武夷山中段司前花岗岩体形成时代、地球化学特征及地质意义

本文对武夷山中段的司前岩体进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、年代学及Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果表明,司前岩体形成于(140±1)Ma,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=6.67 wt%~8.25 wt%),富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.16~2.41),A/CNK值介于1.01~1.25之间。岩体具有较高的∑REE(177.73×10~(-6)~427.88×10~(-6))、Zr+Nb+Y+Ce含量(262.6×10~(-6)~581.5×10~(-6))和Zr饱和温度(平均824°C),FeOt/MgO(3.06~3.93)和10 000×Ga/Al(2.64~3.28)比值均较高,属典型的铝质-过铝质A型花岗岩。岩体的锆石εHf(t)值均为负值(–18.6~–7.9),暗示其源于古老的地壳物质重熔。综合上述结果和区域背景推测,司前岩体的源岩为新元古代麻源群变质火山-碎屑岩,源岩可能经历早古生代和白垩纪两期熔融事件,地幔岩浆为花岗岩的形成提供了热源,但并未贡献物质,岩体的形成与古太平洋板块俯冲过程中因俯冲板片后撤诱发的弧后扩张作用有关。     

断裂应力特征及其转折控油气规律研究——以南堡凹陷为例

为了分析断裂对油气宏观分布规律的控制作用,寻找有勘探潜力的油气富集带,文中以地质力学理论为指导,对南堡凹陷断裂组合应力特征、断裂转折及成因进行解析,并结合砂体分布和古今构造应力场分布特征,对南堡凹陷东营组油气分布规律和有利勘探区带做了研究。结果表明:断裂转折部位对油气分布有着控制作用,东营组已探明的油气主要在帚状断裂系、入字形断裂系、交织式断裂系转折轴部高曲率附近呈环带状分布;断裂转折凹面一侧控油性明显,从宏观上来看,油气具有沿沉积相带由细到粗的构造脊高点以及弧形断裂转折凹面一侧的选择性运移的特征,断裂转折轴部高曲率高孔、高渗域与高孔、高渗砂体沉积相带的有利对置决定了油气的主流向;综合研究指出,南堡凹陷北堡构造带是今后优势勘探的首要区带,其次是南堡构造带和南堡4号蛤坨构造带南部。     

A Study of the Extended-range Forecast for the Low Frequency Temperature and High Temperature Weather over the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley in Summer

Based on the observational data, the variations of Intraseasonal Oscillation (ISO) of the daily temperatures and its relationships to the high temperature in summer over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) were studied for the period of 1979-2011. It is found that the daily temperatures over LYRV in May-August was mainly of periodic oscillations of 1525, 3060 and 6070 days, and the interannual variation of the intensity of its 3060-day oscillation had a strongly positive correlation with the number of days with daily highest temperature over 35 ℃ in July-August. Low frequency components of daily temperature in the LYRV, and the principal components of the Eastern Asian 850 hPa low frequency temperature, over a time period ranging from 1979 to 2000, were used to establish the Extended Complex Autoregressive model (ECAR) on an extended-range forecast of the 3060-day low frequency temperature over the LYRV. A 11-year independent real-time extended-range forecast was conducted on the extended-range forecast of low frequency component of the temperature over the LYRV in May-August, for the period ranging from 2001 to 2011. These experimental results show that this ECAR model, which is based on a data-driven model, has a good forecast skill at the lead time of approximately 23 days, with a forecast ability superior to the traditional autoregressive (AR) model. Hence, the development and variation of the leading 3060-day modes for the Eastern Asian 850 hPa low frequency temperatures and temporal evolutions of their relationships to low frequency components of the temperature over the LYRV in summer are very helpful in predicting the persistent high temperature over the LYRV at a 20 to 25 days lead.     

江苏灌河入海口附近重金属元素环境地球化学质量分析

以往对灌河口附近海域进行地球化学调查发现,海底沉积物及海水质量总体良好,但局部沉积物中Cr含量高于一类标准,Cu、As、Pb、Hg等其他重金属元素含量也明显高于其他地区,个别重金属元素已接近一类标准最高限,存在潜在生态风险。为进一步了解其与人类活动是否有关,对灌河靠近入海口40 km长的河水进行了地球化学调查,发现灌河河水中Hg、Cu、Pb等重金属元素存在一定程度的超标现象。结合其他证据认为,人类活动不仅对灌河下游河水质量产生了负面影响,还对入海口附近的海域环境质量产生了潜在威胁。借鉴内梅罗综合指数评价思路对灌河下游及入海口的重金属元素环境质量进行评价,并对如何降低、消除生态风险提出了若干建议。     

额济纳旗灰石山东北铌多金属矿床成矿规律及成因浅析

通过对灰石山东北铌多金属矿床地质特征综合分析表明,矿床的产出受地层和构造的双重制约。矿区的二叠系双堡塘组是矿源层,矿体具有明显的层位控制性;北东东向断裂构造提供了热液通道并进行了叠加改造;矿床成因类型属于沉积变质-热液叠加型。     

四川省中厂铜矿矿床地质特征及成因讨论

四川省中厂铜矿位于扬子地台西南缘的康滇地轴中段,赋矿地层为中元古界下部的通安组,铜矿体赋存在通安组第二段和第三段中,铜矿体呈似层状,矿体围岩分别为白云石大理岩、石英变粒岩和含石英大理岩,地层中层间破碎带、滑动带和裂隙发育,并发生硅化、绢云母化、白云石化和褪色等热液蚀变,地层中碳质含量较高,矿床地质特征上判断,成矿经过沉积成岩期和构造-热液改造期,成矿物质为多期多来源,因此认为中厂铜矿床属于沉积-改造型铜矿床。     

