基于信息熵的岩溶水监测网优化:以徐州市典型水源地为例

在各级水利与自然资源部门地下水监测数据共享机制逐步完善背景下,针对日益凸显的原有监测系统中存在的监测井布局不合理问题以及岩溶含水系统具有的非均质性和各向异性特征,选取徐州市丁楼-茅村和七里沟2个典型水源地,分别采用互信息-距离(T-D)和最大信息最小冗余(MIMR)模型对研究区监测网信息冗余性和最优监测井组合进行了研究。结果显示：丁楼-茅村水源地水位监测数据离散程度、信息熵、信息传递量和信息衰减速率均大于七里沟水源地,2个水源地在ε取10^-1时的水位信息有效传递距离分别为4.7,4.8 km,指示出两地相似的岩溶发育程度和水力传导性能。通过对比监测井控制范围的实际值和理论值发现2个水源地监测井之间均存在信息冗余。现有监测条件下,丁楼-茅村水源地最优监测井数为6眼,最优监测井组合为D1-D2-D4-D5-D7-D9;七里沟水源地最优监测井数量为5眼,最优组合为Q1-Q3-Q4-Q5-Q7。将优化结果与原监测网相比,2个水源地监测井数量均减少3眼,分别能提供原监测网信息总量的98.5%,94.9%,监测网控制范围分别下降0.4%,1.2%,信息冗余量分别减少49.0%...     

Karst cave tourism system in Zhejiang Province based on resource regional analysis

Karst cave tourism plays an important role in the overall tourism of Zhejiang Province,China.In analyzing the current status of karst cave tourism resources,it is crucial to develop a scientific system for optimizing resource exploitation and tourism development in the future.This study conducted an analysis of resource characteristics and regional structure in Zhejiang Province.Nearest neighbor index(NNI) method and accessibility index method were used for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of scale,strength,combination,and accessibility of karst cave tourism resources.Results indicated that karst cave tourism resources in Zhejiang Province have a significant regional influence,and that resource quality and exploitation are diverse in different regions.Among the regions,Jinhua had the highest exploitation proportion of over 60% and the lowest NNI value of 0.098.Furthermore,regional analysis inferred that different karst caves demonstrate diversity in accessibility to tourism markets,among which the Lingshan Cave,Fengshui Cave,and Xianqiao Cave reveal the highest accessibility index of 2.41.Finally,we put forward a karst cave tourism system in Zhejiang Province based on the Growth Pole Theory and set up an overall scheme for karst cave tourism development.From a regional perspective analysis,the study refined the methods for regional resource research and provided a strategic proposal for karst cave tourism in Zhejiang Province.     

江西北部岩溶地貌陆生贝类物种多样性

作者于2013年5月至6月调查了位于江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类资源,共采得陆生贝类63种及亚种(含5个未定种),分别隶属于12科21属,其中1个新种,即石钟山弯螺(Sinoennea shizhongshanensis sp.nov),优势种为雪土鸥螺(Georissa niva)、细纹喇叭螺(Boysidia gracilis)、囊喇叭螺(Boysidia dorsata)和灰尖巴蜗牛(Bradybaena ravida ravida)。区系成分以东洋界成分为主,占总种类数的61.90%。计算了江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类多样性指数,其中Margalef丰富度指数(dMA)为2.205~4.273,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为1.960~3.374,Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)为0.448~0.681。与邻近自然保护区比较,江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类较为丰富,与其他自然保护区物种相似性较低。     

