六二一七热液铀矿床形成的物理化学条件研究

根据包裹体分析资料和热力学计算结合矿床地质特征，本文研究了江西六二一七花岗岩型铀矿床形成的物理化学条件，并对红化（赤铁矿化）与热液铀矿化之间的因果关系进行了探讨。结果得到，热液铀矿化形成于中低温、中压、低氧逸度、高流逸度、中性至弱碱性的还原环境。成矿热液中，铀主要呈［UO2（CO3）2］2-和［UO2F4］2-形式迁移，至一定的物理化学条件下发生沥青铀矿沉淀。红化是矿前期高氧逸度流交代热液对围岩氧化所至，红化蚀变岩石因含有Fe3+，从而有利于热液铀矿化的发生。     

Determining the amount of overstepping required to nucleate garnet during Barrovian regional metamorphism,Connecticut Valley Synclinorium

The novel method of inclusion barometry coupled with the calculation of the required affinity for garnet nucleation is applied to three samples from the previously well‐characterized Connecticut Valley Synclinorium in central Vermont. Raman shifts for quartz inclusions record a range of maximum peak shifts of the quartz 464 cm^?1 peak from 2.4 to 3.0 cm^?1. Temperature of garnet nucleation was constrained by calculating mineral assemblage diagrams in the MnNCKFMASHT system and plotting the intersection of quartz inclusion in garnet barometry (QuiG, quartz‐in‐garnet) with Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry. Utilizing the intersection of Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry with QuiG barometry, garnet nucleation is inferred to have occurred within a P–T range of ~8.6–9.5 kbar and ~560–575°C. These P–T conditions for garnet nucleation are significantly higher than calculated equilibrium garnet‐in isograds for the three samples. Affinities for garnet nucleation were calculated as the difference between the free energy of a fictive garnet composition based on the matrix assemblage and the free energy of the nucleated garnet. The calculated nucleation affinity varied from 300 to 600 kJ/mol O for St–Ky grade samples. These results suggest that the assumption that metamorphism proceeds as a sequence of near‐equilibrium conditions cannot, in general, be made for regional metamorphic terranes. This body of work agrees with numerous recent studies showing that garnet‐producing reactions must be overstepped in order to for garnet to nucleate.     

基于热力学模型的煤孔隙结构分形表征

煤的孔隙结构复杂,难以用传统的欧氏几何理论描述其复杂性,而分形理论可定量表征孔隙结构的复杂程度。通过对渭北煤田韩城矿区10个煤样进行的压汞实验,采用热力学分形模型,获得了煤的渗流孔的分形维数,定量表征了煤的孔隙特征,并探讨了分形维数与渗透率的关系。研究表明：对于同等变质程度的煤来说,煤中吸附孔越多,孔隙分形维数越大;煤孔隙分形维数与渗透性呈负相关关系。由此可见,煤的渗流孔分形维数可作为煤储层渗透性评价的定量指标之一。     

中国东北部陆缘贵金属有色金属区域热动力成矿模式

从东北部陆缘贵金属、有色金属矿集区典型矿床的地质、地球化学特征的研究入手,应用成矿系统的理论和方法,初步确立不同成矿系统的形成条件和时空演化的成矿动力学模式,即太古宙陆核演化与块状硫化物矿床成矿动力学模式,元古宙裂陷盆地演化与层状铅锌矿床成矿动力学模式,古生代古亚洲洋形成-封闭与块状硫化物矿床成矿动力学模式,中生代岩石圈演化与有色金属、贵金属成矿动力学模式.     

