New data on the geology and age of the Koreyskaya River area (south Sikhote-Alin)

Abstract The geological structure of the Koreyskaya River area exhibits a complex combination of turbidite—olistostrome deposits making up a matrix and synsedimentary tectonic enclosures represented by allochthons of formations different in age and genesis. Three tectono-stratigraphic units can be distinguished, that have been combined into a single section by accretion. New data on radiolarians have been used to date the tectonic enclosures and matrix. Abundant Mesozoic radiolarians (from Triassic to Late Jurassic) and also Late Permian radiolarians were found in cherty and siliceous mudstone olistoliths and cherty allochthons.     

造山带的网结状构造样式

网结状构造样式是造山带地壳结构的一个重要特征,表现为线状强应变带与夹持其间的透镜状弱应变域规律组合格式。这种网结状型式在几何学上具有尺度不变性,并具三维特征,理论分析和实际观察指出,这种网结状构造样式,是在应变软化作用及变形分解作用控制下递进发育而成的,而造山带地壳结构的不均一性、组成造山带岩石的流变学特征以及变形物理环境,又是控制应变软化及变形分解作用的主要因素。     

福建省古生代至中生代大地构造演化的格架

松溪—长汀断裂带和福州—永定断裂带是控制福建古生代及以后大地构造演化的两条北东东向的断裂带。地质地球化学资料表明,前者是加里东期的地体碰撞带,沿线分布了构造混杂岩、变质超基性岩体、具有角闪岩相和中压矿物的变质岩以及同碰撞型花岗岩体,以后又发育为A型俯冲带;后者是发育于加里东构造层之上的海西期张裂带,在形成海西期的福州—永定海峡的同时,产生了石炭纪海底双模式火山岩及层控铁矿,印支期的碰撞活动使海峡封闭并发育A型俯冲作用。由此,北东东向的松溪—长汀断裂带和福州—永定断裂带可以将福建划分为三个古生代的构造地层地体:闽北地体、闽中地体和闽东南地体。通过对福建省古生代地体构造分析、古地磁测量及古地理重建,展现在我们眼前是:华南(其中包括福建)在古生代中期从冈瓦纳大陆分离出来后,横渡特提斯海,在古生代末至中生代初到达劳亚大陆,与中朝板块碰撞引起了福建地体间强烈的造山运动。     

冀东太古宙高级变质岩区若干地质问题的研究

在1∶5万区域地质填图及专题研究的基础上探讨了变质岩石中的岩浆侵位变形构造、褶皱构造及变形与变质作用的关系等三个方面的问题。研究表明冀东太古宙高级区变质岩石中不同程度地发育岩浆岩构造,包括在不同类型片麻岩之间所表现的穿切构造、基性岩墙中的矿物定向构造以及基性岩体边缘及其围岩的变形构造等,褶皱构造可分为表壳岩褶皱及片麻岩褶皱,高级区可能不存在大型的片麻岩褶皱,通过镜下特征矿物相的研究并结合野外变质基性岩墙的产状及特征,建立区域变质与变形作用的关系,从而为区域地质事件表的建立提供依据。     

碧口群铜矿床的成矿时限及其意义

碧口群铜矿床作为早期同生喷流,后期受变质改造的沉积一变质改造型矿床,其保留有同生沉积的纹层构造和后生叠加改造的脉状构造。脉状硫化物Sr同位素及含矿石英脉的Ar同位素定年分别给出329Ma和211．3Ma,说明脉状硫化物的成矿时限在329－211Ma左右。由于该年龄明显小于矿体围岩的Sin－Nd、Rb－Sr年龄,所以该年龄反映了碧口群矿床的后期叠加成矿的时间。     

东亚大陆边缘的构造格架及其中-新生代演化

燕山运动在亚洲大陆雏形东缘形成2条北东向的剪切带:郯庐断裂带和长乐-南澳-中央构造线断裂带,晚侏罗世—古近纪早期沿之发生地体/地块的拼贴。系统叙述了各移置地体/地块的主要岩石记录和拼贴时代,据起源分为3类:异地的(包括源自冈瓦纳的和源自盘古大洋的)、半异地的和准原地的;据拼贴位置分为2组:拼贴后基本位于原地的(日本海张开以前) 和发生过向北东错移的。新生代内东亚大陆边缘发生解体,可以台湾岛以北的菲律宾海盆断裂为界将东亚大陆边缘弧分为2段,北段仍处于剪切-拉张中,南段已进入剪切挤压-造山阶段。强调该地区中—新生代演化经历了2个里丁旋回, 形成早白垩世的北东向和新近纪的北东东向2期新生构造。     

Heavy clastic minerals from the Far East island-arc complexes

The results of the study of heavy clastic minerals from the Cretaceous-Paleogene terrigenous complexes of Sikhote-Alin and Kamchatka, as well as from the Cenozoic sediments of the deepwater Vanuatu Trench, are summarized. The data obtained have been interpreted on the basis of their comparison with heavy mineral assemblages of recent sediments deposited in known geodynamic settings. It is shown that the heavy clastic minerals of sedimentary rocks, their relative quantities, and chemical compositions may serve as reliable indicators of different island-arc settings and magmatic processes; these indicators may also be used for identification of such settings in paleobasins of orogenic regions.     

