 )的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件。结果表明,在一定浓度的Fe~(2 )存在时铁能定量置换出溶液中的Ag~ 、Pd~(2 )等金属离子,而Cd~(2 )在此条件下不被置换;当固体(NH_4)_2 SO_4用量为1．0g, 0．1 moL/L KI溶液和1．0×10~(-3)mol/L丁基罗丹明B溶液的用量分别为2．0 mL、2．5 mL时,Cd~(2 )可被定量浮选,而Zn~(2 )、Ni~(2 )、Mn~(2 )、Co~(2 )、Al~(3 )、Fe~(2 )、Cu~(2 )等离子在此条件下不被浮选,实现了Cd~(2 )的定量分离。对合成水样的定量置换-浮选分离测定,Cd~(2 )的浮选率为98．3%～100．6%;对矿石国家一级标准物质分离后测定微量Cd~(2 ),结果与标准值相符。     

矿井地震超前探测技术在龙东矿的应用

龙东煤矿区内构造较为发育,可采或局部可采煤层为7、17、21号煤层,为查明21煤试采区巷道前方断层、破碎带的发育程度及导水状态,采用矿井地震超前探测技术进行了超前探测,测线布置在回风巷左帮上,共设炮点20个,利用两个三分量传感器C1、C2接收。对采集数据进行波场分离、反射波提取、叠前偏移成像等核心技术处理,得到SV波深度偏移处理结果图,从中提取了5个异常界面,分别位于迎头前方22.5m、40.5m、54.5m、64.5m、98.5m,结合地质资料,解释为小断层。根据现场掘进实测剖面资料,矿井地震超前探测技术在龙东矿探测的异常界面准确,其界面距离最大误差率小于10%,表明该技术在掘进迎头前方100m范围内可以有效探测断层等地质构造。     

黑色页岩微量元素形态分析及地质意义

本文采用 4级不同形态逐级提取的方法研究了湘西上震旦统、下寒武统黑色页岩微量元素的物相分布特点。各形态微量元素含量和主要矿物电子探针分析结果表明 ,微量元素主要受控于有机质和硫化物含量的变化 ,较高的有机产率和缺氧的古海洋环境是影响黑色页岩中微量元素分布的决定因素。     

条斑紫菜栽培过程中有害藻类的分离与鉴定

针对条斑紫菜栽培过程中出现的有害藻类问题,进行了叶状体和丝状体有害藻类分离与鉴定等相关研究。通过形态学分析和分子生物学鉴定,发现叶状体中的杂藻主要有大型绿藻(浒苔、曲浒苔)、大型红藻(红毛菜)以及微型绿藻和硅藻,丝状体中的杂藻主要为褐藻、微型绿藻和硅藻。针对部分微型杂藻进行了抑制剂处理实验,结果表明低浓度的抗生素可以有效抑制部分硅藻和绿藻的生长,二氧化锗对硅藻生长具有显著的抑制效果。研究结果为系统、全面认识条斑紫菜栽培过程中的有害藻类提供了科学依据。     

鲨鱼和魟鱼肝铁蛋白电泳纯的制备技术

采用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE阴离子交换层析、Sephacryl S—300凝胶层析技术分离纯化鲨鱼肝铁蛋白(Liver ferritin of Sphyma zygaena,SZLF)和虹鱼肝铁蛋白(Liver ferritin of Dasyatis akajei,DALF)。电子显微镜技术揭示了SZLF和DALF的分子结构,阐明了两者蛋白均由蛋白壳和铁核组成。柱层析和电泳技术拓展了电泳纯的SZLF和DALF制备方法,并可用于制备其他高纯度的铁蛋白。     

Significance of selective crystal entrainment and differential crystal-melt separation in petrogenesis of granites from the Tongbai orogen

Partial melting has been shown to be an important mechanism for intracrustal differentiation and granite petrogenesis. However, a series of compositional differences between granitic melt from experiments and natural granites indicate that the processes of crustal differentiation are complex. To shed light on factors that control the processes of crustal differentiation, and then the compositions of granitic magma, a combined study of petrology and geochemistry was carried out for granites (in the forms of granitic veins and parautochthonous granite) from a granulite terrane in the Tongbai orogen, China. These granites are characterized by high SiO₂ (>72 wt%) and low FeO and MgO (<4 wt%) with low Na₂O/K₂O ratios (<0.7). Minerals in these granites show variable microstructures and compositions. Phase equilibrium modelling using P–T pseudosections shows that neither anatectic melts nor fractionated melts match the compositions of the target granites, challenging the conventional paradigm that granites are the crystallized product of pure granitic melts. Based on the microstructural features of minerals in the granites, and a comparison of their compositions with crystallized minerals from anatectic melts and minerals in granulites, the minerals in these granitoids are considered to have three origins. The first is entrained garnets, which show comparable compositions with those in host granulites. The second is early crystallized mineral from melts, which include large plagioclase and K-feldspar (with high Ca contents) crystals as well as a part of biotite whose compositions can be reproduced by crystallization of the anatectic melts. The compositions of other minerals such as small grained plagioclase, K-feldspar and anorthoclase in the granites with low Ca contents are not well reconstructed, so they are considered as the third origin of crystallized products of fractionated melts. The results of mass balance calculation show that the compositions of these granites can be produced by mixing between different proportions of crystallized minerals and fractionated melts with variable amounts of entrained minerals. However, the calculated modal proportions of different crystallized minerals (plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and quartz) in the granites are significantly different from those predicted by melt crystallization modelling. Specifically, some rocks have lower modes of biotite and plagioclase, whereas others show lower K-feldspar modes than those produced by melt crystallization. This indicates that the crystallized minerals would be differentially separated from the primary magmas to form the evolved magmas that produce these granites. Therefore, the crystal entrainment and differential melt-crystal separation make important contributions to the composition of the target granites. Compared with leucogranites worldwide, the target granites show comparable compositions. As such, the leucogranites may form through the crystal fractionation of primary granitic magmas at different extents in addition to variable degrees of partial melting.     

拓扑分子格中ST-1、ST0及ST1的分离性

在拓扑分子格中进一步讨论了ST_-1的性质,引进了ST₀、ST₁分离性概念,并研究了其相应的性质。     

海洋环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)分析的样品前处理与检测技术

氟喹诺酮类(FQs)药物是一种广泛使用的人工合成类抗生素,存在于水体、沉积物等各种环境介质中,并在水生生物体内得到富集,对人类健康和全球生态系统的可持续发展有重要的影响。环境中FQs残留的分析检测是了解其环境生物地球化学行为和潜在生态环境风险的基础,本文系统总结了近几年海洋水体、沉积物和生物体样品中FQs的残留特征、样品前处理与检测技术,在此基础上,前瞻分析了海洋环境中FQs残留分析检测技术的发展趋势。分析表明,FQs的分离富集和测定必须充分考虑FQs的物理化学性质和样品成分的复杂性。海水样品准备应注意过滤膜的选择和pH的调节;沉积物和生物体的样品准备应考虑水分、萃取溶剂、基质效应和pH的影响,并使用超声萃取。固相萃取、QuEChERS萃取、磁性固相萃取是分离富集FQs较常用的方法,吸附剂、淋洗溶液和洗脱溶液的选择和优化是提高样品回收率的关键。FQs的检测大多通过液质联用或液相色谱结合荧光检测器进行,其中色谱柱的选择、离子对试剂的添加和进样pH值的调整都是优化的关键因素。研究指出海洋领域FQs在线自动SPE技术的开发以及新型萃取吸附剂的研制应在未来研究中被重点关注。