东昆仑造山带蛇绿岩矿物学特征及其岩石成因讨论

首次对东昆仑复合造山带不同时代蛇绿岩主要造岩矿物橄榄石、辉石、斜长石进行了系统的矿物化学研究 ,查明了不同蛇绿岩带在矿物成分上的差异 ,对清水泉蛇绿岩带和布青山蛇绿岩带单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石进行了矿物稀土、微量元素的研究 ,阐明了矿物稀土、微量元素与全岩稀土、微量元素的关系 ,证明了在以辉石和橄榄石为主的橄辉岩中 ,单斜辉石的稀土元素基本上代表了全岩的稀土元素。根据地幔岩石中矿物成分特征 ,对不同蛇绿岩带地幔类型进行了讨论 ,并根据实测的辉石、斜长石分配系数 ,确定了清水泉蛇绿岩带玄武岩的部分熔融定量模拟     

矿物学研究从资源属性到环境属性的发展

资源与环境是地球科学的两大主题,在回顾矿物资源属性的基础上,提出了矿物学环境属性的研究。在矿物形成和变化的过程中,不同时间和空间的环境变化都会在矿物中留下烙印,使得矿物成为记录 环境演变信息的载体。利用矿物能被防止分解的一面,采取相应的措施防止矿物的破坏与分解,就有可能减少甚至避免由于矿物的破坏与分解所造成的对人体健康的影响和生态环境的破坏。类似于有机生物处理方法,利用无机矿物处理污染物的方法,体现了天然自净化作用的特色。天然矿物对污染物的净化功能主要体现在环境矿物材料基本性能方面。 矿物与生物的交互作用研究,是无机界与有机界交叉渗透性研究课题。纳米矿物所表现出的超乎寻常的化学性质是其有效参与纳米生物作用的关键。     

Mineral and Lithology Mapping of Drill Core Pulps Using Visible and Infrared Spectrometry

A novel approach for using field spectrometry for determining both the mineralogy and the lithology of drill core pulps (powders) is developed and evaluated. The methodology is developed using material from a single drillhole through a mineralized sequence of rocks from central New South Wales. Mineral library spectra are used in linear unmixing routines to determine the mineral abundances in drill core pulps that represent between 1 m and 3 m of core. Comparison with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses shows that for most major constituents, spectrometry provides an estimate of quantitative mineralogy that is as reliable as that provided by XRD. Confusion between the absorption features of calcite and those of chlorite causes the calcite contents determined by spectrometry to be unreliable. Convex geometry is used to recognize the spectra of those samples that are extreme and are representative of unique lithologies. Linear unmixing is used to determine the abundance of these lithologies in each drillhole sample and these abundances are used to interpret the geology of the drillhole. The interpreted geology agrees well with conventional drillhole logs of the visible geology and photographs of the split core. The methods developed provide a quick and cost-effective way of determining the lithology and alteration mineralogy of drill core pulps.     

Geochemical compositional changes at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition in fluviodeltaic deposits in the Tegelen-Reuver area (southeastern Netherlands)

2 O contents, which can be attributed to the Alpine source supplying fresh, sodic plagioclase-rich material instead of the local, strongly weathered sediments. Increasing K₂O/Al₂O₃ can be attributed to a similar decrease in degree of weathering. However, this trend is disturbed by the loss of K from clay minerals during weathering in organic-rich layers. Local high TiO₂ anomalies, caused by preferential sorting and concentration, are found in most Pliocene sections, but they are absent in the Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene Alpine-derived deposits. This change is probably due to a change in the energy of the fluvial system. Finally, (pyrite-) S contents drop (siderite-) Fe contents rise. Micromorphological observations indicate that the Pliocene pyrite was formed when freshwater deposits were flooded with seawater during short-term events. The decrease in S, and the increase in siderite-Fe, can be attributed to decreasing marine influence, as a result of the marine regression at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition. Received: 28 August 1999 / Accepted: 2 November 1999     

pH的量传体系及其观测仪器的计量标准

本文主要介绍了有关ｐＨ标度、国家ｐＨ基准和ｐＨ工作标准的建立方法、标准缓冲溶液的配置与保存方法以及ｐＨ的量值传递体系。由于海洋现场ｐＨ观测仪器在测量原理和计量标准等方面与常规实验室ｐＨ计室完全相同,因而只要采用国家ｐＨ计量标准和合理的计量检定方法对仪器进行校准检定,便可以使观测量值溯源到国家基准,从而海洋调查资料达到准确一致的目的。另外,本文作者还阐述了实验室ｐＨ主的计量检定方法,提出了对现场观测     

