Historic Dead Sea Level Fluctuations Calibrated with Geological and Archaeological Evidence

The Dead Sea, the Holocene terminal lake of the Jordan River catchment, has fluctuated during its history in response to climatic change. Biblical records, calibrated by radiocarbon-dated geological and archaeological evidence, reinforce and add detail to the chronology of the lake-level fluctuations. There are three historically documented phases of the Dead Sea in the Biblical record: low lake levels ca. 2000–1500 B.C.E. (before common era); high lake levels ca. 1500–1200 B.C.E.; and low lake levels between ca. 1000 and 700 B.C.E. The Biblical evidence indicates that during the dry periods the southern basin of the Dead Sea was completely dry, a fact that was not clear from the geological and archaeological data alone.     

两个相连湖泊的微生态系统——云南高原湖泊中浅水的星云湖和深水的抚仙湖研究

抚仙湖是中国云南省的一个深水湖，连接着富营养化的浅水湖－－星云湖，星云湖排放含绿藻的水进入抚仙湖。两湖位于省会昆明附近，由于地方文化、集约化农业、以及旅游业的发展，两湖已经富营养化。因为湖泊体积容量的级别差异，深水湖的富营养化几乎没被注意，抚仙湖秋季下层滞水带缺氧已经关注了20年，似乎下层滞水带是深水湖富营养化的指标或趋势。抚仙湖看起来目前情况尚好，可以说寡营养，然而，外界负荷是潜在的，且是以稳定的加速度进行的。在此对浅水湖富营养化的原因进行了讨论，包括在其它云南湖泊观察到富营养化的过程，再者，对两个连相湖的藻和蓝藻碎片的大小构成进行比照。为了与深水的抚仙湖状况进行比较，简略介绍了一个日本的深湖及其径流系统。其中，涡流和它的微生态系统，在两者中相关性很好。对于以涡流生态系统的见解判断微生态系统的深水湖富营养化问题将给予概括。     

西藏自治区洛扎县冰湖溃决危险度评价

西藏自治区湖泊星罗棋布,在高山极高山地区分布大量冰湖,受各种因素的影响,有时会产生冰湖溃决并形成灾害。本文根据最新TM遥感影像对西藏自治区洛扎县283个冰湖进行了初步评价。依据冰湖类型、规模、后方现代冰川与冰湖的距离及冰湖离居民地、公路等设施的距离等,将冰湖溃决分为高危险度、中危险度及低危险度。并针对高危险度的冰湖提出防护对策。     

湖泊水下数字高程模型建模方法及应用模型

介绍了当前湖泊水下地形测量的一般方法和作业过程。针对逐点插入构建不规则三角网算法，本文提出了效率改正算法和格网索引号快速计算算法。基于不规则三角网，给出了湖泊水下数字高程模型的一般应用模型——任意点高程计算、填挖方计算模型及等深线计算模型。     

Isotopic Tracing of Trophication Processes over the Last Millennia on Lake Chenghai

Multi-parameter studies (stable isotopes in carbonate and organic matter, pigment,organic carbon and nitrogen contents) from a 660-yr continuous sediment core from Lake Cheng-hai, a closed, eutropic lake in southern China, provide information on lake historical eutrophi-cation. During the last 660 years, great changes have taken place in productivity and eutrophi-cation of Lake Chenghai in response to human activities. In 1690, the productivity of the lakebegan to increase as Lake Chenghai became closed from agriculture in the lake‘‘ s watershed. In 1942, Lake Chenghai evolved to eutrophic state, marked by an increase in organic carbon, ni-trogen, CaC03, pigment contents and obvious negative values of stable isotopes, which is more or less simultaneous with the large-scale population immigration during the period. In 1984, in-tensive human activities induced modern lacustrine productivity and eutrophic level. Human-in-duced trophic changes during the past few decades have affected the Lake Chenghai ecosystem tosuch an extent that it has never experienced before in the last 660 years.     

莱州湾南岸平原古湖泊消亡原因初探

莱州湾南岸平原是指西起小清河口，东至胶莱河口的广大沿岸地区，这一地区近年来是我国工农业发展较快的地区，也是我国地下咸水入侵较为严重的地区。历史上，莱州湾南岸平原地区曾有一些湖泊存在，如巨淀湖、黑冢泊、别画湖，但现在早已荡然无存了。研究这些古湖泊的消亡原因对于恢复该区古地理环境以及确立湖迹区今后的发展方向具有十分重要的意义。本文运用查阅历史文献、地层剖面分析、地名考证、遥感解译等多种方法，对莱州湾南岸古湖泊的消亡原因进行了研究与分析，并指出该区古湖泊消亡的原因是气候变干、河流变迁、人类活动影响等，其中气候变化是古湖泊消亡的根本原因，河流变迁是古湖泊消亡的直接原因，而人类活动则加速了古湖泊消亡的进程。     

A review of the physics and ecological implications of the thermal bar circulation

Following recent applications of numerical modelling and remote sensing to the thermal bar phenomenon, this paper seeks to review the current state of knowledge on the effect of its circulation on lacustrine plankton ecosystems. After summarising the literature on thermal bar hydrodynamics, a thorough review is made of all plankton observations taken in the presence of a thermal bar. Two distinct plankton growth regimes are found, one with production favoured throughout the inshore region and another with a maximum in plankton biomass near the position of the thermal bar. Possible explanations for the observed distributions are then discussed, with reference to numerical modelling studies, and the scope for future study of this interdisciplinary topic is outlined.     

西藏纳木错晚更新世以来湖面变化和藏北高原古大湖的演化

根据西藏纳木错及邻区发现的多处湖岸阶地和高位湖相沉积,确定了藏北高原古大湖的存在。水准测量表明,在纳木错沿岸发育了6级湖岸阶地,以及拔湖48～139.2m的高位湖相沉积;在拔湖26m以下,发育有8～30条湖岸堤;一条明显的湖蚀凹槽则集中出现在拔湖17.5～19.8m的高度上,与纳木错和仁错的分水垭口的高度相当。纳木错沿岸和邻区湖相或湖滨相沉积物的铀系年龄测定表明,高位湖相沉积形成于115.9～71.8kaB.P.的晚更新世早期;第6至第2级阶地形成于53.7～28.2kaB.P.的晚更新世中晚期;与湖蚀凹槽相当的湖滨相沉积则稍早于29.3kaB.P.;第2至第1级阶地,14C测定结果为2350～10390aB.P.。     

鄱阳湖地区土壤,植被光谱混合模型的研究

本文针对鄱阳湖地区的土壤、植被的特点设计了一套非线性混合光谱模型、较好了地预测了实际的混合光谱，从预测精度上看，要优于传统的线性混合光谱模型。