银川平原植被生长与地下水关系研究

干旱区植被生长与地下水的关系是生态水文地质学研究的热点之一。西北内陆干旱地区降水稀少,植被的生长发育与地下水的关系极为密切,从大尺度上研究地下水变化的生态效应问题对生态环境的保护和恢复具有重要的意义。借助遥感方法,结合地下水观测数据,在区域尺度上定量地研究了中国银川平原地区地下水埋深及矿化度与植被生长的关系。结果表明:适宜植被生长的地下水埋深范围约为1~6m,当地下水位埋深为3.5m左右时,植被长势最好。而在水位埋深为3.5m左右的地区,植被生长的相对好坏又受地下水矿化度的影响。当地下水矿化度为0.9g/L时对该地区植被的生长最为有利。     

基于土地利用的三维景观格局指数变化分析

由于传统二维景观格局指数未考虑地形特征对景观格局指数的影响,为进一步研究地形结构对景观格局指数的影响,以重庆主城区为研究对象,利用ENVI5.2、ArcGIS10.5、Fragstats4.2平台,对重庆主城区不同城市化阶段的Landsat影像数据进行土地利用变化和三维景观格局分析.结果表明,2008-2018年研究区...     

甘肃岷县锁龙—马坞一带金矿资源潜力评价

西秦岭“五朵金花”岩体是寨上—马坞金矿整装勘查区一带重要的金矿成矿地质体,围绕“五朵金花”岩体已发现有多达100余处金矿（床）点,是西秦岭重要的金矿集中区。锁龙—马坞一带研究区正好包括了整个教场坝岩体以及中川岩体及柏家庄岩体北部大部分区域,具有良好的形成金矿的潜力。因此本次工作在收集前人1∶5万矿调及锁龙金矿矿产勘查成果资料的基础上,利用MRAS软件对该区域金资源潜力进行了评价,同时预测了23处金成矿的有利区域,为该区下一步工作部署提供了靶区。     

Preliminary seismic anisotropy in the upper crust of the south segment of Xiaojiang faults and its tectonic implications

The Xiaojiang faults,striking north-to-south(NS),and the Honghe faults,striking north-to-west(NW),are first-order block boundaries that intersect to form a concentrated stress zone at an acute angle in the southern part of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block(SYB).It is also a crucial zone for material escaping from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.In December 2017,the Institute of Earthquake Forecasting of the China Earthquake Administration(CEA)deployed a linear temporary seismic broadband array,the Honghe-Xiaojiang temporary Seismic Array(HX Array),across first-order block boundaries in the southern SYB.By using the waveform data of small earthquakes recorded by stations in the HX Array across Xiaojiang faults from 2017 to 2019,and by permanent seismic stations of the China National Earthquake Networks from 2012 to 2019,this paper adopts the systematic analysis method of shear-wave splitting(SWS),SAM method,to obtain preliminary results for seismic anisotropy in the upper crust.The study area can be divided into two subzones according to the spatial distribution of the directions of polarization of the fast shear-wave(PFS)at the stations:the northern zone(zone A,where the HX Array is located)and the southern zone(zone B,to the south of the HX Array).The results show that the directions of the PFS at stations in zone A were highly consistent,dominant in the NE direction,correlated with the in-situ principal compressive stress,and were seemingly unaffected by the Xiaojiang faults.The directions of the PFS as recorded at stations in zone B were more complicated,and were dominant in the NS direction parallel to that of the regional principal compressive stress.This suggests the joint influence of complex tectonics and regional stress in this narrow wedge area.By referring to the azimuthal anisotropy derived from seismic ambient noise in the southeast margin of the TP,the NS direction of the PFS in the middle and lower crust,and its EW direction in the upper mantle,this paper concludes that azimuthal anisotropy in the upper crust differed from that in the lower crust in the south segment of Xiaojiang faults,at least beneath the observation area,and azimuthal anisotropy in the crust was different from that in the upper mantle.The results support the pattern of deformation of ductile flow in the lower crust,and the decoupling between the upper and lower crusts as well as that between the crust and the mantle in the study area.The crustal directions of the PFS appeared to be independent of the Xiaojiang faults,suggesting that the influence of the South China block on the SYB passed through the Xiaojiang faults to the Yimen region.The results of this study indicate that anisotropic studies based on data on the dense temporary seismic array can yield clearer tectonic information,and reveal the complex spatial distribution of stress and deformation in the upper crust of the south segment of Xiaojiang faults.     