喀斯特地区某桩基工程溶洞的处理措施

本文总结了粤北喀斯特地区某桩基础工程的施工过程,论述了喀斯特地区的溶洞特征及所采取的处理措施。     

GIS技术在1：5万岩溶水文地质综合调查野外工作中的应用——以湖南新田河流域为例

通常GIS技术应用到野外水文地质调查工作时需要花费大量时间准备数据,导致其不能及时参与到野外工作中。为了使GIS技术及时在1：5万岩溶水文地质综合调查野外工作中发挥作用,笔者以湖南新田河调查为例,在MapGIS系统中根据原始资料复杂程度的不同对数据进行处理和配准,及时制作了信息丰富的野外工作用图,建立了工作区专业数据和数据录入、分析平台,在野外调查工作开展时及时录入数据并加以分析,及时修订地质边界,检查野外定点准确度,发现调查区遗漏点,优化取样点及线路等,提高了工作效益和准确度。     

融合生态学和提升岩溶水数值模拟技术的国际前沿研究

岩溶水由于其脆弱性和非均质性被认为是水文地质领域的重点研究方向。2015年6月在英国伯明翰大学举办的岩溶水国际会议吸引了世界上100多位长期从事岩溶水研究的学者参加,会议从岩溶地质、岩溶水模拟、特殊生态系统、岩溶环境以及水文地质技术方法五个方面进行研讨,提出了很多新认识。例如利用岩溶水模拟进行管道位置的预测;发展分布式混合水流模型已经成为岩溶水模拟的主流;开展岩溶含水层地下生物多样性的调查;注重岩溶环境的评价、科普和保护的衔接等。未来岩溶水研究的动向具有以下特征：（1）岩溶水的研究范畴将扩大到生态学领域;（2）岩溶水模拟的精度将得到显著提高;（3）与人类健康有关的岩溶环境得到更多的关注。为此建议中国地质调查项目跟上国际岩溶水研究的形势,提高地质调查成果的科技含量,尽快实现模型化,增强服务社会的功能。     

塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用

寒武纪-奥陶纪塔里木盆地经历了4种不同类型的碳酸盐岩台地结构型式的演变。不同台地区带的碳酸盐岩层序结构特征显著不同,柯坪地区寒武系-奥陶系为一套碳酸盐岩为主的地层,发育7种不同特征的碳酸盐岩层序构型。库鲁克塔格地区层序总体表现为半深海-深海盆地相背景下的海底扇沉积。相带和层序界面对储层发育具有重要影响,不同级别的层序界面对其下碳酸盐岩储层的发育具有重要的控制作用,并对埋藏条件下的流体具有输导作用。流体对埋藏岩溶型储层的形成具有重要的改造作用,风化壳岩溶型储层受风化淋滤带和层序界面的控制,白云岩储层和礁滩型储层主要受沉积相和成岩相控制。     

Fractal analysis of the Oyo River, cave systems, and topography of the Gunungsewu karst area, central Java, Indonesia

Gunungsewu, the southernmost subzone of the Southern Mountains, central Java, is a classic karst terrain, bounded by the Oyo River on the north and the Indian Ocean on the south. In this study, the Oyo River, the main drainage in the area, is divided into 14 segments, and the fractal dimension of each segment is determined by the box-counting method. The 14 segments show various values of fractal dimensions, which are controlled by lithology and geologic structures of the area that is being dissected by the river. Easily eroded lithologies have larger fractal dimensions, and the value changes abruptly when the river crosses faults. Fractal dimensions of six underground rivers in the Bribin, Sodong, Semuluh, Jomblang, Soga, and Sumurup caves, and the surface topography above the caves were also determined. The caves have fractal dimensions that range from 1.043 ±0.01 to 1.08±0.01; the surface topography has fractal dimensions that range from 1.49±0.01 to 1.732±0.01. The fractal dimension of an underground river is proportional to the fractal dimension of the surface topography over the passage. Larger fractal dimensions of underground rivers are associated with smaller flow rates of the rivers. Received, June 1998Revised, March 1999, August 1999, February 2000Accepted, February 2000     

岩溶发育区供水井施工工艺

分析了岩溶区供水井施工困难的原因，并从钻井、成井工艺方面就防治地面塌陷和克服井孔弯曲、坍塌、延长供水井寿命等问题进行了探讨。