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991.
湖冰是对气候变化十分敏感的冰冻圈水文变量,起到调节区域气候和湖泊生态系统的作用,并作为一种自然资源服务于冰上生产生活。湖冰覆盖和湖冰厚度是研究湖冰过程的关键变量,目前大多数湖冰研究集中在湖冰覆盖领域,湖冰厚度领域由于缺乏实测资料和专门的遥感观测平台还存在诸多空白,大量缺资料地区湖冰厚度仍处于未知状态,亟待方法和数据上的突破与创新。本文综述了近20年国内外湖冰厚度遥感反演领域的进展,介绍了各类反演方法的原理机理及主要优缺点,其中被动微波遥感方法具有良好的时间分辨率但空间分辨率较粗,难以覆盖中小型湖泊;基于SAR影像的主动微波方法空间分辨率较高但物理机制复杂,可靠性有待进一步验证;基于测高雷达的主动微波方法观测时段较长,物理机制明确,易于拓展到无实测资料湖泊,但空间覆盖相对有限;热红外遥感方法时空分辨率较好,但容易受云和湖冰表面积雪的影响,反演精度和可靠性有待提升。在此基础上,本文分析湖冰厚度遥感反演领域面临的主要挑战和发展方向包括:(1)厘清湖冰表面积雪相关的物理过程;(2)实现大范围实测冰厚和遥感资料的集成;(3)实现多源遥感冰厚反演方法的交叉融合。 相似文献
992.
珍贝—黄岩海山链作为我国南海的残留扩张中心, 对其研究具有重要的科学意义. 本文运用均衡学方法, 通过重力异常数据反演了过珍贝—黄岩海山链剖面的地壳界面变化, 同时计算了岩石圈热结构状态, 在此基础上建立了珍贝—黄岩海山链的岩石圈地温结构模型. 通过均衡分析方法, 对剖面上测点的海底地形数据进行了热均衡和重力均衡分析, 得到了热均衡和重力均衡形变量. 结果表明, 在珍贝—黄岩海山链高热流区域, 热均衡作用可以产生最大约0.55 km的形变, 其重力均衡形变范围为0.77—1.89 km. 热均衡通过改变海底地形和地壳物质密度不断作用于重力均衡, 重力又反过来作用于热均衡, 形成了热均衡-重力均衡动态调节机制. 相似文献
993.
尘卷风是地球上常见的小型风沙灾害输移系统,但在火星上却大的多。而且尘卷风内部的电场对火星探测器产生严重的电磁干扰。通过建立尘卷风及其电场形成的模型,对尘卷风结构特征及电场进行数值计算。研究表明:尘卷风的形成机理可以用热对流泡理论来解释。沙粒在尘卷风中出现分层现象,粒径小的沙尘往往在粒径大的沙尘上面。尘卷风中带正负电荷的沙粒大约各占23.4%,荷质比大约为60 μC·kg-1时,尘卷风数值模拟结果与野外观测值吻合。在尘卷风发展过程中,尘卷风电场大约需要60 s达到稳定。而且电场关于尘卷风中心基本对称,并且在尘卷风中心电场强度较大,在离尘卷风较远的地方,电场趋于零。在距离尘卷风中心一定距离处电场随高度增大先增大后减小,大约10 m以下电场随高度增大而增大,在10 m以上电场随高度增大而减小。 相似文献
994.
高寒草甸草地退化对土壤水热性质的影响及其环境效应 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
青藏高原高寒草甸草地的大面积退化,将改变浅层土壤的水热性质,影响地表水热交换,甚至导致区域生态环境的变化。本文通过系统分析典型原生高寒草甸与中度退化高寒草甸的植物群落特征、地上地下生物量和土壤理化特征的差异,研究高寒草甸草地退化对土壤水热性质的影响及其环境效应。结果表明:随着高寒草甸草地退化,植被覆盖度显著降低(p<0.01),适应旱生、深根系的杂草侵入适应湿润生境、浅根系的以莎草科植物为主的原生植被,生物多样性显著增加(p<0.01);草毡表层(0~10 cm)地下生物量显著减少(p<0.01),30~50 cm地下生物量显著增加(p<0.01)。草毡表层变薄降低了土壤容重的垂向异质性,使表层土壤容重显著增加(p<0.01),土壤颗粒显著变粗(p<0.01)。受浅层土壤有机质降低和土壤容重增加的影响,中度退化高寒草甸土壤的持水量和饱和导水率降低,土壤导热率升高。高寒草甸草地植被退化,土壤持水量、饱和导水率降低和导热率增加将加速地表水热交换,对高寒草甸草地退化和下伏多年冻土消融都可能是正反馈。 相似文献
995.
