城市生产性服务业空间分布研究：以南京为例

20世纪90年代以来,随着信息技术的发展和应用,城市与区域空间结构也逐渐发生了相应的变化,这已成为西方学术界研究的重点问题。作为长江三角洲三大中心城市之一,南京城市空间发展也日益受到了信息化、全球化的影响,并表现出了新的结构特征。本研究从全球、国家及区域背景出发,分析南京城市生产性服务业的空间变化,及其所带来的空间结构的转型。这包括城市商务中心功能的强化与边缘商务空间的培育、信息产业密集区出现、学习型区域的空间重构几个方面。     

Emergence patterns and microhabitat preference of aquatic dance flies (Empididae; Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) on a longitudinal gradient of barrage lake system

Aquatic dance flies (Empididae; Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) are important components of freshwater assemblages, especially in running waters. They are predators as larvae and adults and thus essential for understanding aquatic food webs. This study was conducted in Plitvice lakes National Park (Croatia) representing a wide variety of freshwater habitats (springs, streams, lakes and tufa barriers). Adults were collected monthly from March 2007 until March 2009 using pyramid-type emergence traps at 13 locations. A total of 3865 specimens comprising 18 species were collected. The dominant genus was Chelifera, while the most abundant species was Hemerodromia unilineata. All species were univoltine except Chelifera precabunda, Chelifera pyrenaica and Chelifera stigmatica that were bivoltine. Considerable differences in composition and structure of aquatic dance flies assemblages were recorded along a longitudinal gradient of studied sites, primarily related to differences in physical and chemical parameters of water. Water temperature was the main factor influencing the timing of emergence. Hemerodromia species preferred variable water temperature throughout the year while the majority of the Chelifera species preferred stable water temperature characteristic of spring sites. Furthermore, discharge affected assemblage composition of aquatic dance flies. The highest abundance of aquatic dance flies was recorded in lotic habitats with fast water current over substrates of moss, gravel and particulate tufa with detritus. These results give a new insight on microhabitat preference and their distribution on unique karstic habitats.     

祁连山南坡灌丛草甸生物量变化与水热因子的关系研究

通过野外调研和室内实验,研究了祁连山南坡灌丛草甸地上生物量的生长季变化,并对地上生物量与水热因子的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：在不同区域群落结构有所不同,覆盖度越低,上层和下层的植物高度越低,丰富度和多样性越小。但均匀度还受草场退化阶段的影响,群落结构相对稳定,植物的均匀度越高;地上生物量的年内变化是单峰曲线,乌鞘岭和门源的地上生物量在7月份最大,祁连和野牛沟的地上生物量在9月份最大;地上生物量的积累与前1月和前2月的气温和降水正相关,与前4月的气温也正相关,并且对气温变化的敏感性大于降水,但与地温和土壤水分的相关性不明显,前1月表层地温较高对地上生物量的积累有积极作用;对于地上生物量积累,日气温、日相对湿度、降水量有直接正向作用,而日最高气温、日最低气温、日水汽压有直接负向作用,5 cm、20 cm地温和0~10 cm、20~30 cm土壤水分也有直接正向作用,而10 cm地温和10~20 cm土壤水分也有直接负向作用。     

Conflation and aggregation of spatial data improve predictive models for species with limited habitats: A case of the threatened yellow-billed cuckoo in Arizona,USA

Riparian vegetation provides important wildlife habitat in the southwestern United States, but limited distributions and spatial complexity often leads to inaccurate representation in maps used to guide conservation. We test the use of data conflation and aggregation on multiple vegetation/land-cover maps to improve the accuracy of habitat models for the threatened western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis). We used species observations (n = 479) from a state-wide survey to develop habitat models from 1) three vegetation/land-cover maps produced at different geographic scales ranging from state to national, and 2) new aggregate maps defined by the spatial agreement of cover types, which were defined as high (agreement = all data sets), moderate (agreement ≥ 2), and low (no agreement required). Model accuracies, predicted habitat locations, and total area of predicted habitat varied considerably, illustrating the effects of input data quality on habitat predictions and resulting potential impacts on conservation planning. Habitat models based on aggregated and conflated data were more accurate and had higher model sensitivity than original vegetation/land-cover, but this accuracy came at the cost of reduced geographic extent of predicted habitat. Using the highest performing models, we assessed cuckoo habitat preference and distribution in Arizona and found that major watersheds containing high-probably habitat are fragmented by a wide swath of low-probability habitat. Focus on riparian restoration in these areas could provide more breeding habitat for the threatened cuckoo, offset potential future habitat losses in adjacent watershed, and increase regional connectivity for other threatened vertebrates that also use riparian corridors.     