Science and Technology of Delimitation of Continental Shelf and Its Application in Maritime Silk Road Cooperation*

Delimitation of the continental shelf is an emerging interdisciplinary discipline in the field of international marine science and technology. It uses the scientific and technological means to expand the jurisdiction of coastal states based on the international rules of the 《United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea》. Therefore, it is related to the marine sovereignty rights and interests of a country and also a hot topic of science and technology that all countries have competed to develop. China has launched the research in this field simultaneously with the world's maritime powers, and formed its innovative advantages in such aspects as geological models, detection techniques and delimitation systems in the delimitation of continental shelf, which have become the brand new ties for China's cooperation with foreign countries in marine science and technology, and also the important field in the maritime silk road cooperation in the 21^st century. This paper introduced the basic principles and methods in the delimitation of continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (370 km), progress in the delimitation of the global continental shelf, and China's innovative science and technology as well as its application in maritime Silk Road cooperation, and provided the prospect of the future scientific and technological cooperation with foreign countries and development in this filed. And it was suggested China should develop the scientific and technological cooperation on the delimitation of the continental shelf along the Silk Road, promote the scientific and technological development of the delimitation of the continental shelf in China, and enhance China's influence and voice in international ocean affairs.     

辽东岫岩地区古元古代花岗伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

辽东岫岩地区位于胶—辽—吉古元古代造山/活动带内,区域内广泛存在花岗质伟晶岩脉或岩体,对其进行研究具有重要的构造意义。研究区出露大量古元古代花岗伟晶岩,前人将其统一划归到花岗质混杂岩和辽河岩群内。本文通过详细的野外地质调查和室内综合研究,将该套花岗伟晶岩脉解体为出来,重新厘定为新的填图单元。本文对研究区2件花岗伟晶岩样品进行岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS稀土微量元素和U-Pb定年的综合研究,获得花岗伟晶岩的原岩年龄,并对其岩石地球化学、成因和构造环境进行了探讨。花岗伟晶岩主要矿物组合为钾长石+斜长石+石英±白云母±电气石,花岗伟晶结构,块状构造。岩石地球化学分析结果显示其均匀具有一致的地球化学特征。它们均显示高的SiO2(72.1%~75.3%)、Al2O3(13.5%~16.4%),低CaO(1.42%~2.03%)、MgO(0.15%~0.76%)、P2O5(0.01%~0.02%%)、TiO2(0.06%~0.17%)等含量;稀土元素总量偏低,稀土富集、重稀土亏损,稀土配分曲线右倾型,明显的正δEu异常;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba、U),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)等特征。样品(DST-TW1和WJG-TW1)锆石CL图像强度均较弱,前者大部分锆石不能反映矿物内部结构,后者大部分锆石能显示弱振荡环带,这一特征与锆石U含量均较高(1253.1×10-6~12861.5×10-6、874.5×10-6~5319.1×10-6)相吻合。锆石虽具有岩浆锆石的自形特征,但其Th/U值(0.01~0.26和0.01~0.62)较低,稀土配分模式显示热液锆石特征,在(Sm/La)N—La和Ce/Ce*—(Sm/La)N图解上偏热液锆石区域,此花岗伟晶岩脉可能是母岩浆高度结晶分异后的残余岩浆热液结晶而成,偏热液性质。本文研究的2件样品(DST-TW1和WJG-TW1)年龄分别为1864±20 Ma(MSWD=0.19)和1903.6±4.7 Ma(MSWD=0.041),其侵位时间介于1.9~1.86 Ga之间。从岩石地球化学、形成时代推测其物源与研究区周围~1.87 Ga的S型花岗岩具有亲缘关系。从构造环境来看,研究区内古元古代花岗伟晶岩形成于胶—辽—吉造山带弧陆碰撞结束后伸展的构造体制下,在主期花岗质岩浆上涌之后,地壳在不断伸展和松弛垮塌,大量残余岩浆或岩浆热液上涌形成伟晶岩的岩脉、岩墙或岩体,侵位时代从~1.9 Ga到~1.74 Ga。从而推测胶—辽—吉造山带在碰撞后的构造折返过程中一直处于伸展的构造机制,后造山阶段至少持续了160 Ma。     

渤南洼陷沙四下亚段沉积时期古气候演化

正全球于古近纪发育PETM、ETM2、EECO、和MECO多个短期热气候事件(雷华蕊等,2018)。受热气候事件影响,渤南洼陷沙四下亚段沉积时期红层沉积发育并记录着热气候事件控制下古气候演化过程。立足于渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层,恢复古气候演化过程,一方面可以点带面,揭示全球古近纪气候演化;另一方面为研究极端气候条件对湖盆沉积体系的控制作用奠定基础。     

科学与主权：晚清民国时期西方学者在中国的地质学考察

晚清随着中国国门洞开,西方学者、传教士、商人、探险家以“科学无国界”的旗号,将中国视为一个巨大的“露天博物馆”,纷纷来华进行各种科学考察。其中比较著名的如庞佩利、李希霍芬、塞切尼、奥勃鲁切夫、维理士、安得思以及斯文·赫定等,在中国先后组织了多次系统的考察,在地质学等领域取得了许多影响深远的成果。这些考察不仅丰富了西方地质学家对中国地质的认识,对之后的中国学者也颇多裨益。民国以后,西人的考察活动激起了中国学者的民族主义反弹,不断遭遇中国学者的主权诉求,尤其是斯文·赫定组织的西北考察成为其中的一个标志性事件。在民间团体的努力下,政府对外国人在中国的考察活动逐渐作出了明确的法律限制,中国学者亦自发开展独立的地质学考察和研究。