Marine protected areas in Australia: Towards a coordinated rock lobster industry position

Plans by government to accelerate the establishment of a national representative system of marine protected areas (NRSMPAs) in Australia have caused increasing disquiet within the fishing industry. Rock lobster fishers have raised concerns regarding plans to establish large “multiple‐use” MPAs that may or may not contain a substantial no‐take component in the continental shelf waters adjacent to the coast. Key industry concerns including the potential impacts on present and future harvest rates are examined. The industry response to government MPA policy in each of the major jurisdictions is outlined. An industry position developed at the National Rock Lobster Congress in Perth, Western Australia (September 2003) is put forward. The position advocates the need for an adjustment scheme to account for displaced effort, the need for government commitment to the development of management plans that include the long‐term monitoring of all MPAs, and the need for a thorough risk assessment process to be conducted before the establishment of an MPA. The issues raised in this paper should be relevant to the establishment of MPAs in an international context.     

高石梯—龙王庙大气田发现与四川盆地震旦—寒武系油气地质特征及成藏

简单回顾了高石梯—龙王庙大气田发现历程。高石梯—龙王庙大气田是四川盆地中西部震旦系—寒武系重要的含气领域,近年来龙王庙组的天然气勘探获得重大新突破,基于前人的研究成果,梳理川中震旦系—寒武系勘探与研究进展认为:①高石梯—龙王庙大气田自形成以来,震旦纪晚期为其所处的乐山—龙女寺古隆起整体掀斜与雏形发育,寒武纪—奥陶纪为同沉积隆升期;②大面积发育震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩缝洞型、寒武系龙王庙组白云岩孔隙型 2 套主要含气储集层,准同生白云石化和表生岩溶叠加改造形成相对高孔渗储集体,灯影组孔隙度为3%~4%、渗透率为(0.0054~9.03)×10-3 μm2,龙王庙组孔隙度为4%~5%、渗透率为(0.0005~78.5)×10-3μm2;③四川盆地震旦系—寒武系发育2类多套烃源岩,均为腐泥型,以生油为主,发育3套优质储层,储层厚度大、分布面积广;④震旦系—寒武系天然气为典型的干气,均为有机成因,其中灯影组天然气为混源气,震旦系—寒武系天然气以原油裂解气为主;⑤生储接触广泛,震旦系—下寒武统龙王庙组油气大面积富集的关键因素是古隆起演化与烃源岩演化匹配,大型鼻状隆起背景下发育的构造、岩性及复合型多种类型圈闭为油气聚集提供了良好的空间。     

“海翼号”水下滑翔机盐度数据的热滞后效应偏差订正方法探讨

水下滑翔机可以高效地观测海水的温度、盐度和压强等海洋参数,但由于热滞后效应,盐度数据,特别是在温度梯度较大的温跃层,会出现一定程度的偏差。本研究选取了3种目前常用的盐度热滞后订正方法,对带泵的“海翼号”水下滑翔机,于2019年8月在中北太平洋所观测的盐度数据因热滞后效应引起的偏差进行订正处理,与船载911型温盐深测量仪(Instrument for Measuring Conductivity Temperature and Depth,CTD)观测盐度进行对比,在比较了3种方法对滑翔机盐度订正前后下降和上升剖面偏差的减少程度、订正后剖面与船载CTD观测剖面的偏差大小和下降上升温盐曲线(T-S曲线)的一致程度后,得出了水下滑翔机盐度订正的最优方法,即在订正电导池中实际温度的前提下,采用计算机图形分割方法,最小化滑翔机机载CTD测得的下降和上升两个剖面T-S曲线围成面积所确定的目标函数,来确定合适的热滞后修正振幅和时间常数,从而修正下降和上升两个剖面之间盐度偏差。     

Teleportation and thermal entanglement in two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ spin chain with the Dzyaloshinski—Moriya interaction and the inhomogeneous magnetic field

This paper studies the average fidelity of teleportation and thermal entanglement for a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ chain in the presence of both an inhomogeneous magnetic field and a Dzyaloshinski--Moriya interaction. It shows that for a fixed D_z, the increase of b_z will broaden the critical temperature at the cost of decreasing the thermal entanglement. And it can modulate the inhomogeneous magnetic field and the Dzyaloshinski--Moriya interaction for the average fidelity of teleportation to be optimal.     

