包头—忽鸡沟一带麻粒岩相岩石的矿物学和结晶P-T条件

本文提供了77个石榴石、辉石、角闪石、黑云母和斜长石等单矿物能谱和湿化学分析资料,研究了各种矿物对的分配系数。用二辉石地质温度计估算的变质作用温度为770—860℃,用其他矿物对估算的温度多数在二辉石温度计获得的温度范围内。用Wood的石榴石—斜方辉石地质压力计和Newton—Perkins以及Wells石榴石—斜方辉石—斜长石地质压力计公式估算的变质作用压力为(8—10)×10~8Pa,地热梯度为24.6—27.5℃/km,属低—中压型麻粒岩相。     

Annual heat balance and equilibrium temperature of Lake Aegeri,Switzerland

The mean heat budget of Lake Aegeri, Switzerland, is 950 MJ·m^–2, comparable to that of neighbouring lakes. The annual variation in the net heat flux can be adequately described using a six-term heat balance equation based on 12 years of monthly mean meteorological and surface temperature data. Although the magnitude of the net heat flux is dominated by the radiative terms of the equation, the one-month backward shift of the net flux and total heat content extrema from the solstices and equinoxes respectively is due to the phase shift of the non-radiative with respect to the radiative terms. A linear approximation was used to express the net heat flux in terms of a heat exchange coefficient and an equilibrium temperature. The former varies from 17 to 28 W·m^–2·K^–1 in the course of a year; fluctuations in the latter are found to depend mainly on fluctuations in cloud cover and relative humidity, whilst the effect of fluctuations in air temperature and wind speed is slight.     

High time resolution monitoring of tropospheric temperature with a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS)

We have observed the time-height variation of the temperature field in the upper troposphere using a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) which consists of the MU radar and a high-power acoustic transmitter. The fast beam steerability of the MU radar has made it possible to measure temperature profiles in a fairly wide height range in the upper troposphere (5–11 km), even under intense wind conditions. Observations were continued for about 32 hr on 24–26 December, 1986 with a time-height resolution of 30 min and 150 m. During the observation period, the tropospheric jet was so intense that the acoustic wavefronts were severely distorted. Using wind velocity profiles observed by the MU radar we have numerically estimated the propagation of acoustic wavefronts, and further determined favorable pointing directions for the MU radar to receive significant backscattering from refractive index fluctuations produced by the acoustic waves. Conventional radiosonde soundings were carried out every 6 hr, which showed a temperature decrease of 4 K/day in the upper troposphere during the observation period. Temperature profiles taken by RASS agree well with the radiosonde results.     

A note on some early radiosonde temperature observations in the Antarctic lower stratosphere

The behaviour of the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere has attracted considerable interest, and been compared with the Northern Hemisphere, since the International Geophysical Year (1957–58) when the sudden (explosive or accelerated) springtime warming phenomenon in the Antarctic was first observed. Over the years studies of upper air temperature and wind observations have been made, principally through the spring months when the polar vortex breakdown occurs, utilising both ground-based (rawinsonde, rocket) and more recently, satellite-derived data. Although the radiosonde-derived temperature data are limited both by the number of reporting stations, and the practical difficulty of securing observations much above the 100 hPa level, useful records exist from 1956 or 1957. These have shown that in the 1959 southern spring, the lower stratosphere was relatively colder, and the warming rate through the season was essentially more regular, with little evidence of the marked but short-lived temperature fluctuations usually found. Similar, but not quite such wide-spread conditions occurred again in the 1961 spring. In another study, 30 hPa temperature fields over the Antarctic continent, which could be drawn for the 1967 spring, showed the complexity of the polar vortex breakdown. These features are recalled because extension of the 100 hPa springtime temperature series for the Australian Antarctic station at Casey (66.3°S, 110.5°E) shows that in 1985 and part of 1986, the temperature behaviour there was similar to, but not quite so extreme as that which occurred at Mirny (66.5°S, 93.0°E) in 1959.     

剩磁-温度谱与冷却模式

本文解释热剩磁和粘滞剩磁的阻挡过程。较慢冷却伴随较低的阻挡温度。一组同一的磁颗粒,其实验室解阻温度不一定等于其磁化成分的阻挡温度。冷却速率不同,重排剩磁量会不同,两者的关系与磁畴状态有关。距烘烤体不同距离采集磁颗粒分布相同的围岩样品,在一定场合下,根据其剩磁-实验室解阻温度谱所示的重排剩磁量的差别,可讨论冷却速度及模型。本文列举苏格兰某些围岩的不同重排剩磁量,讨论有关问题。     

Ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of chloro and chlorofluoro-methanes at stratospheric temperatures

Absorption cross-sections of nine halomethanes (CCl₄, CHCl₃, CH₂Cl₂, CH₃Cl, CFCl₃, CF₂Cl₂, CF₃Cl, CHFCl₂, and CHF₂Cl), measured between 174 and 250 nm for temperatures ranging from 225 to 295 K, are presented with uncertainties ranging from 2 to 4% and compared with previous determinations made for comparable temperature ranges.The largest temperature effect which takes place near the absorption threshold, decreases the absorption cross-section up to 50% for highly chlorinated methanes, but is negligible for molecules highly stabilized by hydrogen and/or fluorine. Extrapolated values for temperatures of aeronomical interest are presented, as well as parametrical formulas which give absorption cross-section values for given wavelength and temperature ranges.     

钇铝石榴石晶体高压相变研究

采用金刚石压砧高压设备,对立方结构掺钕钇铝榴石多晶进行高温高压相变研究。实验分同时加温加压、独立加压、独立加温三类。对压力温度作用后相变产物进行了 X 射线衍射研究,对相变前后样品的配位数、晶体结构、晶胞参数、体积、密度进行了对比。     

漳州地热普查区地球化学异常的讨论

本文以漳州热田为例,通过对该区的地质及构造特征、地下热水分布、水化学特征及土壤地球化学异常的分析对照,论证了化探工作在地热勘查中的应用效果。同时,对热田的化探异常成因进行了初浅的探讨。