新资深大断裂变质带特征、成因及活动演化

在前人研究成果和野外调查基础上,对新资深大断裂变质带特征进行系统总结,从宏观构造、显微构造与组构、岩石矿物学、年代学和地球化学等多学科角度综合研究,分析了新资断裂带各类岩石组构成因,并建立了其活动演化期次。新资深大断裂变质带构造岩主要包括定向组构系列岩石和块状系列岩石,主要是由早期的韧性变形变质作用阶段和晚期的脆性破碎作用阶段先后作用形成。越城岭岩体西侧规模巨大的花岗片麻岩带应属新资深大断裂变质带的一部分,属早期活动的产物,其原岩为越城岭岩体,为断裂变质和动力热流变质作用形成。韧性剪切系列岩石按变形变质强度可分为高温高压韧性剪切带和中温高压韧性剪切带,表明韧性剪切作用具有多期性。新资断裂带活动演化主要经历了四个阶段,始于加里东期,至喜山期均有活动,现在的新资断裂带是经过多个阶段不同类型变质作用由东向西不断迁移和相互叠加的结果。     

Magnitude of latent heat in thermally loaded clays

Temperature changes are known to induce specific couplings in clay, in particular, an anomalously high thermal pressurization in undrained conditions or a thermal compaction in drained conditions, both of which are potential threats for the mechanical stability and sealing capacity of the geomaterials. Thermodynamical analysis of those peculiar thermomechanical couplings points to a potentially important latent energy, which in turn could limit the temperature change upon heating or cooling. The direct measurement of latent energy developed during a laboratory geomechanical test is challenging. Instead, proper identification of thermal hardening in conventional experiments with temperature changes provides an alternative route to estimate latent energy. In this work, existing laboratory thermomechanical tests of clays are analyzed with a rigorous thermodynamic framework to quantify the magnitude of latent energy in thermomechanically loaded clays. A thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for fully saturated clays that combines two key features, (a) the temperature dependence of the blocked energy and (b) the framework of bounding plasticity, is proposed. The performance of the model is validated by reproducing results obtained in laboratory tests for Boom and Opalinus clays. The thermomechanical loads considered to validate the model performance were then used to estimate the percentage of work that remains latent in the clayey material during plastic yielding. We find that the magnitude of latent energy is quite significant, typically a few tens of percent of the total dissipated energy, and increases significantly with temperature. Accordingly, it is expected to play an important role in the thermomechanical response of clays.     

基于ASTER数据的岩溶地下水天然出露点信息提取与识别

在已有研究区水文地质资料的基础上,进行基于ASTER数据的岩溶地下水天然出露点信息的提取与识别.根据研究目标,以ASTER数据为信息源和调查工具,制定相应的图像处理和分析流程,增强与岩溶地下水天然出露点信息相关的影像特征;应用热红外遥感理论和技术,以ASTER数据热红外波段为信息源,借助岩溶地下水天然出露点与其他地物的温度差异,探索它们之间的可分性;结合ASTER数据可见光/近红外、短波红外波段的解译成果,进行岩溶地下水天然出露点信息识别.     

南襄盆地南阳凹陷地热成因研究

通过研究南阳凹陷区域地质构造,地温场特征和热储层特征,认为南阳凹陷地热田为典型的沉积盆地型地热田.南阳凹陷热源主要由地下水在正常梯度下经围岩增温加热和地下水沿深大断裂的上涌两部分组成,朱阳关——夏馆——大河断裂、方城——邓县断裂、新野断裂等活动性深大断裂为热量传导提供了良好的通道,古近系稳定的砂岩泥岩互层为深层地热良好...     

宜良地热田水化学特征分析与研究

水化学特征不仅应用于分析地下水水质的时空变化规律,而且还提供地下水水动力环境信息。水化学分析方法已成为对探索地热田成因、地下水补给来源等常用的研究方法。基于近些年的研究资料,综合分析热储层结构特征和水化学特征,认为宜良地热田为层状热储型中低温地热田,其热储层为震旦系灯影组。研究热储层流体的化学分布特征以及热流体的化学成分与温度的关系等,用化学温标核算了热储层温度,认为K-Mg温标更适用于中低温地热田热储温度的估算。地热水水化学特征等基本地质特征可作为地热田规划和开发的理论基础。     

