泌阳断陷湖盆陆相层序内部构型研究

断陷湖盆陆相层序内部构型主要研究各级层序单元内部不同环境下形成的地质体及其在空间上的配置关系。盆地充填序列及构造层序可用沉积总体样式来反映其内部构型;地震层序（层序组）及层序可用沉积体系来描述其内部构型;体系域（小层序组）、小层序及小层单元可分别用沉积相（亚相）、微相及岩性相来刻划其内部构型。泌阳断陷层序组ⅡＤ（即核三上段）是其油气勘探的主要目的层段,其中包含三个陆相层序,在双河—赵凹地区表现为冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖相沉积体系配置。这三个陆相层序共发育四类１３个小层序组、小层序达５０多个,其中可识别的沉积微相达十余种、岩性相共３３种。     

Relationship between chemical composition and magnetic susceptibility in sediment cores from Central Indian Ocean Basin

Three sediment cores in a north-south transect (3°N to 13°S) from different sediment types of the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) are studied to understand the possible relationship between magnetic susceptibility (χ) and Al, Fe, Ti and Mn concentrations. The calcareous ooze core exhibit lowest χ (12.32 × 10⁻⁷ m³ kg⁻¹), Al (2.84%), Fe (1.63%) and Ti (0.14%), terrigenous clay core with moderate χ (29.93 × 10⁻⁷ m³ kg⁻¹) but highest Al (6.84%), Fe (5.20%) and Ti (0.44%), and siliceous ooze core with highest χ (38.06 × 10⁻⁷ m³ kg⁻¹) but moderate Al (4.49%), Fe (2.80%) and Ti (0.19%) contents. The distribution of χ and detrital proxy elements (Al, Fe, and Ti) are identical in both calcareous and siliceous ooze. Interestingly, in terrigenous core, the behaviour of χ is identical to only Ti content but not with Al and Fe suggesting possibility of Al and Fe having a non-detrital source. The occurrence of phillipsite in terrigenous clay is evident by the Al-K scatter plot where trend line intersects K axis at more than 50% of total K suggesting excess K in the form of phillipsite. Therefore, the presence of phillipsite might be responsible for negative correlation between χ and Al (r = −0.52). In siliceous ooze the strong positive correlations among χ, Al_exc and Fe_exc suggest the presence of authigenic Fe-rich smectite. High Mn content (0.5%) probably in the form of manganese micronodules is also contributing to χ in both calcareous and siliceous ooze but not in the terrigenous core where mean Mn content (0.1%) is similar to crustal abundance. Thus, χ systematically records the terrigenous variation in both the biogenic sediments but in terrigenous clay it indirectly suggests the presence of authigenic minerals.     

Systematic biotic responses to palaeoenvironmental change in the Late Pleistocene southern South China Sea: a preliminary study

Oxygen and carbon isotopes from the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer, trace element contents, calcium carbonate, biogenic silica, grain size, and abundances of diatoms, radiolarians and foraminifera in a deep‐sea core from the southwestern South China Sea were analysed to investigate the response of various marine ecological communities to environmental changes over the last 200 ka. The synthesised results show that the quality of the palaeoecological environment for biological growth is primarily affected by nutrient supply and terrigenous disturbance. Ba and P are important nutrient elements for the growth of diatoms, radiolarians and planktonic foraminifera. Together with dissolved silica and calcium carbonate in sea water, these elements may control microbiotic development. However, variations in Fe content appear to affect diatom and radiolarian abundance. Optimal biotic growth occurs when nutrients are abundant and when there is minimal terrigenous disturbance. Biotic growth decreases when sea water is highly oligotrophic and terrigenous input is high. Maximum biological growth occurred in the mid Holocene, but deteriorated soon afterwards owing to increased terrigenous input, causing a decrease of biological abundance and productivity in the late Holocene. The results also indicate how the Toba volcanic eruption ca. 74 ka ago contributed to changing the ecological environment in the southern South China Sea. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neoproterozoic terrigenous deposits of the Tuva–Mongolian massif: geochemical correlation, sourcelands, and geodynamic reconstruction

We have established that the terrigenous deposits of the Haisuin Formation and metamorphic deposits of the Shutkhulai block are similar in geochemical characteristics to the rocks of the Oka Group. The volcanics of the Sarkhoi Group and, to a lesser extent, the crystalline deposits of the Gargan block and rocks of the Dunjugur ophiolite complex served as sourcelands for the studied deposits. The terrigenous deposits of the Oka Group and Haisuin Formation and the pararocks of the Shutkhulai block accumulated in the same sedimentary basin localized on the margin of the Tuva–Mongolian massif in the setting of an island-arc system.     

