Sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of the giant ancient pockmarks in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

In the late Miocene, giant ancient pockmarks, which are fairly rare globally, developed in the Qiongdongnan Basin. In this paper, to determine the sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of these giant ancient pockmarks in the Yinggehai Formation of the Qiongdongnan Basin, based on high-resolution 3D seismic data and multiattribute fusion technologies, we analyzed the planar distribution and seismic facies of the ancient pockmarks and compared the characteristics of the ancient pockmar...     

黄河三角洲造陆速率对夏季风强度变化和人类活动的响应

以夏季风强度指数和年均气温作为反映气候变化的指数,以人类净引水量和流域水土保持面积作为反映人类活动变化的指标,并以黄河流域为例,研究了三角洲造陆对气候变化和人类活动的响应.研究表明,夏季风强度指数的变化可分为三个阶段:(1)在1951~1963年夏季风强度指数呈持续增强的变化趋势;(2)在1963~1965年夏季风强度指数呈突变式减弱;(3)在1966~2000年夏季风强度指数保持在较低的水平上,且呈缓慢减弱的趋势.年降水量变化与夏季风强度指数有同步关系.从1950到1970年的年均温度在波动中略呈降低趋势,然而从1970年开始年均温度在波动中具有持续上升的趋势.气候变化会导致入海泥沙通量的变化,并可能进一步导致三角洲造陆速率的变化.黄河三角洲造陆速率、入海泥沙通量在1952~1964年均呈增大的趋势,1964年后则呈减小的趋势,在总体上与夏季风强度指数的变化趋势相同.除了气候变化以外,流域水土保持和引水对三角洲造陆也有影响.多元回归分析表明,三角洲造陆速率随夏季风强度指数的减弱而减小,随年气温的升高而减小,随梯田林草面积的增加而减小,随年净引水量的增加而减小,同时还表明,夏季风强度指数、年均气温、水土保持措施面积和人类净引水量对三角洲造陆速率变化的贡献率分别为34.94%,3.80%,53.82%和7.44%.表示气候变化的两个变量的贡献率之和为38.7%,说明气候变化对黄河三角洲造陆过程的影响是不容忽视的.     

大型海藻孔石莼化学组分和生物活性研究新进展

孔石莼是一种大型绿藻,在食品、药物等领域具有广泛应用。本文综述了近5年来孔石莼化学组分及其生物活性研究进展,并展望了其应用前景。     

Surface gravity wave interaction with elastic bottom

In the present paper, a hydroelastic model is developed to deal with surface gravity wave interaction with an elastic bed based on the small amplitude water wave theory and plate deflection in finite water depth. The elastic bottom bed is modelled as a thin elastic plate and is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. The wave characteristics in the presence of the elastic bed is analyzed in both the cases of deep and shallow water waves. Further, the linearized long wave equation is generalized to include bottom flexibility. A generalized expansion formula for the velocity potential is derived to deal with the boundary value problems associated with surface gravity waves having an elastic bed. The utility of the expansion formula is illustrated by demonstrating specific physical problems which will play significant role in the analysis of wave structure interaction problems. Behavior of the wave spectra are discussed in the case of closed basin having a free surface and an elastic bottom topography.     

低温环境下消化污泥和玉米秸秆强制通风堆肥过程中物理化学和生物学指标的研究

在低温环境下采用强制通风堆肥技术对消化污泥和玉米秸秆进行了堆肥化处理。在环境温度为9～15℃和初始C/N比为19.61情况下,第4天堆体温度达到最高温度60℃,堆体温度保持55℃以上时间为9d。污泥堆肥过程中总有机碳和C/N比下降明显,而NO3--N和重金属含量升高。pH值、电导率、NH4+-N、纤维素酶和脲酶的活性呈先增加后降低的趋势。种子发芽指数在第35天达到84.14%。研究结果表明,消化污泥和玉米秸秆强制通风堆肥在35d达到了腐熟要求。     

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the Red-Tide Dinoflagellate, Ptychodiscus brevis