福建华安玉的矿物学特征及成因研究

通过福建华安玉野外地质观察、室内显微镜下观察、矿物电子探针分析和X射线粉末衍射分析,研究了华安玉的结构构造和矿物组成,结果表明: 华安玉显示出不同艳丽的条带,实质上是不同矿物分带的体现,绿-墨绿色条带主要由铁次透辉石组成,红色或淡肉红色条带主要由钾长石组成,灰白色或乳白色条带主要由石英、方解石等矿物组成。并对华安玉的形成构造环境和成因进行了初步研究,认为其形成于被动大陆边缘的潮坪泻湖环境,原岩主要是钙质粉砂岩、泥灰岩、硅质岩等,燕山期强烈的构造岩浆活动对其进行了多期热接触变质或交代作用,钙质粉砂岩、泥灰岩、硅质岩等经变质成为透辉石角岩。     

赣南白面石地区铀资源潜力分析

白面石地区有着得天独厚的铀成矿地质背景,区内铀矿化是在富铀的白面石花岗岩体基础上发展起来的。富铀基底花岗岩的风化,使铀活化迁移,形成高铀含量砂岩层,是该区成矿的基础;北西向展布的双峰式火山岩浆喷溢、形成覆盖在高铀含量砂岩层之上的火山岩层,起着热盖和封闭作用,使铀聚积成矿,是成矿的关键;后期断裂作用及次火山岩的贯入,带来了丰富的热能,使铀再次活化迁移,铀矿化叠加变富。     

The formation of wind curl in the marine atmosphere boundary layer over the East China Sea Kuroshio in spring

Various data are used to investigate the characteristics of the surface wind field and rainfall on the East China Sea Kuroshio (ESK) in March and April, 2011. In March, the wind speed maximum shows over the ESK front (ESKF) in the 10 meter wind field, which agrees with the thermal wind effect. A wind curl center is generated on the warm flank of the ESKF. The winds are much weaker in April, so is the wind curl. A rainband exists over the ESKF in both the months. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used for further researches. The winds on the top of the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) indicate that in March, a positive wind curl is generated in the whole MABL over the warm flank of the ESKF. The thermal wind effect forced by the strong SST gradient overlying the background wind leads to strong surface northeasterly winds on the ESKF, and a positive shearing vorticity is created over the warm flank of the ESKF to generate wind curl. In the smoothed sea surface temperature experiment, the presence of the ESKF is responsible for the strong northeast winds in the ESKF, and essential for the distribution of the rainfall centers in March, which confirms the mechanism above. The same simulation is made for April, 2011, and the responses from the MABL become weak. The low background wind speed weakens the effect of the thermal wind, thus no strong Ekman pumping is helpful for precipitation. There is no big difference in rainfall between the control run and the smooth SST run. Decomposition of the wind vector shows that local wind acceleration induced by the thermal wind effect along with the variations in wind direction is responsible for the pronounced wind curl/divergence over the ESKF.     

THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING′S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

1INTRODUCTIONWiththerecentmodernizationandurbanizationofChi-na,urbanareashavegreatlyincreased, andgiantbuild-ings,especiallythosetallerthan100m,havebeendomi-nantincities,whichhave resultedinthegreatincreaseintheproportionofbuilding'sexternalsurfacetototalurbanarea.Thedifferencesofthermalpropertiesmain-lyinducedbysolarradiationbetweenbuilding'sexter-nalsurfacesareobviousfordifferentexposures,whichcaninevitablyinfluencethedistributionsofairtempera-turenearby,eventheverticaldistributionsofurb…     

土壤热异常影响地表能量平衡的个例分析和数值模拟

The statistical relationship between soil thermal anomaly and short-term climate change is presented based on a typical case study. Furthermore, possible physical mechanisms behind the relationship are revealed through using an off-line land surface model with a reasonable soil thermal forcing at the bottom of the soil layer.In the first experiment, the given heat flux is 5 W m-2 at the bottom of the soil layer (in depth of 6.3 m)for 3 months, while only a positive ground temperature anomaly of 0.06℃ can be found compared to the control run. The anomaly, however, could reach 0.65℃ if the soil thermal conductivity was one order of magnitude larger. It could be even as large as 0.81℃ assuming the heat flux at bottom is 10 W m-2. Meanwhile, an increase of about 10 W m-2 was detected both for heat flux in soil and sensible heat on land surface, which is not neglectable to the short-term climate change. The results show that considerable response in land surface energy budget could be expected when the soil thermal forcing reaches a certain spatial-tem poral scale. Therefore, land surface models should not ignore the upward heat flux from the bottom of the soil layer. Moreover, integration for a longer period of time and coupled land-atmosphere model are also necessary for the better understanding of this issue.