Use of biomarkers indices in a sediment core to evaluate potential pollution sources in a subtropical reservoir in Brazil

The presence of PAHs, n-alkanes, pristane, and phytanes in core sediment from the Vossoroca reservoir (Parana, southern Brazil) was investigated. The total concentration of the 16 PAHs varied from 15.5 to 1646 μg kg⁻¹. Naphthalene was present in all layers (3.34–74.0 μg kg⁻¹). The most abundant and dominant n-alkanes were n-C₁₅ and n-C₃₆, with average concentrations of 198.1 ± 46.8 and 522.9 ± 167.7 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Lighter n-alkanes were distributed more evenly through the layers and showed less variation, specially n-C₉, n-C₁₂, and n-C₁₈, with average concentrations of 14.6 ± 3.0, 31.6 ± 1.9, and 95.0 ± 5.2 μg kg⁻¹, respectively; heavier n-alkanes were more unevenly distributed.     

南海北部神狐海域现代沉积物正构脂肪酸来源:加权平均碳同位素的建立与应用

对南海北部神狐海域表层沉积物中脂肪酸组分进行了分析,检测到的总正构脂肪酸含量为1.80~10.16μg/g(μg脂肪酸/g干沉积物),碳数分布为C12—C32,呈偶奇优势分布,以C16和C18为主峰碳。将90cm以上层位样品进行归一化,建立加权平均碳同位素讨论正构脂肪酸来源,结果表明,短链脂肪酸(n-C14~18)具有较正的碳同位素组成(加权平均为-26.7‰^-28.2‰),反映了化学自养细菌来源;大部分长链脂肪酸(n-C21~23,nC25,n-C29~32)具有偏负的碳同位素组成(加权平均为-29.6‰^-34.1‰),反映了陆源C3高等植物来源;而另外的长链脂肪酸(n-C24&n-C26~28)和n-C19~20中链脂肪酸(加权平均碳同位素为-26.1‰^-29.3‰)则可能反映了混合来源输入。沉积物75~80cm层位陆源输入和海洋输入含量达到最低,可能和Younger Dryas冷期旋回事件有关。     

陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混积岩及其油气地质意义

根据混积岩的分类命名、沉积环境和沉积模式等的研究现状及其在石油地质领域的研究进展,综合分析得出：有利 于混合沉积的沉积相主要是滨海相、滨浅湖相,其次是浅海陆棚、陆表海、三角洲相等;对其沉积环境的分析表明,滨海 相混积岩发育的控制因素是潮汐作用、相对比较强的水动力条件以及有利于低等生物发育的浅海环境,控制滨浅湖相混积 岩发育的因素是频繁的湖平面和气候的变化;因此认为深入探讨混积岩的沉积微相及其环境因素,对于完善和统一混积岩 独立的分类方案和命名体系是一有效途径。在此基础上,结合柴西北区古近系和新近系中深层湖相混积岩的研究实例,初 步提出了湖相和海相的混合沉积综合模式示意图;根据与混积岩相关的烃源岩和油气储层的研究资料认为,滨、浅海相和 滨、浅湖等海（湖）陆过渡地带的混合沉积,也可成为优质储层和烃源岩的勘探靶区。     

The hydrodynamic and sedimentary setting of nearshore coral reefs, central Great Barrier Reef shelf, Australia: Paluma Shoals, a case study