Abstract. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was found in a nearshore, natural population of the red-tide dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis. Initial hydrolysis rates were enhanced by two orders of magnitude within 24 h upon addition of ammonium. Other nutrient (additions) or no additions also lead to a higher, although less pronounced increase in activity. Enhanced growth after nutrient additions combined with specific APA indicated that the bloom was both N and P limited. Since the natural population was a mixture of diatoms and the dinoflagellate, APA was also measured in unialgal cultures of P. brevis. APA was not reduced but enhanced by the addition of low concentrations of orthophosphate (0.5 and 1 μM). Higher orthophosphate concentrations (5 to 20 μM) reduced APA, although activity returned to control levels within 2 to 6h. Repression occurred within 30 sec after a 20 μM orthophosphate addition. Cells which had APA repressed by an orthophosphate addition regained their initial activity within 2 h after washing with phosphate-free media. Phosphorus-deficient cells of P. brevis possess an alkaline phosphatase system which is capable of continued activity at low in situ orthophosphate levels.     

Evidence for microbiological manganese oxidation in the river Tamar Estuary, South West England

Water samples from the Tamar Estuary oxidized manganese when supplemented with Mn²⁺ (2 mgl⁻¹). The rates of oxidation were depressed in the presence of various metabolic inhibitors. The effect of Mn²⁺ and temperature on the rate of manganese oxidation suggested that a biological process was largely responsible for converting Mn²⁺ to Mn⁴⁺. Rates of manganese oxidation were much higher in freshwater (3·32 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water containing 30 mgl⁻¹ of suspended matter) than in saline water (0·7 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water of salinity 32‰) containing the same amount of particulate matter. The rate of manganese oxidation was proportional to the particulate load (up to 100 mgl⁻¹ particulates).     

九龙江河-海系统夏季浮游植物磷胁迫研究

采用群落水平和细胞水平碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)相结合的方法,研究了2010年夏季(6-7月)九龙江河-海系统(河流-河口-邻近海域)浮游植物的磷胁迫,结果表明,单位叶绿素a的APA在河流下游区[(48.80±14.69)nmol/(h.μg Chl a)]显著高于河口区[(10.60±15.58)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)]和邻近海域[(23.54±25.41)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)],表明河流区的浮游植物磷胁迫显著高于河口区和邻近海域.三个区域高比例的游离态APA表明该水域浮游植物已较长时间处于磷胁迫状态.细胞水平的浮游植物荧光标记结果显示,河口区(20％±20％)与邻近海域(38％±20％)无显著差异(P＞0.05),此结果与群落水平APA结果相一致;但河口-邻近海域浮游植物的标记比例显著高于河流下游区(9％±3％)(P＜0.05).     

球等鞭金藻胞外多糖的体外抗氧化活性和理化性质的初步分析

前期研究采用离子交换柱层析和凝胶柱层析,制备到一种球等鞭金藻胞外纯多糖ECPSⅢ。在此基础上,采用化学比色法研究了 ECPSⅢ的体外抗氧化活性;同时,通过测定 ECPSⅢ中的硫酸基和糖醛酸含量,初步分析了ECPSⅢ的理化性质。结果表明, ECPSⅢ具有清除超氧阴离子(O2·ˉ)、羟基自由基(·OH)和过氧化氢(H2O2)等活性氧的能力和一定的还原力。其中, ECPSⅢ对O2·ˉ和·OH的清除能力较强。ECPSⅢ中的硫酸基和糖醛酸含量分别为76.90 mg/g和17.1%,是一种富含硫酸基和糖醛酸的酸性多糖。     

冲绳海槽北段的重磁场特征及地质意义

１９９２年之前,国内对冲绳海槽的调查研究主要集中在海槽的中部和南部,而对其北段的调查研究工作却很少。根据实测的重磁异常,较深入地分析了海槽北段的地球物理场特征,构造活动地壳结构及应力状态,结果表明冲绳海槽北段同样具有强烈的地壳构造活动。