卸载应力路径下黄土强度的神经网络预测

各种施工活动,将对应力状态与应力路径产生影响;在分析基坑开挖及隧道掘进等卸载作用对应力状态与应力路径影响的基础上,进行了不同应力路径的室内非常规三轴卸载试验,根据卸载试验结果,建立了以轴向与侧向卸(加)载增量比例、应力路径变化方向、卸(加)载前轴向与侧向初始固结应力为输入层参数、以轴向与侧向破坏应力为输出层参数的神经网络预测模型,并对卸载应力路径下黄土强度进行了神经网络预测及误差分析,其结果表明,预测值与试验值较为接近.     

Fatigue Crack Propagation in Steel A131 Under Ice Loading of Crushing,Bending and Buckling

Three types of ice loading, which are most commonly present when ice acts on structures, are chosen and simulated for use of fatigue crack propagation tests on offshore structural steel A131. The three types of ice categorized in accordance with the failure modes when acting on structures called crushing ice, bending ice, and buckling ice, respectively. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the fatigue crack propagation behavior of widely used high strength steel A131 for offshore jackets in the loading environment of ice crushing, bending, and buckling. The test results of fatigue crack propagation in steel A131 under these simulated ice loading at temperature 292K. are presented and analyzed in detail in this paper. The amplitude root mean square stress intensity factor is optimized to be the fundamental parameter of fatigue crack propagation for all types of ice loading histories. The results are also compared with constant amplitude fatigue crack propagation conclusions as in wave loa     

Failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles in soils with cohesive and cohesionless properties

Abstract

The present work develops a theoretical model based on a rational mechanical model and the failure mechanism of anchor piles in the seabed, by which the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles under inclined loading can be predicted in the soils with both cohesive and cohesionless properties. Experimental and numerical results are employed to validate the theoretical predictions. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of different parameters on the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles, to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the theoretical model and to gain further knowledge of the anchor properties. An analytical method is also proposed to evaluate the optimal position of the attachment point of anchor piles, and confirmed by relevant studies in either cohesive or cohesionless soils.

1. Highlights

2. A novel theoretical model is proposed to analyze the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles.

3. The model is applied to inclined loading and to soils with both cohesive and cohesionless properties.

4. Efficiency and applicability of the model are validated through comparative and parametric studies.

5. A simple expression is proposed to predict the optimal position of the attachment point for anchor piles.

     

风暴浪导致的黄河口水下土体破坏试验研究

本文试验利用取自黄河水下三角洲的样品 ,重塑后铺设水槽底床进行水槽试验 ,并利用原状土进行动三轴试验 ,2种试验均测定土体内的孔隙水压力。根据各种情况下孔隙水压力的变化记录 ,表明土体破坏同时其孔隙水压力产生骤变。将本文试验结果与在黄河水下三角洲不稳定区的原位沉积动力学试验孔隙水压力测试结果对照 ,说明黄河三角洲水下斜坡某些土体的破坏 ,未出现波浪循环荷载作用下孔隙水压力积累升高所导致的土体液化破坏 ,而是风暴浪对海底的强切应力作用致使土体产生剪切破坏     

Dynamic instability of laminated sandwich plates subjected to in-plane partial edge loading

The dynamic instability of laminated sandwich plates subjected to in-plane partial edge loading is studied for the first time using an efficient finite element plate model. The plate model is based on a refined higher order shear deformation plate theory, where the transverse shear stresses are continuous at the layer interfaces with stress free conditions at plate top and bottom surfaces. Interestingly the plate model having all these refined features requires unknowns at the reference plane only. However, this theory requires C¹ continuity of transverse displacement, which is difficult to satisfy arbitrarily in any existing finite element. To deal with this, a new triangular element developed by the authors is used in the present paper.     

