江苏地区沙尘天气时空特征及气候变化分析

利用江苏省59个测站1960-2006年的沙尘天气观测资料,通过时间序列线性变化趋势、小波分析等方法,研究了江苏沙尘天气的时空分布及年际和年代际变化特征.结果表明:江苏沙尘天气在空间上呈北多南少、西多东少,年发生频数差异明显的特征;47 a江苏年沙尘日数年际变化明显,总频次呈减少趋势,沙尘强度呈减弱趋势;江苏沙尘天气季节分布不均匀,3-4月份为多沙尘月,6-10月基本没有沙尘天气发生,11月后沙尘天气开始增多;从小波分析的结果看,江苏沙尘天气具有2、4、6、8 a的年际周期变化和11、20 a左右的年代际周期振荡,其中8 a和20 a周期振荡是主要特征,20 a的周期振荡贯穿始终.     

Climatic features of cloud water distribution and cycle over China

Analyses of cloud water path(CWP)data over China available from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project(ISCCP)are performed for the period 1984-2004.Combined with GPCP precipitation data,cloud water cycle index(CWCI)is also calculated.The climatic distributions of CWP are found to be dependent on large-scale circulation,topographical features,water vapor transport and similar distribution features which are found in CWCI except in the Sichuan Basin.Influenced by the Asia monsoon,CWP over China exhibits very large seasonal variations in different regions.The seasonal cycles of CWCI in different regions are consistent and the largest CWCI occurs in July.The long-term trends of CWP and CWCI are investigated,too.Increasing trends of CWP are found during the period with the largest increase found in winter.The decreasing trends of CWCI dominate most regions of China.The differences in long-term trends between CWP and CWCI suggest that CWP only can influence the variation of CWCI to a certain extent and that other factors need to be involved in cloud water cycle researches.This phenomenon reveals the complexity of the hydrological cycle related to cloud water.     

边界层辐合线对强对流系统形成和发展的作用

应用天津CINRAD/SA雷达探测到的边界层辐合线信息,对2008—2009年6—9月发生在天津地区的边界层辐合线进行了统计分析,与2002—2007年海风锋触发形成的局地强对流天气分析相结合,研究结果表明:天津地区边界层辐合线的雷达低仰角基本反射率因子产品的回波特征一般表现为弱的窄带回波,回波强度仅为15~25 dBZ,宽度一般为3~10 km。在合适的层结状态和水汽条件下,这些边界层辐合线的演变和碰撞与强对流天气的发生、发展密切相关。单一边界层辐合线一般不能形成大范围的雷暴天气;两条以上边界层辐合线之间碰撞,一般在碰撞交叉处能够形成强对流天气。若已存在强对流天气,则强对流天气将加强。     

华北冷涡背景下强对流天气的基本特征分析

利用京津冀的危险天气报资料,统计分析2001-2008年5-8月华北冷涡背景下的强对流天气的时空分布及动力热力特征.结果表明:(1) 短时强降水在沿海地区发生的概率最大,尤其是下午至傍晚.河北西北山区上午发生大风和冰雹的概率最大,下午至傍晚的大概率区向东向南明显扩大.龙卷在上午发生的概率最大,其大概率中心位于北京.(2...     

典型南涝（旱）北旱（涝）梅雨大气环流特征差异及动力诊断分析

利用NCEP逐日再分析资料,采用合成分析和动力诊断方法比较研究了典型南涝(旱)北旱(涝)梅雨大气环流特征差异,逐一考察了近20种物理量对其主雨带位置的诊断识别能力.结果表明:典型南涝(旱)北旱(涝)梅雨极涡偏强(弱),亚欧中高纬槽脊振幅较大(小),中纬度110°E～150°E地区位势高度明显偏低(高),冷空气势力偏强(...     

我国最冷日期及其日均温分布特征的气候分析

采用五天滑动平均方法，对我国最冷日期及其日均温的分布特征进行了气候分析。最冷日期及其日均温有沿着纬向分布的特征。最冷日期除在西北地区、东北的北部边陲和滇南外，其余大部地区都出现在“三九”期间；最冷日平均气温自南向北迅速降低。     

ABRUPT CHANGE IN ELEMENTS AROUND 1998 SCS SUMMER MONSOON ESTABLISHMENT WITH ANALYSIS OF ITS CHARACTERISTIC PROCESS*

The latest dataset from the SCS(South China Sea) Monsoon Experiment is used to investigate the features of abrupt change in some meteorological elements before,during and after the summer monsoon's establishment in 1998 and explore its onset characteristic process.We have arrived at a preliminary conclusion that the 1998 Asian summer monsoon is established first in the SCS as early as May 23,which is representative of the earliest indicator of the conversion from a winter into a summer monsoon situation in Asia;the continued retreat eastward of the western Pacific subtropical high from the SCS region has direct effect on the SCS summer monsoon establishment because the withdrawal favors the release of unstable energy,responsible for the sudden onset of the monsoon.Our tentative investigation indicates that the eastward extension of the westerly and rainfall band from the equatorial Indian Ocean into the Indo-China Peninsula and the southward spreading of an active South-China stationary front,acting as the interaction between mid and low latitude systems,are likely to be the characteristic events contributing to the subtropical high's eastward retreating and the summer monsoon's onset over the SCS.     

山东半岛的海陆风环流及其影响

利用山东半岛３２个气象站１９８７￣１９９１年自记风资料，分析了山东半岛海陆风环流的特征。包括：海陆风的强度和频数、生消时间、水平及垂直伸展距离等。结果表明，白天山东半岛有海风生成时，半岛中部常存在一条辐合线，在夏秋季节常伴随阵雨与雷暴的生成，有时可诱发强对流天气。     

我国江淮流域近40年异常初终霜冻的分析

该文用地面最低温度资料，以≤0℃作为霜冻指标，定量地确定出现异常霜冻的判别标准，研究了近40年初终霜冻异常的气候特征。结果表明:初终霜冻的异常明显存在地区差异。其变化周期以2～3年和准12年最普遍。其偏离均值大致有两种波型:反向变化和同向变化。前者在淮河流域较突出，后者在长江流域较普遍。当其出现反向变化趋势，且二者偏离均值达最大时，该时期为初霜冻异常偏早(偏晚)，终霜冻异常偏晚(偏早)的活跃期。同样，当初、终霜冻出现同向变化时，初、终霜冻异常活路期亦呈现同向变化。     

ANTARCTIC SEA ICE AND THE POLAR VORTEX INDEX:TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP

The cluster analysis method has been used to divide the Antarctic sea ice variation field into 5 sectors.Then,foreach of these sectors,the corresponding indexes of vortex area and vortex intensity on the 500 hPa level have been calcu-lated.These data were used to analyse the temporal and spatial characteristics of both Antarctic sea ice and the vortexindex variations and their relationship.Our results show that substantial differences are presented in the climatic patternand interannual variations of the sea ice data and vortex index in different sectors.The maximum sea ice extent varia-tions appear in sector 1 and sector 4.Oscillation periods of 2—2.5 and 5—7 years exist in the variations of sea ice extentand vortex index in most sectors.A positive trend is only found in sector 1 sea ice extent while the other sectors shownegative trends.The average extent of the Antarctic sea ice as a whole has retreated at a rate of 1.6 latitudes per 100years.The vortex areas for all sectors have decreased.Nevertheless,the vortex intensities in 3 sectors have increased.Therelationship between sea ice and vortex characters in each sector is obvious,but a little complex.Sectors 1 and 5,whichare located in the Southeast Pacific and South Atlantic,are the most sensitive areas in terms of sea ice/atmosphereinteraction.