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) shelf contains a range of coral reefs on the highly turbid shallow inner shelf, where interaction occurs with terrigenous sediments. The modern hydrodynamic and sedimentation regimes at Paluma Shoals, a shore‐attached ‘turbid‐zone’ coral reef, and at Phillips Reef, a fringing reef located 20 km offshore, have been studied to document the mechanisms controlling turbidity. At each reef, waves, currents and near‐bed turbidity were measured for a period of ≈1 month. Bed sediments were sampled at 135 sites. On the inner shelf, muddy sands are widespread, with admixed terrigenous and carbonate gravel components close to the reefs and islands, except on their relatively sheltered SW side, where sandy silty clays occur. At Paluma Shoals, the coral assemblage is characteristic of inner‐shelf or sheltered habitats on the GBR shelf (dominated by Galaxea fascicularis, up to >50% coral cover) and is broadly similar to that at Phillips Reef, further offshore and in deeper water. The sediments of the Paluma Shoals reef flats consist of mixed terrigenous and calcareous gravels and sands, with intermixed silts and clays, whereas the reef slope is dominated by gravelly quartz sands. The main turbidity‐generating process is wave‐driven resuspension, and turbidity ranges up to 175 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). In contrast, at Phillips Reef, turbidity is <15 NTU and varies little. At Paluma Shoals, turbidity of >40 NTU probably occurs for a total of >40 days each year, and relatively little time is spent at intermediate turbidities (15–50 NTU). The extended time spent at either low or high turbidities is consistent with the biological response of some species of corals to adopt two alternative mechanisms of functioning (autotrophy and heterotrophy) in response to different levels of turbidity. Sedimentation rates over periods of hours may reach the equivalent of 10 000 times the mean global background terrigenous flux (BTF) of sediment to the sea floor, i.e. 10 000 BTF, over three orders of magnitude greater than the Holocene average for Halifax Bay of <3 BTF. As elsewhere along the nearshore zone of the central GBR, dry‐season hydrodynamic conditions form a primary control upon turbidity and the distribution of bed sediments. The location of modern nearshore coral reefs is controlled by the presence of suitable substrates, which in Halifax Bay are Pleistocene and early Holocene coarse‐grained (and relatively stable) alluvial deposits.     

泌阳断陷下第三系核三上亚段层序地层学研究

根据陆相层序在地震剖面及电测曲线上的识别标志和在岩石矿物学方面的旋回性特征,采用沉积旋回分析技术及Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ图解法,将泌阳断陷双河—赵凹地区下第三系核三段上亚段划分为３个陆相层序,其沉积体系呈现冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖相空间配置关系。在这３个陆相层序中共发育小层序组１３个,其中可识别的小层序达５０余个。针对研究区目的层段所划３个陆相层序发育的共同特点,在连井剖面层序地层对比的基础上,编制了研究区目的层段的陆相层序地层等时框架模式。     

Geochemistry of Peruvian near-surface sediments

Sixteen short sediment cores were recovered from the upper edge (UEO), within (WO) and below (BO) the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Peru during cruise 147 of R/V Sonne. Solids were analyzed for major/trace elements, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, total sulfur, the stable sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S) of pyrite, and sulfate reduction rates (SRR). Pore waters were analyzed for dissolved sulfate/sulfide and δ³⁴S of sulfate. In all cores highest SRR were observed in the top 5 cm where pore water sulfate concentrations varied little due to resupply of sulfate by sulfide oxidation and/or diffusion of sulfate from bottom water. δ³⁴S of dissolved sulfate showed only minor downcore increases. Strong ³²S enrichments in sedimentary pyrite (to −48‰ vs. V-CDT) are due to processes in the oxidative part of the sulfur cycle in addition to sulfate reduction. Manganese and Co are significantly depleted in Peruvian upwelling sediments most likely due to mobilization from particles settling through the OMZ, whereas release of both elements from reducing sediments only seems to occur in near-coastal sites. Cadmium, Mo and Re are exceptionally enriched in WO sediments (<600 m water depth). High Re and moderate Cd and Mo enrichments are seen in BO sediments (>600 m water depth). Re/Mo ratios indicate anoxic and suboxic conditions for WO and BO sediments, respectively. Cadmium and Mo downcore profiles suggest considerable contribution to UEO/WO sediments by a biodetrital phase, whereas Re presumably accumulates via diffusion across the sediment-water interface to precipitation depth. Uranium is distinctly enriched in WO sediments (due to sulfidic conditions) and in some BO sediments (due to phosphorites). Silver transfer to suboxic BO sediments is likely governed by diatomaceous matter input, whereas in anoxic WO sediments Ag is presumably trapped due to sulfide precipitation. Cadmium, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Ag, and T1 predominantly accumulate via biogenic pre-concentration in plankton remains. Rhenium, Sb, As, V, U and Mo are enriched in accordance with seawater TE availability. Lead and Bi enrichment in UEO surface sediments is likely contributed by anthropogenic activity (mining). Accumulation rates of TOC, Cd, Mo, U, and V from Peruvian and Namibian sediments exceed those from the Oman Margin and Gulf of California due to enhanced preservation off Peru and Namibia.