商城县汤家坪钼矿地球化学特征及找矿远景

矿区地质、地球化学特征研究入手,总结了综合找矿标志,指出了进一步找矿方向。研究表明该矿床成矿组分单一,异常元素组合主要为Mo、Bi、Ag,次为W、Sn、Zn、Cu、Pb,仅有钼能形成较大规模的异常;矿床元素水平分带序列为(Mo-Bi-Ag)-(W-Sn)-(Pb-Zn-Cu),垂向分带序列为(Mo-Ag-Pb-Zn)-Cu-(Bi-W-Sn),并以w(Mo)/[w(Bi)×100]≥65,[w(Pb)×w(Zn)/w(W)×w(Sn)]≥25为判别标志,来预测深部盲矿体的存在。     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

Research Advances and Exploration Significance of Large-area Accumulation of Low and Medium Abundance Lithologic Reservoirs

In recent years, a series of large low and medium abundance oil and gas fields are discovered through exploration activities onshore China, which are commonly characterized by low porosity-permeability reservoirs, low oil/gas column height, multiple thin hydrocarbon layers, and distribution in overlapping and connection, and so on. The advantageous conditions for large-area accumulation of low-medium abundance hydrocarbon reservoirs include： （1） large （fan） delta sandbodies are developed in the hinterland of large flow-uncontrolled lake basins and they are alternated with source rocks extensively in a structure like ＂sandwiches＂; （2） effective hydrocarbon source kitchens are extensively distributed, offering maximum contact chances with various sandbodies and hydrocarbon source rocks; （3） oil and gas columns are low in height, hydrocarbon layers are mainly of normal-low pressure, and requirements for seal rock are low; （4） reservoirs have strong inheterogeneity and gas reservoirs are badly connected; （5） the hydrocarbon desorption and expulsion under uplifting and unloading environments cause widely distributed hydrocarbon source rocks of coal measures to form large-area reservoirs; （6） deep basin areas and synclinal areas possess reservoir-forming dynamics. The areas with great exploration potential include the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin, the Xujiahe Formation in Dachuanzhong in the Sichuan basin, deep basin areas in the Songliao basin etc. The core techniques of improving exploration efficiency consist of the sweetspot prediction technique that focuses on fine characterization of reservoirs, the hydrocarbon layer protecting and high-speed drilling technique, and the rework technique for enhancing productivity.     

The characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

The Central Gas Field is a famous large-sized gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, identification of main gas sources of the Ordovician reservoirs in this gas field remains puzzling. On the basis of a lot of geochemical data and geological research on natural gases, the characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin were studied. The results indicated that natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin have similar chemical and isotopic compositions to highly mature and over-mature dry gases. Both coal-derived gases and oil-type gases coexist in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. The former was derived mainly from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures and the latter from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonates. It is suggested that coal-derived gases occur in the eastern part of the Central Gas Field while oil-type gases may be produced mainly in the northern, western and southern parts of the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin.     

Application of Spectral Decomposition to Detection of Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Tahe Oiifieid, Tarim Basin, NW China

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to ＂tune-in＂ bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds.     

中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块Qom组沉积微相及储层特征研究

伊朗Garmsar区块Qom组形成于碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境,岩性以生物屑灰岩、含砂生物屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主,是典型的裂缝~孔隙型储层。利用区内野外实测剖面资料和露头岩样测试资料,对Qom组沉积相进行标识及类型划分,并对Qom组沉积微相及其平面展布特征进行分析,指出了该区域开阔台地相~高能红藻滩微相和局限台地相~泻湖夹台内滩微相是研究区储层发育的有利部位。F段中部的粒内溶孔较为发育,而溶缝主要出现在C1、C3亚段,整个Qom组构造微裂缝不甚发育。但储层孔渗条件比较差,属于中~低孔、低渗~特低渗储层,且存在严重的不均一性。为此,从沉积相与储层特征角度研究认为,中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块Qom组油气勘探存在一定的风险。     

潜水面对储层压力的作用机制

潜水面与地表不一致会使储层压力产生异常,给煤层气勘探开发造成影响。从异常压力的成因机理入手,应用理论分析与实例解剖相结合的方法,通过不同系统中潜水面对储层压力的作用机制研究,分析了开放系统中区域潜水面变化所引起的储层压力变化规律,反映了盆地水动力场作用下的储层压力系统的动态演化过程,指出潜水面变化是储层异常压力形成的重要机制。     

福鼎山后尖玄武岩筒地质特征及其形成机制探讨

福鼎山后尖玄武岩位于福鼎一福清北东向断裂带北东段,呈岩筒状产于石帽山群下组下段火山沉积岩中,属钠质碱性玄武岩系列,由玄武质火山角砾岩、碧玄岩、橄榄辉长一玄武岩组合,经历火山爆发、喷溢、次火山侵入3个阶段而形成。     

贵州省排庭金矿地质特征与成因分析

排庭金矿是贵州三都——丹寨锑、汞、金成矿带上,继苗龙锑-金矿、宏发厂汞-金矿后首次发现的产于中下寒武统独立型的微细浸染型金矿,其矿体受断裂构造、地层、岩性等因素控制,矿床规模为中型。对该矿床的地质特征及成因进行总结和分析,对于华南褶皱带与扬子准地台过渡带寻找寒武纪地层中的微细浸染型金矿具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

嵩县纸房钼矿地质特征与找矿方向

嵩县纸房钼矿为马超营断裂多金属成矿带上首次发现和评价的层间脉型钼矿床．并迅速带动了在该区寻找脉型钼矿。通过对矿体形态、矿石质量、围岩蚀变和控矿要素等的分析研究,认为该矿床为中低温热液充填石英脉型层状矿床．指出了该区域新的找矿方向。