西藏龙玛拉矽卡岩型铅锌多金属矿床金属矿物特征及地质意义

龙玛拉铅锌多金属矿床是冈底斯成矿带东段北缘念青唐古拉矽卡岩型多金属成矿带一个典型的铅锌矿床,矿床以铅锌银矿化为主,伴生铁铜矿化,具有矿化元素丰富,品位高的特点。矿体在纵向上发育明显的矿化分带,从矿体顶部向下依次发育铅锌银矿化、锌铜矿化、铁铜矿化和铁矿化,表现出从矿体顶部到矿体,从低温到高温的元素和矿物组合的分布规律。镜下鉴定及电子探针分析结果表明,矿床主要金属矿物有方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和磁铁矿,同时存在少量的斜方辉铅铋矿、自然铋等铋矿物以及白铁矿、铜蓝、孔雀石等次生矿物,金属矿物间具有复杂的穿插交代关系,根据详细的野外观察和镜下鉴定厘清了矿物生成顺序。黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中在1~5之间,显示出岩浆热液成因的特点,其Fe/（S+As）比值和胶状黄铁矿的出现暗示矿床形成于中浅成环境,闪锌矿富Fe、Mn,多为铁闪锌矿,表明其形成于中高温环境,按照Fe元素温度计估算出闪锌矿成矿温度为259~305℃,磁黄铁矿以单斜磁黄铁矿为主,为低温成因,且在浅部围岩和矿体中均大量出现,显示出成矿流体运移至近地表后快速降温,在强还原条件下发生了硫化物沉淀,龙玛拉矿床为远端岩浆热液矽卡岩型矿床。矿床中铋矿物与银具有密切的时空关系,指示铋对银的富集可能具有重要作用,对该带银成矿规律的研究具有一定的指示意义。     

The late Holocene paleohydrology of Pine Lake, Alberta: a multiproxy investigation

This paper reports on a high-resolution, multi-proxy, late-Holocene study from a lake in the Aspen Parkland of southern Alberta, Canada. A sediment core spanning the last 4000+ yrs from Pine Lake was analyzed for charcoal, granulometry, grain roundness, tephra content, geochemistry, mineralogy and pollen. This multi-proxy record indicates: (1) increasing anoxia causing a shift in S deposition from gypsum to pyrite due to increasing moisture availability in the late Holocene; (2) a decrease in Mg flux into the lake due to the development of the aspen forest, which reduced water flow through the Mg-rich shallow sand aquifer; the aspen forest expansion was in turn induced by the extirpation of plains bison prior to settlement; and (3) a change in the upland fire regime from frequent low-biomass grass fires to less frequent but higher biomass under-story fires, also as a result of the expansion of the aspen forest. Not only are the different proxies sensitive to different rates and magnitudes of change, they also show different sensitivities to different types of hydrological change: the mineralogy and geochemistry are sensitive to changes in water level and redox potential, and to changes in the relative strengths of the aquifers feeding the lake, while the granulometry is sensitive to total hydrological balance. Thus, apparently contradictory proxy results should be viewed as complementary.     

北京延庆硅化木的矿物学特征分析

通过X射线荧光、红外光谱和X射线衍射等检测方法分析了延庆硅化木的矿物学特征.结果表明:2个不同植物种属但在同一埋藏地形成硅化木标本成因相似,其颜色与所含元素种类及含量密切相关.X射线衍射分析表明,不同颜色和植物种属的硅化木主要组成物相一致,为SiO2,其他矿物极其微量.2个硅化木标本的红外吸收谱带基本一致,均显示典型的...     

New findings on the tectono-metamorphic history of the western Rhenish Massif (Germany) by K–Ar dating of metasedimentary illite

Metapelites, clay-rich sandstones and volcanics from Cambrian, Ordovician and Lower Devonian strata of the western Rhenish Massif underwent a complex regional Variscan tectono-thermal evolution, as shown by mineralogical and K–Ar isotopic analyses of the illite to mica components from three NW-SE transects. The metamorphic degree extended from an anchimetamorphic to an epimetamorphic intensity during two major episodes of illite crystallization at 328 ± 6 and 282 ± 12 Ma. A further late orogenic or post-orogenic extensional activity could also be detected, but not precisely, around 270 Ma, probably recorded by the precipitation of illite in new or reactivated extensional faults with upward moving heat flows.