青藏高原大气科学试验研究进展

该文对半个世纪以来, 我国气象工作者在青藏高原研究, 特别是1979年和1998年两次大规模青藏高原大气科学试验科学成果进行了全面回顾, 给出近年来青藏高原研究许多有重要价值的研究成果, 可概要地归纳为以下几个方面:两次青藏高原大气科学试验在青藏高原边界层研究、对流特征研究方面取得新进展, 发现许多新的观测事实。证明青藏高原也可能是低频振荡源地。试验发现青藏高原摩擦层风的Ekman螺线及热力混合层特征, 发现青藏高原上对流边界层高度可达2200 m, 湍流边界层高度比平原地区明显偏高; 研究给出了青藏高原近地层与边界层动力、热力结构及其湍流、对流云特征可构成青藏高原地区边界层的综合物理图像。追踪分析研究发现, 连续成串从青藏高原中部或东部发生、发展的对流云团族呈显著东移的特征, 认为长江暴雨洪水的初始对流云系统可追溯到青藏高原; 研究发现, 在适当的云天条件下, 在青藏高原上可观测到极大的太阳总辐射、有效辐射和地表净辐射。青藏高原地面反照率的变化产生热源、热汇的区域影响效应, 这种源汇带来季节性和区域性的变化将进一步影响到大气中长波波形的季节尺度变化, 研究还强调指出青藏高原雪盖的年度变化的反馈作用表现对行星尺度环流特征的影响, 在热带洋面也产生对SST异常的相互作用与影响; 青藏高原与亚洲季风系统影响研究取得显著进展; 研究发现, 青藏高原“感热气泵” (SHAP) 的有效工作导致了青藏高原地区由冬到夏大气环流的突变及南亚高压的突然北跳, 并维持着亚洲季风期; 研究揭示出青藏高原周边“大三角”区域是影响我国长江中下游暴雨的水汽输送关键区, 揭示在青藏高原地区及其东部水汽输送的“转运站”特征。水汽流向东的“转运”效应对长江梅雨期洪涝形成甚为重要; 青藏高原大气物质输送及其臭氧异常特征研究取得进展, 研究发现夏季在青藏高原上大气臭氧总量有一明显的低值中心存在, 并且发现拉萨的臭氧递减趋势比我国东部同纬度地区大, 而拉萨位于青藏高原臭氧低值中心的区域。     

台风Lekima(1909)登陆前后动热力结构变化对浙江极端降水的影响

利用NCEPFNL 1°×1°的全球再分析资料、FY-2F卫星相当黑体亮温TBB资料、中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,重点分析了台风Lekima(2019)发展演变过程中的动热力结构变化和水汽分布特征与浙江极端强降水之间的关系.台风Lekima(2019)近海急剧加强为具有特殊双...     

Significance of selective crystal entrainment and differential crystal-melt separation in petrogenesis of granites from the Tongbai orogen

Partial melting has been shown to be an important mechanism for intracrustal differentiation and granite petrogenesis. However, a series of compositional differences between granitic melt from experiments and natural granites indicate that the processes of crustal differentiation are complex. To shed light on factors that control the processes of crustal differentiation, and then the compositions of granitic magma, a combined study of petrology and geochemistry was carried out for granites (in the forms of granitic veins and parautochthonous granite) from a granulite terrane in the Tongbai orogen, China. These granites are characterized by high SiO₂ (>72 wt%) and low FeO and MgO (<4 wt%) with low Na₂O/K₂O ratios (<0.7). Minerals in these granites show variable microstructures and compositions. Phase equilibrium modelling using P–T pseudosections shows that neither anatectic melts nor fractionated melts match the compositions of the target granites, challenging the conventional paradigm that granites are the crystallized product of pure granitic melts. Based on the microstructural features of minerals in the granites, and a comparison of their compositions with crystallized minerals from anatectic melts and minerals in granulites, the minerals in these granitoids are considered to have three origins. The first is entrained garnets, which show comparable compositions with those in host granulites. The second is early crystallized mineral from melts, which include large plagioclase and K-feldspar (with high Ca contents) crystals as well as a part of biotite whose compositions can be reproduced by crystallization of the anatectic melts. The compositions of other minerals such as small grained plagioclase, K-feldspar and anorthoclase in the granites with low Ca contents are not well reconstructed, so they are considered as the third origin of crystallized products of fractionated melts. The results of mass balance calculation show that the compositions of these granites can be produced by mixing between different proportions of crystallized minerals and fractionated melts with variable amounts of entrained minerals. However, the calculated modal proportions of different crystallized minerals (plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and quartz) in the granites are significantly different from those predicted by melt crystallization modelling. Specifically, some rocks have lower modes of biotite and plagioclase, whereas others show lower K-feldspar modes than those produced by melt crystallization. This indicates that the crystallized minerals would be differentially separated from the primary magmas to form the evolved magmas that produce these granites. Therefore, the crystal entrainment and differential melt-crystal separation make important contributions to the composition of the target granites. Compared with leucogranites worldwide, the target granites show comparable compositions. As such, the leucogranites may form through the crystal fractionation of primary granitic magmas at different extents in addition to variable degrees of partial melting.     