Heat flow and its coalbed gas effects in the central-south area of the Huaibei coalfield, eastern China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
TAN JingQiang JU YiWen ZHANG WenYong HOU QuanLin & TAN YongJie College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China No. Exploration Party of Anhui Bureau of Coal Geology Suzhou Development Research Center China Geological Survey Beijing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(5)
Based on an analysis of the present geo-temperature field and the thermal conductivity (K) of 62 samples from the central-south area of the Huaibei coalfield in eastern China, we calculated the heat flow and plotted its distribution map. The results show that the average heat flow in the research area is about 60 mW/m2. It is different from other major energy basins in the North China Plate, but has close relationship with the regional geology and the deep geological setting. The heat flow is comparatively ... 相似文献
996.
997.
Measurements taken between July 2006 to May 2007 at the Maqu station in the Upper Yellow River area were used to study the
surface radiation budget and soil water and heat content in this area. These data revealed distinct seasonal variations in
downward shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, upward longwave radiation and net radiation, with larger values
in the summer than in winter because of solar altitudinal angle. The upward shortwave radiation factor is not obvious because
of albedo (or snow). Surface albedo in the summer was lower than in the winter and was directly associated with soil moisture
and solar altitudinal angle. The annual averaged albedo was 0.26. Soil heat flux, soil temperature and soil water content
changed substantially with time and depth. The soil temperature gradient was positive from August to February and was related
to the surface net radiation and the heat condition of the soil itself. There was a negative correlation between soil temperature
gradient and net radiation, and the correlation coefficient achieved a significance level of 0.01. Because of frozen state
of the soil, the maximum soil thermal conductivity value was 1.21 W m−1°C−1 in January 2007. In May 2007, soil thermal conductivity was 0.23 W m−1°C−1, which is the lowest value measured in the study, likely due to the fact that the soil was drier then than in other months.
The soil thermal conductivity values for the four seasons were 0.27, 0.38, 0.55 and 0.83 W m−1°C−1, respectively. 相似文献
998.
The tectonic framework of China includes major and smaller-scale units that differ in age and in style of tectonomagmatic activity, the latter being related to the thermal history of the lithosphere. Heat flow in the area varies from 25 to 150 mW/m2 or higher, with an average of 58±11 mW/m2. It is high in active faults, rifts, and other structures of extension (or sometimes compression) subject to heating from rising lithospheric and mantle plumes. The current thermal activity in the region is controlled by the Pacific subduction beneath Eurasia in eastern China and mainly by the lateral strain and rotation of the Ordos block associated with the India–Eurasia interaction in central and western China. 相似文献
999.
非饱和土热力学参数确定的探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究非饱和土热力学的力学性质,必须建立能量守恒方程,表征能量的两个基本物理力学参数(体积比热系数和热传导系数)的确定是求解能量守恒方程的重要因素。对于不同颗粒组成的土体,对其干燥颗粒有效热力学参数进行了分析,对固体、液体和气体三相共存的热力学参数进行了研究,并对计算结果进行了对比分析,在此基础上,提出了较适合计算热传导系数的方法,并将此方法和体积平均法、自洽法及Hashin-Strikman方法进行了比较。经与试验结果对比表明:提出的方法能较好地描述非饱和土的热力学参数特性。 相似文献
1000.
Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the thermodynamic features and the effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the circulation of the tropical monsoon area in South Asia due to the land- sea distribution have been analyzed, The influences of the subcontinent topography on the Asian tropical circulation are mostly characterized by its thermodynamic effects on low-level circulation, of which the strongest is observed in winter and spring but the relatively weak in summer, followed by the weakest in autumn. The thermodynamic difference between the lndo china Peninsula and Indian Peninsula and its influence on the circulation are regulated by the Tibetan Plateau. During the transitional period from spring to early summer, the Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing generates a large-scale cyclonic circulation in low latitudes in the lower troposphere. As a result, the southerlies/northerlies are increased to the east/west of the Bay of Bengal, Therefore latent heating of the atmosphere is strengthened and the surface sensible heating over the Indochina Peninsula is weakened. On the other hand the surface sensible heating over the Indian Peninsula is increased. It is shown that heating with various scales and different kinds can affect the tropical atmosphere in different ways, which lead to the unique characteristics of the tropical Asian circulation. 相似文献