山区公路深埋隧道勘察中工程物探的运用

以沪蓉国道主干线湖北宜昌至恩施公路隧道初勘过程中工程物探运用实例为基础，探讨了在公路隧道勘察中工程物探勘察工作运用的有效性、存在问题和地质可对比性等。     

氮气泡沫体系封堵性能评价方法

为了优选良好储层适应性起泡剂及评价注入参数和封堵性能,通过实验静态评价泡沫高度最高、持续时间最长、表面张力最低的起泡剂.模拟真实储层环境,采用动态方法优选泡沫气液比、起泡剂质量分数、注入参数和在多孔介质中生成泡沫的封堵有效期,其中气液比对储层压力比较敏感,优选时需要设置回压;质量分数优选可以在无回压的条件下进行.结果表明:氮气泡沫在多孔介质中的封堵有效期远大于在体相中的有效期.采用静态和动态相结合的方法对氮气泡沫封堵性能进行评价是合理的,可以为矿场应用提供指导.     

Comparison of Ray Methods with the Exact Solution in the 1-D Anisotropic “Simplified Twisted Crystal” Model

The exact analytical solution for the plane S-wave, propagating along the axis of spirality in the simple 1-D anisotropic simplified twisted crystal model, is compared with four different approximate ray-theory solutions. The four different ray methods are (a) the coupling ray theory, (b) the coupling ray theory with the quasi-isotropic perturbation of travel times, (c) the anisotropic ray theory, (d) the isotropic ray theory. The comparison is carried out numerically, by evaluating both the exact analytical solution and the analytical solutions of the equations of the four ray methods. The comparison simultaneously demonstrates the limits of applicability of the isotropic and anisotropic ray theories, and the superior accuracy of the coupling ray theory over a broad frequency range. The comparison also shows the possible inaccuracy due to the quasi-isotropic perturbation of travel times in the equations of the coupling ray theory. The coupling ray theory thus should definitely be preferred to the isotropic and anisotropic ray theories, but the quasi-isotropic perturbation of travel times should be avoided. Although the simplified twisted crystal model is designed for testing purposes and has no direct relation to geological structures, the wave-propagation phenomena important in the comparison are similar to those in the models of the geological structures.In additional numerical tests, the exact analytical solution is numerically compared with the finite-difference numerical results, and the analytical solutions of the equations of different ray methods are compared with the corresponding numerical results of 3-D ray-tracing programs developed by the authors of the paper.     

东湖污染物来源的智能识别方法

为识别东湖污染物来源,建立排污口与主要致污因子之间的对应关系,提出了污染物来源智能识别方法;该方法巧妙耦合了对应分析、模糊C-均值聚类及聚类有效性函数等方法,并用加速遗传算法有效解决了这一复杂问题。使用该方法于东湖污染物来源识别,快速得出了排污口与污染物之间的6类对应关系,为东湖污染综合治理提供了合理的决策依据。该方法在排污口众多、污染物来源复杂的城市水体污染治理中,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

Morphological and molecular evidence supports the occurrence of a single species of Zebrias zebrinus along the coastal waters of China

The so-called zebra sole includes a group of small flatfishes characterized by transverse band pairs on the ocular side and distributed throughout shallow waters along the coast of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Sev-eral species of the zebra sole have been recorded from the coastal waters of China. Morphological analysis of 1 107 specimens of the zebra sole from 15 successive localities along the China’s coast demonstrated that no significant variations among these localities were found on the basis of meristic counts and morphometric characters. Phylogenetic analysis based onCOI gene sequences of 14 individuals and D-loop of 22 indi-viduals from eight localities showed that they were indistinguishable among these localities. Therefore, both morphological and molecular evidence supported the occurrence of a single species of the zebra sole along the China’s coast. The available name for this species isZebriaszebrinus （Temminck and Schlegel, 1846） in-stead ofZ.zebra （Bloch, 1787）.Zebrias fasciatus（Basilewsky, 1855） andSolea ommatura （Richardson, 1846） are considered here as two synonyms ofZ. zebrinus.     

廊坊地区土壤重金属存在形态及有效性分析

通过对廊坊39个样点根系土中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb共5种重金属元素各形态含量的统计与分析,总结出该区根系土重金属元素形态组成特征,初步分析了各重金属元素在土壤中的地球化学行为。运用相关性分析方法,对5种重金属元素有效态含量与全量及土壤pH、TOC的相关性进行分析。根据分析结果,重金属元素有效态含量的高低不仅受其全量的影响,而且与土壤pH、TOC亦有着密切关系。该结论为评估廊坊表层土壤重金属元素污染程度提供了理论依据。     

条件价值法中的偏差分析及信度和效度检验——以九寨沟游憩价值评估为例

条件价值法(CVM) 是一种基于虚拟市场的公共物品价值评估方法,其假想性使得人们对 其信度和效度缺乏信任,评估结果的精度成为学术界广泛争议的焦点。采用CVM价值评估方 法,对九寨沟世界自然遗产地的游憩价值进行了评估,并结合国内其他相关文献,对CVM在旅 游资源价值评估中存在的偏差进行了分析述评,最后对CVM的评估结果进行了再测信度、内容 效度和收敛效度检验。研究发现：① 九寨沟旅游资源2008、2009 年的游憩价值分别为3.33 亿 元、3.46 亿元。与其他方法相比,CVM的评估结果明显偏低。② CVM在旅游资源价值评估中存 在的偏差包括研究方法本身的偏差和研究实施过程中产生的偏差。前者包括假想偏差、信息偏 差、抗议性偏差以及策略性偏差等;后者包括CVM调查在总体和样本的界定、样本规模的确定、 抽样方式的选择、调查方式和回收率、数据的统计和分析等环节出现的偏差。③ 再测信度检验 表明本研究的信度较高,即评估结果具有较高的稳定性和可重复性;而内容效度和收敛效度检 验则表明本研究对九寨沟进行的CVM调查不具有良好的效度,CVM有低估旅游资源价值的倾 向。④ CVM今后的研究重点应从个案研究向信度和效度检验转向,为此需要尽快建立完善适 合发展中国家的CVM实施规范,提高CVM评估结果的信度和效度。