Sapphirine-bearing granulites and related high-temperature metamorphic rocks from the Higo metamorphic terrane, west-central Kyushu, Japan

The Higo metamorphic unit in west-central Kyushu island, southwest Japan is an imbricated crustal section in which a sequence of units with increasing metamorphic grade from high (northern part) to low (southern part) structural levels is exposed. The basal part of the metamorphic sequence representing an original depth of 23–24  km consists mainly of garnet–cordierite–biotite gneiss, garnet–orthopyroxene gneiss, orthopyroxene-bearing amphibolite and orthopyroxene-bearing S-type tonalite. These metamorphic rocks underwent high amphibolite-facies up to granulite facies metamorphism with peak P – T  conditions of 720  MPa, 870  °C. In addition sapphirine-bearing granulites and related high-temperature metamorphic rocks also occur as tectonic blocks in a metamorphosed peridotite intrusion. The sapphirine-bearing granulites and their related high-temperature metamorphic rocks can be subdivided into five types of mineral assemblages reflecting their bulk chemical compositions as follows: (1) sapphirine–corundum–spinel–cordierite (2) corundum–spinel–cordierite (3) garnet–corundum–spinel–cordierite (4) garnet–spinel–gedrite–corundum, and (5) orthopyroxene–spinel–gedrite. These metamorphic rocks are characterized by unusually high Al₂O₃ and low SiO₂ contents, which could represent a restitic nature remaining after partial melting of pelitic granulite under the ultra high-temperature contact metamorphism at the peak metamorphic event of the Higo metamorphic unit. The metamorphic conditions are estimated to be about 800  MPa and above 950  °C which took place at about 250  Ma as a result of the thermal effect of the regional gabbroic rock intrusions.     

Unpairing metamorphic belts: P–T paths and a tectonic model for the Ryoke Belt, southwest Japan

Southwest Japan is divided into Outer and Inner Zones by the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), a major transcurrent fault. The Outer Zone is composed of the Sambagawa (high-pressure intermediate or high P/T type metamorphism), Chichibu and Shimanto Belts. In the Inner Zone, the Ryoke Belt (andalusite– sillimanite or low P/T type metamorphism) was developed mainly within a Jurassic accretionary complex. This spatial relationship between high P/T type and low P/T type metamorphic belts led Miyashiro to the idea that metamorphic belts were developed as ‘paired’ systems. Textural relationships and petrogenetically significant mineral assemblages in pelites from the Ryoke Belt imply peak P–T conditions of ≈5 kbar and up to 850 °C in migmatitic garnet–cordierite rocks from the highest-grade metamorphic zone. It is likely that the thermal anomaly responsible for metamorphism of the Ryoke Belt was related to a segment of the Farallon–Izanagi Ridge as it subducted under the eastern margin of the Asian continent during the Cretaceous. The sequence of mineral assemblages developed in pelites implies a metamorphic field gradient with shallow dP/dT slope, inferred to have been generated by a nested set of hairpin-like ‘clockwise’P–T paths. These P–T paths are characterized by limited prograde thickening, minor decompression at peak-T , and near-isobaric cooling, features that may be typical of P–T paths in low P/T type metamorphic belts caused by ridge subduction. A ridge subduction model for the Ryoke Belt implies that juxtaposition of the high-P/T metamorphic rocks of the Sambagawa Belt against it was a result of terrane amalgamation. Belt-parallel ductile stretching, recorded as syn-metamorphic, predominantly constrictional strain in both Ryoke and Sambagawa Belt rocks, and substantial sinistral displacement on the MTL are consistent with left-lateral oblique convergence. Diachroneity in fast cooling of the Ryoke Belt is implied by extant thermochronological data, and is inferred to relate to progressive SW to NE docking of the Sambagawa Belt. Thus, an alternative interpretation of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in Japan is that they represent laterally contemporaneous terranes, rather than outboard and inboard components of a trench/arc ‘paired’ system. Amalgamation of laterally contemporaneous terranes during large translations of forearcs along continental margins may explain other examples of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in the geological record.     

柴北缘牦牛山地区牦牛山组沉积相组合特征

柴达木盆地北缘牦牛山地区出露的牦牛山组是一套由冲积扇和扇三角洲相共同构成的陆相沉积组合,冲积扇相砾岩-粗砂岩组合主要分布于研究区SE侧,扇三角洲相砂岩-泥岩组合主要分布于研究区NW侧。古水流分析表明牦牛山组沉积物主要来自其SE侧古隆起,但后期扇三角洲相包含少量来自NW和NE向的沉积物。该套沉积组合序列特征与区域上分布在牦牛山西侧同时期形成的湖泊相、滨浅海相沉积共同表明,柴达木盆地北缘在晚志留-早泥盆世时期存在一NW向倾斜的古斜坡,且晚期北侧发生抬升。砾岩和砂岩碎屑组成与区域岩石组合类型对比表明,牦牛山组沉积碎屑物主要来自于滩间山群。沉积组合序列特征、碎屑组成和区域构造背景综合研究表明,牦牛山组可能为柴达木板块向北俯冲过程中形成的局部断陷盆地的充填物。