Multidegrees‐of‐freedom effective force testing: a feasibility study and robust stability assessment

This paper presents a feasibility study of multidegrees‐of‐freedom effective force testing (MDOF‐EFT). The study is intended to facilitate the development of a force feedback controller and investigation of performance as well as robustness of MDOF‐EFT. First, the dynamics of MDOF‐EFT systems are analytically investigated. Analytical transfer functions of the control plant, the valve‐to‐force relations, showed that the plant is dynamically coupled and the natural frequencies of test structures are the transmission zeros of the plant. Using a set of model parameters from a previous study, a case study that includes controller design, numerical simulations and robust stability assessment is performed. A decoupling loop shaping (DLS) controller consisting of a pseudo inverse of the plant and second‐order loop shaping controllers is adopted as the force feedback controller. It is shown that the DLS controller provides a stable control system while successfully decoupling the control loops and compensating the control‐structure interaction. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the DLS controller enables tracking of static and dynamic forces for multiple actuators. Robust stability of MDOF‐EFT with the DLS controller is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The stochastic simulation results show that the DLS controller is stable and robust, providing sufficient stability margins for uncertain models with maximum 50% errors in the estimated system parameters. This paper demonstrates that MDOF‐EFT is feasible with the DLS controller and can be implemented in experimental laboratories. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于LabVIEW的预应力孔道压浆质量检测仪的软件设计

本文提出了一种预应力孔道压浆质量检测仪的硬件方案,在此基础上介绍了基于LabVIEW的仪器软件设计,重点讨论了软件实现的关键技术,实现了参数设置,多通道超声信号采集,文件管理等功能.软件界面友好,操作简单,适应仪器的野外工作,且升级维护方便.     

Recent advances in offshore geotechnics for deep water oil and gas developments

The paper presents an overview of recent developments in geotechnical analysis and design associated with oil and gas developments in deep water. Typically the seabed in deep water comprises soft, lightly overconsolidated, fine grained sediments, which must support a variety of infrastructure placed on the seabed or anchored to it. A particular challenge is often the mobility of the infrastructure either during installation or during operation, and the consequent disturbance and healing of the seabed soil, leading to changes in seabed topography and strength. Novel aspects of geotechnical engineering for offshore facilities in these conditions are reviewed, including: new equipment and techniques to characterise the seabed; yield function approaches to evaluate the capacity of shallow skirted foundations; novel anchoring systems for moored floating facilities; pipeline and steel catenary riser interaction with the seabed; and submarine slides and their impact on infrastructure. Example results from sophisticated physical and numerical modelling are presented.     

The first World Atlas of the artificial night sky brightness

We present the first World Atlas of the zenith artificial night sky brightness at sea level. Based on radiance-calibrated high-resolution DMSP satellite data and on accurate modelling of light propagation in the atmosphere, it provides a nearly global picture of how mankind is proceeding to envelop itself in a luminous fog. Comparing the Atlas with the United States Department of Energy (DOE) population density data base, we determined the fraction of population who are living under a sky of given brightness. About two-thirds of the World population and 99 per cent of the population in the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) and European Union live in areas where the night sky is above the threshold set for polluted status. Assuming average eye functionality, about one-fifth of the World population, more than two-thirds of the United States population and more than one half of the European Union population have already lost naked eye visibility of the Milky Way. Finally, about one-tenth of the World population, more than 40 per cent of the United States population and one sixth of the European Union population no longer view the heavens with the eye adapted to night vision, because of the sky brightness.     

Millimetre and submillimetre τ relations

Relations are presented between the optical depth of the atmosphere  (τ)  in the millimetre and submillimetre windows at 350, 450, 850 and 1250 μm. These relations are derived by an analysis of 849 skydips at 850 μm performed with the submillimetre camera SCUBA at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and polynomial fits to over 19 000 measurements of a tipping radiometer operating at 350 μm. The relations allow for an improved calibration of millimetre and submillimetre observations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i, and for better monitoring of atmospheric conditions.     

Seeing Conditions at Sutherland. Results of the 1992/93 seeing campaign

In order to decide whether the seeing conditions at SAAO/Sutherland justify the erection of a 3.5 m telescope and also to compare Sutherland with the Gamsberg/Namibia site, a seeing campaign covering 15 months has been carried out. For direct comparison with the results of the seeing campaign at Gamsberg twenty years before the same QUESTAR telescope was employed. The seeing is determined by the scattering of the star-trail exposed on a film in the focal plane of the telescope. The campaign commenced in February 1992. Up to May 1993, data for 204 nights, that is 47.3% of the total number of nights, were collected. Due to wind speeds above 30 km h^-1, 25 out of the 204 nights were not considered in the final reduction. The useful 179 nights are evenly distributed over the campaign period. The median seeing value for the whole period is = 0.52. There are differences during the year: the best season gives = 0.42, the worst = 0.67. Each night was divided into three intervals, although data for each of the three intervals were not always available. Generally, there is an improvement in the seeing during the course of a night. The results are compared to the seeing values of Gamsberg/Namibia and ESO/La Silla.     

新近沉积粉细砂层地基的试验与评价

通过对邯郸市某车间地基的勘察．分析和探讨了新近沉积粉细砂地层的勘察手段、其物理力学性质，及其利用载荷试验确定承载力的标准取得了较为满意的结果，提出的一些分析方法，对新近沉积的粉细砂地层的勘察具有一定的借鉴作用。     

相位激发极化法应用研究

相位激发极化法是一种频率域激发极化方法,可直接测量电场电压与供电电流之间的绝对相位差。由于该方法对仪器精度要求较高,因而国内有关实际应用方面的资料相对较少。在金属矿产勘查中,目前国内大多采用时间域激发极化方法,测量岩矿石的极化率或充电率。虽然频率域激发极化法也有应用,但主要采用双频或多频测量,利用视频散率参数进行解释,野外测量工作量较大,测量精度相对较低。近几年,利用相位激发极化法在科研、生产中做了一些工作,这里介绍相位激发极化法模型试验及数据反演结果,岩矿石标本时间域(充电率)和频率域(相位)测试对比结果,以及实际应用实例及数据反演结果。应用结果表明,用相位激发极化法在矿产勘查中可以取得较好的勘察效果,并能在今后的工作中发挥更大的作用。