华北地区雪密度不同的两次降雪过程对比分析

利用加密降雪观测资料、地面常规观测、FY-2E卫星观测及ERA5再分析资料对华北地区两次融化比存在显著差异的降雪过程其降雪特征、云内垂直热动力结构、降水粒子垂直分布、地面气温和地表温度等进行了对比分析,揭示了热动力垂直结构和水汽条件对降雪过程的雪密度影响。结果表明:融化比较大降雪过程(简称"0103"过程)整层温度偏低,位于对流层低层的-18～-12℃温度层较为深厚,与最大上升运动中心、水汽饱和区相重合,有利于树枝状雪花的形成进而产生较大融化比,其云中粒子以冰相粒子为主;融化比较小降雪过程(简称"1129"过程)整层温度偏高,前述温度层位于对流层高层,较为浅薄,且位于最大上升运动中心下方,其云层下部存在较多过冷水滴,有利于凇附作用进而产生较小融化比;"0103"过程短波槽较浅,导致最大动力抬升层次低,-18～-12℃温度层位于暖锋锋区附近,锋前暖平流有利于深厚温度层的建立和维持,水汽主要来自低层偏东气流输送,导致其水汽含量偏小;"1129"过程主要由高空槽前暖湿气团沿冷锋锋面爬升所引起,动力抬升位于中高层,-18～-12℃温度层位于冷锋锋区上部,温度直减率大,导致-18～-2℃温度层较...     

湖南康家湾矿床的成矿流体特征:基于矿物学、流体包裹体及热力学计算的制约

湖南康家湾铅锌金银矿床位于南岭成矿带北部中段,是水口山矿田内发现较晚的大型隐伏矿床.该矿床的矿物组合及矿化特征复杂,前人对其成矿流体特征及成因类型存在不同认识.文章通过野外地质调查和矿物矿相学研究发现该矿床的热液成矿阶段较多,方铅矿主要形成于早期闪锌矿与晚期闪锌矿之间,而金和银的成矿阶段分别与早期闪锌矿和方铅矿趋于一致...     

基于HYCOM再分析数据的浙江近海对台风“灿鸿”(2015)的响应研究

基于混合坐标海洋模型（HYbrid coordinate ocean model，HYCOM）再分析数据研究浙江近海对2015年第9号台风"灿鸿"的动力学和热力学响应，并利用卫星遥感的海表面温度（sea surface temperature，SST）数据验证了HYCOM再分析数据的合理性。结果显示，"灿鸿"在浙江近海引起了较强的近惯性运动，最大流速约为0.4 m/s。台风"灿鸿"引起的近惯性能量在300 m以深海域较强，其衰减的e折时间尺度约为4-12 d。"灿鸿"所引起的SST变化约-3--1℃，降温过程持续约7 d；同时在近岸海底引起了增温，最大温度变化幅度为10℃左右，持续时间也约为7 d（浙江近岸）。经过分析，本文认为近岸海底的增温是由台风引起的次级环流和台风引起的强混合共同导致的。