基于Sentinel-1A的2021年双湖MW5.7地震同震破裂模型

利用Sentinel-1A SAR数据提取2021年西藏双湖县M_W5.7地震同震形变场及2.5D形变场,反演断层滑动分布模型。计算不同节面解为接收断层产生的库仑应力变化差异确定发震构造,并结合余震分布信息评估未来地震风险性。结果表明,地震震中为34.37°N、87.71°E,震源深度6.51 km,发震断层倾向东、走向33°、倾角50°、平均滑动角-74°,以倾滑为主兼有少量左旋走滑分量,最大滑动量0.26 m。短时间内,震区南部地震风险较小,北部则需要结合更多资料进一步分析。本次地震是在羌塘块体持续向东扩张的背景下,受EW向拉伸作用使得黄水湖正断层发生的一次弥散型变形活动,SN向地堑得到进一步扩张。     

面向对象技术在城市配电网GIS数据库中的应用

针对当前城市配电网基础数据管理的现状,本文阐述了利用面向对象与关系数据库技术设计城市配电网基础数据库的重要性,重点讨论了城市配电网GIS数据库的基本模型,包括数据库基本构架、编码方案、属性数据与空间数据、系统对象模型向数据库基本模型的映射,为构建城市配电网GIS应用平台及实现企业级的数据共享提供了基础。     

阿勒泰地区植被覆盖度及ET对气温变化的响应

研究气温对植被覆盖度和ET (Evapotranspiration,ET)的影响,对干旱区应对气候变化、维系生态系统稳定具有重要意义。基于阿勒泰地区及周边7个气象站,CRU数据集中的气温数据及MODIS ET数据,采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验、植被盖度反演等方法,对阿勒泰地区气温变化对植被覆盖度及ET的影响进行了研究。结果表明：（1）在1901—2016年过去的116 a间,阿勒泰地区年平均气温以0.18 ℃·(10 a)^-1速率增加,在1982年由突变前的2.2 ℃增加到突变后的3.5 ℃。（2）2000—2017年阿勒泰地区植被覆盖度变化的空间差异明显,植被覆盖度增加的面积与降低的面积总体相当;全区66.71%的区域植被覆盖度变化与气温呈负相关,而呈正相关的比例仅占18.55%,且全区气温变暖而盖度降低区域的占比达31.71%。（3）2000—2016年阿勒泰地区ET总体呈降低趋势,整个区域61.65%的面积温度降低、ET降低,而19.92%的区域表现为温度增加而植被ET降低。     

广西田阳-那坡县堆积铝土矿分布规律初探

文章试图通过古地理环境、地质构造条件、沉积铝土矿及矿区地貌等因素去初步探讨田阳县-那坡县一带堆积铝土矿优质矿石及含矿率分布的规律性.认为沉积铝土矿及地貌因素是控制该地区堆积铝土矿优质矿石及含矿率分布的主要因素.     

Seasonal temperatures for the past ∼400 years reconstructed from diatom and chironomid assemblages in a high-altitude lake (Lej da la Tscheppa,Switzerland)

We analysed a 42 cm long sediment record from Lej da la Tscheppa, a high-altitude lake (2,616 m a.s.l.) in the Upper Engadine valley (Switzerland) for subfossil diatoms, chironomids and pollen. The chronology of the top 21 cm of the record was established using ²¹⁰Pb analysis using a constant-rate-of-supply model, and validated with ¹³⁷Cs measurements and the content of spheroidal carbonaceous particles. A tentative chronology for the lower part of the core was obtained through extrapolation of the sedimentation rates in the uppermost part of the record. Pollen assemblages in the record reflect regional changes in forestation and land-use patterns in the Upper Engadine valley and show no evidence of significant local human activity in the lake’s catchment. Diatom assemblages record a distinct increase in planktonic taxa since the early 19th century, suggesting a decrease in the duration of ice-cover. In contrast, chironomid assemblages remained stable during a large part of the record. We applied an established chironomid-based July air temperature transfer function and a newly developed diatom-based spring air temperature transfer function to reconstruct past seasonal air temperature changes at Lej da la Tscheppa. The reconstructions indicate a diatom-inferred warming trend in spring temperatures during the past ca. 400 years, whereas chironomid-inferred summer temperatures suggest a slight cooling trend. These biota-based reconstructions are in good agreement with the centennial-scale temperature trend in an independent reconstruction of regional temperatures in the Upper Engadine region based on instrumental records and documentary proxy evidence from the Alps. Our results suggest that, in high-altitude lakes, independent chironomid- and diatom-based seasonal temperature reconstruction is possible and can be successfully used to track seasonal temperature trends.     

Mean slope-angle frequency distribution and size frequency distribution of landslide masses in Higashikubiki area, Japan

Landslide mass size frequency distributions and mean slope-angle frequency distributions were calculated for slump, slide, and creep type landslides in the Higashikubiki area. Mean slope-angle frequency distributions closely approximated Weibull distributions. Size frequency distributions show power-law dependencies. Both can be explained by modeling landslides as linked uniform blocks in tensile force. Power coefficients for size frequency distributions were 2.01–2.32 (approximation to power functions) or 2.10–2.24 (approximation to Pareto distributions).