Extensive Cold-Precipitation-Freezing Events in Southern China and Their Circulation Characteristics

Concurrence of low temperature,precipitation and freezing weather in an extensive area would cause devastating impacts on local economy and society.We call such a combination of concurrent disastrous weather“extensive coldprecipitation-freezing”events(ECPFEs).In this study,the ECPFEs in southern China(15°?35°N,102°?123°E)are objectively defined by using daily surface observational data for the period 1951?2013.An ECPFE in southern China is defined if the low temperature area,precipitation area and freezing area concurrently exceed their respective thresholds for at least three consecutive days.The identified ECPFEs are shown to be reasonable and reliable,compared with those in previous studies.The circulation anomalies in ECPFEs are characterized by a large-scale tilted ridge and trough pairing over mid-and high-latitude Eurasia,and the intensified subtropical westerlies along the southern foot of the Tibetan Plateau and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the subtropical western Pacific.Comparative analysis reveals that the stable cold air from the north and the warm and moist air from the south converge,facilitating a favorable environment for the concurrence of extensive low-temperature,precipitation and freezing weather.     

理想点法在矿床工业价值评价中的应用

应用理想点法的基本原理,建立了一个矿床工业价值评价的数学模型,以我国贵州省兴义市雄武地区铀矿床为实例,构造评价函数得出最优解,结果表明:理想点法能够正确评价出矿床工业价值的大小,为矿石的最优开采提供有价值的参考。     

编织袋充填砂结构在围堰工程中的应用

结合青岛市四方区围海造地工程的实例,分析了在厚度较大的软弱地基层上水下铺设大型编织布袋作为围堰的主体结构的优点和结构特点,重点介绍了施工工艺以及在施工过程中需注意的问题。     

日本海环流研究综述

日本海作为东北亚地区最大的边缘海,是西北太平洋上的重要海区。由于特殊的地理位置和复杂的地形,使得日本海的环流结构呈现独有特征,如日本海内的亚极地锋现象,复杂多变的涡旋,北部形成的深水团等。概述了日本海环流状况,着重介绍了对马海峡、郁陵海盆环流情形和日本海特征水团;总结了目前仍存在的争议问题,如对马暖流源头、对马暖流空间结构等;指出了目前日本海尚待解决的科学问题,如对马暖流流量的长期变化及其原因、东韩暖流消失现象及其机制、日本海特征水的传播路径及其影响因素、日本海的某些变化产生原因及其与全球变化的响应等。     

浙江洪公铝质A型花岗岩类的岩石地球化学及其构造环境

初步研究表明,以往被认为是典型的I型花岗岩质岩石的浙江洪公岩体应为铝质A型花岗岩质岩石。该岩体以高钾为特征,K2O 达5％以上,K2O/ Na2O＞1.2,准铝-过铝质（A/NKC=0.80 ～1.14）;FeO*/MgO比值大（平均14.20）,高于M型、S型和I型花岗岩;富含稀土元素（ΣREE=313.09×10-6～523.73×10-6）,具有较高的Ga/Al（′104）值（2.92～4.29）和（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）元素组合值（551.5′10－6～987.4′10－6）,而亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等;Nd同位素模式年龄为1.3—1.6Ga,反映洪公岩体主要起源于地壳物质的部分熔融。区域背景、构造被动定位特点和地球化学综合分析表明,洪公岩体形成于拉张的构造环境。     

不同岩性火山岩力学性质实验研究

黄沙坨地区位于辽河断陷盆地东部凹陷中段,古近纪沙河街组第三段沉积时期发育了巨厚的火山岩,为该区形成火山岩油气藏奠定了成藏条件。由于油层岩石的力学性质,影响着油田生产,因此,经过实验室对不同岩性的火山岩力学性质的试验测试,得到油田生产所需的相关的力学参数及相关的地质信息,为油田勘探、开发及相关的工程设计发挥重要作用。试验结果表明,粗面岩以张性破裂为主,玄武岩以剪切破裂为主。这对油田研究水力压裂裂缝形态及储层天然裂缝形态提供了重要的地质依据。软化系数的较大波动,表现出地下流体对油层岩石的环境作用。