Fatigue Properties of Plain Concrete Under Triaxial Compressive Cyclic Loading

Experiments were made on plain concrete subjected to triaxial static loading and constant-amphtude compressive fatigue loading with a constant lateral pressure in two directions. The initial confining pressure was O, O. lfc, O. 25fc and O. 4fc, respectively, for the static test, and O. lfc and O. 25fc for the fatigue test. Based on the triaxial compressive constitutive behavior of concrete, the inflexion of confining pressure evolution was chosen to be the fatigue damage criterion during the test. The rule of evolution of longitudinal maximum and minimum strains, longitudinal cyclic modulus and damage were recorded and analyzed. According to the Fardis-Chen criterion model and the concept of equivalent fatigue life and equivalent stress level, a unified S-N curve for multi-axial compressive fatigue loading was proposed. Thus, the fatigue strength factors for different fatigue loading cases can be obtained. The present investigation provides information for the fatigue design of concrete structures.     

Dynamic Response Analysis of Risers Subjected to Combined Wave and Current Loading

A dynamic response analysis in the frequency domain is presented for risers subjected to combined wave and current loading. Considering the effects of current, a modified wave spectrum is adopted to compute the linearized drag force. An additional drag force convolution term is added to the linearized drag force spectrum, therefore the error is reduced which arises from the truncation of higher order terms in the drag force auto-correlation function. An expression of linearized drag force spectrum is given taking the relative velocity into account. It is found that the additional term is a fold convolution integral. In this paper dynamic responses of risers are investigated, while the influence of floater motion on risers is considered. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the present method reaches the degree required in time domain analysis.     

Components of suction caisson capacity measured in axial pullout tests

Suction caissons are the foundation of choice for offshore structures in deep water. Systematic study of caisson behavior is relegated to the laboratory due to the high cost of full-scale testing. Our laboratory caisson was installed in normally consolidated clay using dead weight and suction. Tensile axial capacity was measured with the top cap vented or sealed, and with the soil undrained or drained. For the common case of rapid pullout with a sealed top, the test results indicate an external side resistance factor (α) of 0.5–0.8 and a reverse end bearing factor (N_c) of 13–21.     

盐岩循环加卸载过程中的速率效应试验研究

作为一种典型软岩,盐岩力学特性的时间相关性显著,准确预测和评估盐穴储气库加卸载过程中的变形损伤能力,关系到能源储备库的长期安全稳定运行。为研究盐岩的速率效应,进行了不同加卸载速率的疲劳试验。基于现有蠕变本构模型,构建了速率效应方程,区分了加卸载过程中的蠕变塑性变形与加载塑性变形。研究结果表明：（1）盐岩的整体疲劳寿命、稳定变形阶段（即第2阶段）疲劳寿命占比基本随加卸载速率的增大而增大。（2）减速变形阶段（即第1阶段）疲劳寿命占比、稳定变形阶段平均残余应变基本随加卸载速率增大而减小。（3）速率耦合疲劳试验中,加卸载速率越大,残余应变越小,蠕变塑性变形随加卸载速率的增大而减小,当加卸载速率由0.04 kN/s增加至5 kN/s时,蠕变塑性变形在循环中的占比由85%下降至36%,呈现出负指数的关系。（4）整个循环加卸载过程中,加载塑性变形、蠕变塑性变形均呈现U型发展趋势,与盐岩疲劳过程的三阶段相对应。该研究结果可以为进一步分析盐岩蠕变塑性与加载塑性奠定基础。     

波浪荷载作用下饱和钙质砂孔压特性及累积损失能量试验研究

钙质砂是一种海洋生物成因土,为我国南海岛礁吹填的主要材料。研究其动力特性对开发南海资源意义重大。实际工程中,钙质砂主要受到幅值和主应力方向均变化的波浪荷载作用,其作用效果与一般定轴剪切试验有较大不同。因此,利用空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟波浪荷载,开展一系列饱和钙质砂的不排水试验,重点研究循环应力比CSR和相对密实度Dr对钙质砂孔压特性的影响,并与石英砂对比分析,发现颗粒形态差异导致了两类砂土不同的孔压发展模式。同时,引入能量法,初步探究钙质砂累积损失能量变化规律。在此基础上,建立了考虑不同相对密实度的钙质砂孔压-累积损失能量模式。