Effect of image segmentation & voxel size on micro-CT computed effective transport & elastic properties

Digital rock technology is rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field with many promises, including fast turnaround times for core analysis, repeatable analysis, and multiphysics simulation. We study the impact of the image segmentation threshold and image voxel size on image-computed permeability, elastic moduli, and electrical conductivity. Improved quantitative understanding of such effects is critically important when comparing laboratory-measured rock properties with those computed on digital images of rocks. We analyze properties of over 500 binary microstructures (each of size 1024³ voxels) segmented using different segmentation algorithms. We find that uncertainty in computed rock properties, induced due to the choice of segmentation threshold, increases with coarsening of image voxels. Segmentation of the same rock, acquired with different voxels sizes, lead to small variations in porosity but induces relatively large variation in flow and electrical rock properties. This uncertainty is larger for rocks of lower porosity. We find that coarsening of image voxels also leads to rounding and smoothing of pore throats and a sharp decline in specific surface area which results in an increase in computed permeability. We propose simple models to remove the bias in rock properties when image-derived porosity is either overestimated or underestimated due to the choice of the segmentation threshold. This approach is particularly useful when comparing laboratory-measured rock properties to those derived from digital rocks since often the image calculated porosity and the laboratory-measured porosity are not the same. Even after such corrections, the impact of finite image voxel size would still need to be compensated.     

Satellite and ship observations of Kuroshio warm-core ring 93A off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, in spring 1997

Synoptic ship and satellite observations were performed of the Kuroshio warm-core ring (KWCR) 93A and its adjacent waters, off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, between early April and late June 1997. The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophylla (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature in the study area were analyzed using data from ADEOS Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial variability of the spring bloom and understand its relationship with the changes in the hydrographic structure of these waters in and around KWCR 93A. The maximum value of Chl-a concentration in the ring was less than 1 mg/m³ during April. The spring bloom in the ring occurred early in May and the relatively high maximum (>1.0 mg/m³) continued from early in May to mid-June. In late June, a ship-observed surface Chl-a concentration of less than 0.4 mg/m³ suggests that the spring bloom had already declined in and around KWCR 93A. Double spiral structures of warm and cold streamers appeared from late April to mid-May, which may have an influence on the occurrence of the spring bloom in and around the ring. In this episodic event, the warm streamer can maintain the available potential energy of the ring and the strength of upwelling around the ring. The cold streamer provided water with a high Chl-a concentration to the surface layer of the ring. In order to understand the temporal and spatial variability of Chl-a distribution in the ring, the behavior of the warm and cold streamers needs to be taken into consideration.     

影响AIN陶瓷热导率因素的研究

可用于海洋敏感器件封装的氮化铝陶瓷材料具有高的热导率特性,本文对它的热导率进行了实验研究。分析了影响烧结样品密度和热导率的因素。     

热废水对大亚湾三种经济鱼类热效应的研究

对大亚湾3种重要经济鱼类包括黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus、平鲷Rhabdosargussarba和细鳞Theraponjarbua的多项温度指标进行室内热效应模拟研究。结果表明：在驯化温度为25—33℃条件下,黑鲷、平鲷和细鳞3种鱼类的起始致死温度分别为34．96─36．42,34．78─35.62,38．75─39.39℃;最高起始致死温度分别为36.35,35.52℃和39.32℃;临界热最大值分别为38．08─40.50,38．28─40.40℃和42.40─43.64℃;最适生长温度分别为28,28℃和32℃;生长的最高周平均温度分别为30．78,30.51℃和34．44℃;短期暴露最高温度分别为34.04,33.57℃和37．90℃。根据黑鲷、平鲷和细鳞的多项温度指标,结合这些鱼类的生活习性分析和大亚湾基本环境特征的调查资料,就大亚湾核电站温排水对渔业资源影响的热效应问题进行初步探讨。     

冷活性纤维素酶性质研究

对海洋嗜冷菌MB1所产冷活性纤维素酶的性质进行了研究。该酶最适反应温度为35℃,0℃时残余酶活约为20％,最适pH值为6．0,在pH5～7．5范围内酶活均较高。该酶对热敏感,50℃保温2h,残余酶活为15％;60℃时,酶完全失活。